Research on uninterruptable power supply technology for auxiliary winding of electric locomotive while passing the neutral section

Purpose–Auxiliary power system is an indispensable part of the train;the auxiliary systems of both electric locomotives and EMUs mainly are powered by one of the two ways,which are either from auxiliary windings of traction transformers or from DC-link voltage of traction converters.Powered by DC-link voltage of traction converters,the auxiliary systems were maintained of uninterruptable power supply with energy from electric braking.Meanwhile,powered by traction transformers,the auxiliary systems were always out of power while passing the neutral section of power supply grid and control system is powered by battery at this time.Design/methodology/approach–Uninterrupted power supply of auxiliary power system powered by auxiliary winding of traction transformer was studied.Failure reasons why previous solutions cannot be realized are analyzed.An uninterruptable power supply scheme for the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers is proposed in this paper.The validity of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results and on-site operation of an upgraded HXD3C type locomotive.This scheme is attractive for upgrading practical locomotives with the auxiliary systems powered by auxiliary windings of traction transformers.Findings–This scheme regenerates braking power supplied to auxiliary windings of traction transformers while a locomotive runs in the neutral section of the power supply grid.Control objectives of uninterrupted power supply technology are proposed,which are no overvoltage,no overcurrent and uninterrupted power supply.Originality/value–The control strategies of the scheme ensure both overvoltage free and inrush current free when a locomotive enters or leaves the neutral section.Furthermore,this scheme is cost low by employing updated control strategy of software and add both the two current sensors and two connection wires of hardware.

Design and analysis of an electric-locomotive turning system for coal mines

We describe a system for turning the accumulator electric locomotives used in coal mines. This improves transport efficiency and decreases mine construction and production costs. The operating requirements, principles, working features and transmission system are discussed. This system has a simple structure and can be manufactured, transported and assembled easily. It, therefore, can handle accumulator locomotives of middle and small size.

Effect of Surface Charge on Flashover for Oil-Pressboard Insulation under AC-DC Combined Electric Field

For converter transformer, AC-DC combined electric field can trigger space charge accumulation on oil-impregnated pressboard interface. The accumulation of space charge on oil-pressboard interface can result in electric field distortion, trend to trigger surface discharge of barriers. This paper studied the influence of surface charge on flashover voltage of oil-impregnated pressboard under AC-DC combined electric field. The study finds that the flashover voltage of oil-pressboard interface under negative polarity DC superimposed AC electric field is higher than that.of positive DC superimposed AC voltage to form composite electric field. It was found that homopolar surface charge has been accumulated on the interface of oil-pressboard with positive or negative DC voltage through measuring surface potential by the electrostatic capacitive probe. The surface charge produced electric field in the opposite direction, which weakening the synthetic electric field strength. What＇s more, under the same conditions, the negative surface charge density oil-pressboard is much larger than the positive.

Study of ionic wind based on dielectric barrier discharge of carbon fiber spiral electrode

Based on the idea that a large number of charged particles can be generated by a high-frequency alternating current(AC)dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),and charged particles can be accelerated directionally by a direct current(DC)electric field,a new type of ionic wind formation method is proposed in this paper.To this end,a carbon fiber spiral electrode serves as the generation electrode and a metal rod electrode as the collection electrode,with AC and DC potentials applied respectively to the generation electrode and the collection electrode to form an AC-DC coupled electric field.Under the action of the coupled electric field,a dielectric barrier discharge is formed on the carbon fiber spiral electrode,and the electrons generated by the discharge move from the generation electrode to the collection electrode in the opposite direction of the electric field vectors.During the movement,energy is transferred to the gas molecules by their colliding with neutral gas molecules,thereby forming a directional gas stream movement,i.e.ionic wind.In the research process,it is verified through electric field simulation analysis and discharge experiment that this method can effectively increase the number of charged particles in the discharge process,and the velocity of the ionic wind is nearly doubled.On this basis,the addition of a third electrode forms a distinct discharge region and an electron acceleration region,which further increases its velocity.The experimental result shows that the ionic wind speed reaches up to 2.98 m s^?1.Thanks to the ability of the electrode structure to generate an atmospheric pressure DBD plasma and form an ionic wind,we can create a noise-free air purification device without resorting to a fan,with this device having good application prospects in the field of air purification.

