基于无差拍预测算法的双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器高动态电流控制策略

针对双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器采用传统双闭环控制策略存在的控制参数多、整定困难等问题,提出了一种基于无差拍预测算法的高动态电流控制策略,通过引入无差拍预测算法对网侧电流进行控制,以减少控制器参数,消除数字控制时延。考虑到算法中电压电流检测量众多,故采用输入电压观测器以降低检测成本,减小采样误差的影响。变换器采用后级单重移相的调制方法来协调配合无差拍预测算法,其中参考输入电流指令与移相角为双射函数关系,简单易实现。仿真和实验结果表明:采用所提控制策略可以实现网侧电流正弦,功率因数接近于1;直流侧电压稳定,电流纹波率小于1%;直流电流在参考值突变时,跟踪快速且无超调、无振荡;同时,在变换器功率正向传输、反向传输以及正反向切换过程中,采用所提控制策略相比于传统的双闭环控制策略,电流动态调节时间分别缩短了69%、85%、67%。由此证明所提控制策略可以保证变换器良好的输入输出性能,并且相比于传统的双闭环控制策略在切换过程中动态性能得到显著提升。

不平衡电网下AC-DC矩阵变换器的新型模型预测控制

为降低AC-DC矩阵变换器在输入不平衡条件下网侧有功功率波动,以及离散型模型预测控制中开关频率不固定的问题,提出一种新型模型预测控制方法。通过根据电网电流相位角选择有效矢量,避免了传统模型预测控制评估价值函数计算的负担。提出了一种二阶扩展复数卡尔曼滤波器,计算精度可以达到泰勒级数展开的二阶项,新型模型预测控制能够在不平衡电网系统中应用。仿真结果表明:所提控制策略在输入电压不平衡工况下,能够有效抑制网侧电流谐波,稳定系统输出的有功功率,并且表现出良好的性能。

AC/DC Matrix Converters for V2G Applications

由于当前V2G系统中普遍采用的电压型脉宽调制（pulse width modulation,PWM）整流方案中所存在的蓄电池电压匹配、功率体积比及系统效率问题,提出一种采用AC/DC矩阵变换器的解决方案。针对经典电流空间矢量调制策略中充电电流纹波较大的缺点,提出一种在全输出范围内减小充电电流纹波的分段优化调制策略,并深入对比分析这两种调制策略下充电电流纹波的大小。仿真和实验结果表明,所提分段优化调制策略的正确性和可行性。

Short-circuit fault analysis and isolation strategy for matrix converters

The behavior of matrix converter(MC) drive systems under the condition of MC short-circuit faults is comprehensively investigated. Two isolation strategies using semiconductors and high speed fuses(HSFs) for MC short-circuit faults are examined and their performances are compared. The behavior of MC drive systems during the fuse action time under different operating conditions is explored. The feasibility of fault-tolerant operation during the fuse action time is also studied. The basic selection laws for the HSFs and the requirements for the passive components of the MC drive system from the point view of short-circuit faults are also discussed. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed isolation strategies.

PI and RST Control Design and Comparison for Matrix Converters Using Venturini Modulation Strategy

This paper presents a thorough design and comparative study of two popular control techniques, i.e., classical Proportional Integral (PI) and RST, for Matrix Converters (MCs) in terms of tracking the reference and robustness. The output signal of MCs is directly affected by unbalanced grid voltage. Some research works have attempted to overcome this problem with PI control. However, this technique is known to offer lower performance when it is used in complex and nonlinear systems. On the other hand, RST control offers better performance, even in case of highly nonlinear systems. Therefore, the RST can achieve better performance to overcome the limitation of PI control of nonlinear systems. In this paper, a RST control method is proposed as output current controller to improve the performance of the MC powered by unbalanced grid voltage. The overall operating principle, Venturini modulation strategy of MC, PI control and characteristics of RST are presented.

隔离型双向AC-DC矩阵变换器闭环控制方法研究

根据隔离型双向AC-DC矩阵变换器(Isolated AC-DC Matrix Converter,IAMC)没有中间电容缓冲环节,输入和输出变换器控制之间存在耦合,研究提出了IAMC两级功率变换器的控制方法。通过对全桥变换器进行闭环控制进而实现对直流侧输出电流和功率的直接控制;三相-单相矩阵变换器实现对有功和无功功率的独立控制,以满足网侧功率因数的高精度控制。所提控制策略有效降低了两级变换器的耦合强度,保证了系统的良好性能。在MATLAB中进行仿真,结果表明,所提出的控制方法在使系统电能质量得到提高的同时,可以实现单位功率因数可调,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和有效性。