Analysis of Non-Sinusoidal Steady Electric Field of ±500 kV Converter Transformer

The line side winding is under the fundamental frequency AC voltage, while the valve side winding contains not only fundamental AC voltage component, but also the DC voltage component, fundamental AC voltage component, and higher harmonic voltage components when the converter transformer is at its normal operating condition, and the electric field of converter transformer is a non-sinusoidal steady one. To analyze the non-sinusoidal steady electric field containing the DC component, fundamental AC and higher harmonic components, the voltage spectrum of the valve winding in a ±500 kV converter transformer is firstly analyzed, and the non-sinusoidal periodic steady electric field is obtained by the fast discrete Fourier transform. Different resistivity of the oil and oil-immersed paper is adopted to simulate the aging of oil paper insulation at operation, and get the non-sinusoidal steady electric field.

Nonlinear dynamic fractional sliding mode control to the motor of mining locomotive

The harsh operating environment and complex operating conditions of the mine electric locomotive affect the control performance of the locomotive traction motor.In order to improve the speed control performance of electric locomotive traction motors,a dynamic fractional-order sliding mode control(DFOSMC)algorithm considering uncertain factors was proposed.A load torque sliding mode observer was designed for the complex load disturbance of the traction motor,and its observations were integrated into the DFOSMC controller to overcome the influence of load disturbance.Finally,the stability of the designed controller was proved by Lyapunov's theorem.Besides,the control performance of DFOSMC controller was compared with integer-order sliding mode controller and fractional-order sliding mode controller through simulation experiments.Compared with integer-order sliding mode and fractional-order sliding mode controllers,the dynamic and static performance of the DFOSMC controller with load observation is better,and it has stronger anti-interference ability.The DFOSMC controller effectively improves the control performance of the traction motor of the mining locomotive.

电力机车牵引变流器的振动与温度测试分析

牵引变流器作为电力机车的核心部件,振动与温度特性对于牵引变流器的稳定运行至关重要。通过对某型电力机车牵引变流器开展线路运行条件下的振动与温度测试,并从时域和频域角度分析振动特性,从系统级和部件级角度分析温度特性。研究结果表明:牵引变流器柜脚振动主要来自主变压器的高频振动,主要频率为800和1500 Hz;功率模块以轮轨作用的低频振动为主,高频成分少;在GB/T 21563—2018推荐的频率范围,冷却风机的横向振动超出标准值;功率模块水冷散热器相对于进水处的温差约为5.5℃,牵引变流器的温升裕量较大。

电力机车蓄电池管理系统设计

在轨道交通行业,电力机车蓄电池采用的是一种阀控式免维护铅酸蓄电池,业内对于蓄电池管理仍处于简单、粗放的管理模式,造成在蓄电池使用、检测、更换等方面的维护投入较大。为此,设计了一种电力机车蓄电池管理系统,该系统基于STM32单片机和MC33771C电池控制器,实现了对电力机车蓄电池的状态监测、状态分析、故障保护、能量控制以及信息管理。通过该电力机车蓄电池管理系统可以有效的优化现有蓄电池维护管理方式、降低维护成本。

大功率电力机车四象限功率模块并联均流设计研究

交流传动大功率电力机车四象限IGBT功率模块通常采用桥臂并联形式,由于并联参数不一致,可能导致不均流问题。本文对不均流问题开展技术研究,通过IGBT并联一致性筛选、对称型直流连接以及外部叠层母线设计,完成了样机试制及验证。验证结果显示,功率模块并联桥臂的均流性能有效提高。通过以上方法优化的并联桥臂功率模块,可有效提高IGBT应用可靠性与寿命,对于大功率电力机车稳定运行具有积极意义。

新一代智能重载电力机车关键技术创新概述

为了更好地满足朔黄铁路两万吨重载货运的需求,开展了新一代智能重载电力机车关键技术研究与样机研发。文章介绍了机车的主要性能参数,重点阐述了新一代电传动技术、重载直驱转向架、冷却技术、智能化技术等7个方面的技术创新。新一代智能重载电力机车关键技术的攻克及新系统的应用,推动了重载电力机车关键性能的全面提升,达到了机车智能、高效、绿色、安全运行的目标。

低照度下改进YOLOX的煤矿无人电机车轨道障碍物检测方法

为解决地下煤矿光照不足进而导致无人电机车脱轨、撞车或侧翻等问题,提出了一种低照度多特征融合的YOLOX-CBAM目标检测算法,对矿井无人电机车轨道障碍物进行有效识别与分类。首先,通过实际场景采集及标注构建地下煤矿障碍物数据集,并将其输入微光数据处理Zero_DCE模型中;其次,对YOLOX目标检测网络进行改进,分别在骨干网络CSPDarknet和特征金字塔(Feature Pyramid Networks,FPN)部分增加双通道CBAM注意力模块,解决了特征提取环节通道单一的问题;最后,将预测头部分的损失函数替换成SIoU,加快了模型迭代的速度。结果表明,与传统两阶段Faster-RCNN网络、YOLOv4网络、YOLOv5网络和原YOLOX网络相比,本模型精确率分别提高了4.65百分点、2.65百分点、2.19百分点、1.35百分点,召回率分别提高了9.39百分点、4.36百分点、0.82百分点、0.76百分点,速度分别提高了28.6帧/s、16帧/s、13.6帧/s、2.9帧/s,同时本模型与分别添加CBAM、SA、SA+SIoU、SE、SE+SIoU,YOLOX-CBAM模块的YOLOX模型相比,其精度分别提高了0.64百分点、0.84百分点、1百分点、1.29百分点和0.76百分点,速度分别提高了0.5帧/s、0.4帧/s、0.3帧/s、0.2帧/s和0.4帧/s。所提出的方法能实现地下煤矿井下无人电机车轨道障碍物的快速准确检测,并为地下矿运输设备的智能化升级及安全运行提供理论支撑。

基于失效演化模拟的电力机车用IGBT模块解析剩余寿命建模研究

牵引变流器作为电力机车系统中最关键且故障率最高的设备,影响系统的安全运行,其中绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)模块是导致牵引变流器失效的主要部件。开展IGBT模块剩余寿命准确评估,对降低运维成本和系统故障率具有重要的战略价值和经济意义。目前采用“里程修”的运维方式,未考虑机车运行线路、工况、负载差异等因素对寿命的影响,导致一些线路过早更换的高昂运维成本和一些线路过晚替换的系统停运风险。因此,在牵引系统IGBT模块故障率高、运行线路间可靠性差异大且采用不合理的“里程修”方式背景下,目前业界普遍关心的问题是各线路基于固定里程修更换的IGBT模块剩余寿命是多少。该文针对电力机车用IGBT模块剩余寿命准确评估的问题,以IGBT模块焊料层不同服役里程空洞尺寸分布规律为基础,建立考虑焊料层空洞空间分布规律的精细化多物理场模型,开展多芯片并联IGBT模块失效演化物理过程模拟,提出以焊料层空洞分布统计规律为老化状态的电力机车用IGBT模块解析剩余寿命预测模拟,并通过功率循环试验验证改进模型准确性。研究成果丰富功率器件的寿命预测和可靠性评估理论,为系统从“里程修”向“状态修”转变提供科学依据。

《电力机车整备》课程教学改革与实践研究

“教师、教材、教法”改革是目前职业教育改革的热点,其中课程教学改革与实践关系到能否能切实培养出具备行业所需技能和素质的专业人才,满足社会和行业的发展需求,提升教育质量和学生的职业竞争力。以铁道机车运用与维护专业核心课程《电力机车整备》为例,探讨课程改革的设计与实施思路,以期为高职院校铁道类课程教学改革提供思路。

机车驾驶室垂向动力学建模与舒适性问题研究

为了研究机车在行驶过程中不同速度下的机车驾驶室座椅地板的振动情况,判断其不同速度下的舒适性,降低机车驾驶人员在振动环境中引起职业病的可能性。本文应用子结构法构建了机车多体动力学模型,计算了在不同行驶速度工况下的驾驶室座椅地板处的振动加速度,结合舒适性标准确定不同速度下驾驶室座椅舒适性情况;针对120 km/h行驶速度计算宽轨电力机车驾驶室座椅地板处的随机动态响应,明确其峰值最大值所在的频率范围。分析结果表明:随着速度的提高,宽轨电力机车的驾驶室座椅地板的垂向振动加速度明显增大,舒适性等级由1级变为3级,舒适性明显降低。在频率点16.489 Hz和18.815 Hz时振动位移和振动加速度会产生峰值。

零速信号在机车电气控制中的应用

随着机车电气控制技术的不断发展,零速信号在机车电气控制中扮演着重要的角色,零速信号是指机车制动或牵引系统中用来检测车辆是否处于零速状态的信号,它能够帮助系统实时监测车辆的运行状态,从而实现精确的控制和调节,文章探讨了零速信号在机车电气控制中的应用,希望能够为机车电气的控制发展提供借鉴。

煤矿井下无人驾驶轨道电机车障碍物识别

针对现有煤矿井下无人驾驶轨道电机车因巷道环境恶劣导致障碍物识别精度低的问题,提出用于无人驾驶电机车障碍物精准实时检测的PDM-YOLO模型.基于YOLOv5,将模型C3模块中的传统卷积替换为部分卷积,构建C3_P特征提取模块,有效减少模型的浮点运算量(FLOPs)与计算延迟.采用改进后的解耦头,对传统YOLOv5的预测头进行解耦,提高模型的收敛速度及对障碍物的识别精度.优化Mosaic数据增强方法,丰富训练图像的特征信息,提高模型的普适性和鲁棒性.实验结果表明,PDM-YOLO模型在自制数据集上的平均检测精度(mAP)达到96.3%,平均检测速度达到109.2帧/s,PDM-YOLO模型在PASCAL VOC公共数据集上的检测精度高于现有主流的YOLO系列模型.

电力机车底架前端结构耐撞性拓扑优化研究

为提高电力机车碰撞安全性,文章以某型电力机车车体为研究对象,对底架前端部位开展耐撞性动态拓扑优化研究。首先,建立电力机车有限元模型,通过基于混合元胞自动机法的动态拓扑优化分析得到底架能量流动的主要路径;然后,结合电力机车车体结构特点,对底架前端结构进行优化设计与铝蜂窝吸能材料填充;最后,将优化前后的有限元模型进行碰撞仿真计算对比。研究结果表明:优化后的车体碰撞峰值加速度为402.56 m/s^(2),较优化前的车体碰撞峰值加速度663.04 m/s^(2)降低了39.29%,优化后碰撞峰值界面力比优化前降低35.71%,验证了机车耐撞性结构拓扑优化设计的合理性与有效性,提升了该型机车的耐撞性能。

川藏铁路电力机车司机室空气品质控制研究

为了保证电力机车在川藏铁路运行过程中司机室内有良好的空气品质,通过调研雅安至林芝段沿线海拔、温度及隧道热害情况,分析人体对空气成分的耐受性,建立司机室空气品质仿真模型,研究了机车运行过程中司机室内O_(2)和CO_(2)质量比的动态变化特性。结果表明:该路段部分隧道存在热害及有毒有害气体问题;人体对空气成分的耐受性要求为司机室内CO_(2)质量百分比不应超过0.23%,以及O_(2)质量百分比应控制在21.5%~25.4%;司机室下方的O_(2)质量百分比高于司机头部上方,司机前方的O_(2)质量百分比较低。人员头部上方区域的O_(2)质量百分比大多都在19%以下,室内前端的CO_(2)质量百分比达到0.28%以上;机车以160 km/h的时速运行在热害及有毒气体隧道内关闭新风系统,而在其他路段将新风量从常规的25 m3/(h·人)增加到40 m^(3)/(h·人),可使司机室内O_(2)和CO_(2)质量百分比均满足室内环境要求;当车速一定时,随着新风量的提高,司机室内环境会有较好的改善;当新风量一定时,随着机车时速的增加,司机室内所需满足空气环境要求的新风量将会减少。研究结果可为川藏铁路机车设计提供参考依据。

重载机车102型钩缓装置动态模拟方法与动力学性能研究

该研究结合试验数据提出了重载机车102型车钩缓冲装置受压动态响应的模拟方法,并研究了该机车及钩缓装置在双机重联牵引万吨列车编组下的动力学性能。基于102型钩缓装置结构特性与受压稳钩机理,采用加权离散方法将缓冲器简化为具有相同迟滞特性的多个阻抗力元,并引入剪切刚度来考虑其相互之间的剪切效应,提出了能够准确模拟钩肩止挡和缓冲器偏压特性的102型钩缓装置动力学建模方法;进而借助子结构方法搭建了“主控机车+重联机车+货车车辆+虚拟货列”的双机重联牵引万吨列车动力学模型,其中四节机车、货车车辆之间采用钩缓装置子结构连接;通过试验数据对比修正了钩缓装置模型中离散阻抗力元间的剪切刚度,并验证了所建列车动力学模型的正确性;计算分析了线路条件、结构参数、机车电制力等对系统动力学响应和运行安全性的影响规律。结果表明:重载机车在小半径曲线上施加大电制力容易引起异常增大的轮轴横向力,危及行车安全;随着车钩最大自由转角的增大,车钩偏转角和机车运行安全性指标均呈逐渐增大趋势;机车二系悬挂横向刚度增大有助于提高机车自身的受压稳定性和减小车钩偏转角,但过大横向刚度又会增大轮轨横向动态作用。

计算应力谱在机车疲劳伤损领域的应用研究

针对电力机车疲劳伤损评估的传感器测点数量局限性问题,对某型重载电力机车车体振动关键部位进行了加速度传感器布置,对车钩进行了载荷标定,在某货运专线进行了重车和空车状态下的动态测试,基于ANSYS仿真结果、nCode数据处理流程及实测车钩载荷数据获取了车体疲劳关键部位的计算应力时间历程,以雨流计数为基础编制了疲劳关键部位的计算应力谱,通过计算累积损伤获取了疲劳关键部位的剩余寿命,该机车在达到其设计寿命运行里程后,还可以安全运行56万km。