Unified algorithm of single-phase active AC-DC converters and its applications

This paper discusses a novel boost single-phase active AC-DC converters, named low-end semi-controlled bridge AC-DC converter. By analysis, its topology and principle can be derived from the conventional single-phase power factor corrector （ PFC）. But it has also some differences, such as power device positions, inductor type, input voltage waveform detection and induction current detection, so its design is also different. The converter is implemented by employing two current detection approaches, i.e., current transformer detection and shunt resistor detection. Consequently, it can provide a steady DC output voltage with a low voltage ripple, approximately unitary input power factor and 2.5 kW output power. The experimental results show validity of the theoretical analysis.

FCS-MPC for four-switch three-phase AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing

Due to the decrease in the number of switches for the four-switch three-phase alternating current-direct current(FSTP AC-DC)converter,it can easily lead to DC-link capacitor voltage imbalance and the system stability reduction.In order to solve these problems,a finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)for FSTP AC-DC converters with DC-link capacitor voltage balancing is proposed.In this strategy,in order to facilitate calculation,theαβcoordinate system model is established and all voltage vectors are evaluated by establishing a cost function.During the whole process,phase locked loop(PLL)and complex modulation strategy are not required.In the new established cost function,the additional objective term of suppressing capacitor voltage fluctuation is to eliminate effectively the capacitor voltages oscillations and deviations and improve the system reliability.The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can keep the capacitor voltage balancing and has good dynamic and static performance.

DIGITAL PWM OF AC-AC MATRIX CONVERTER BASED ON OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ERROR FUNCTION

Based on the output-voltage error function, a novel time discrete modulation technique is proposed for matrix converters （MCs） and time-discrete difference equations of a MC circuit are derived. Switch states of MC are obtained when the output voltage error function is minimized, thus the optimum combination of switch states is derived for the closed-loop control of MC. Meanwhile, advantages of the least calculation workload, the simple process, and the convenient for implementation are brought while switch states are described as space vectors in the α-β coordination system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the time-discrete modulation technique and the feasibility of the control approach.

一种面向储能系统的双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器控制策略

为了满足网侧高电能质量以及储能元件安全可靠和长使用寿命的需求,本文针对双向隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器提出了一套系统的控制策略,包括对系统的双闭环控制和变换器的后级单重移相调制方法。其中双闭环控制包含网侧电流内环控制和直流侧电流外环控制,调制方法中保持前后级电路间协调同步,前级电路采用双线电压调制方式,后级电路采用等比例移相调制方式。仿真和实验结果显示,变换器的网侧功率因数可达0.99,直流侧电压纹波在0.15%以内。直流侧电流指令突变时,电流跟踪速度快且无超调。因此,采用所提出的控制策略可以保证网侧电能质量高、直流侧具有良好的动静态特性。

一种面向高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器的高频变压器绕组优化设计方法

针对高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器中高频变压器绕组损耗大的问题,提出了一种高频变压器绕组优化设计方法,该方法首先建立了漏感模型和绕组损耗模型,并基于模型合理选择关键参数作为优化参数,应用有约束的多目标遗传优化算法对关键参数进行寻优,最后得到一套高频变压器绕组的优化设计方案。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法与传统面积乘积法(AP)法相比,绕组损耗可降低10%以上,变换器整机效率最高提升了1.07%,由此证明,该变压器绕组优化设计方法可以通过降低高频变压器的绕组损耗,达到降低高频链AC-DC矩阵变换器损耗、提升变换器整体效率的目的。

Convexification of Hybrid AC-DC Optimal Power Flow with Line-Commutated Converters

Line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high-voltage DC (HVDC) systems have been integrated with bulk AC power grids for interregional transmission of renewable power. The nonlinear LCC model brings additional nonconvexity to optimal power flow (OPF) of hybrid AC-DC power grids. A convexification method for the LCC station model could address such nonconvexity but has rarely been discussed. We devise an equivalent reformulation for classical LCC station models that facilitates second-order cone convex relaxation for the OPF of LCC-based AC-DC power grids. We also propose sufficient conditions for exactness of convex relaxation with its proof. Equivalence of the proposed LCC station models and properties, exactness, and effectiveness of convex relaxation are verified using four numerical simulations. Simulation results demonstrate a globally optimal solution of the original OPF can be efficiently obtained from relaxed model.

隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器最小电流应力控制方法

针对隔离型AC-DC矩阵变换器降低功率器件成本、提高效率和抑制电磁干扰等需求,提出了一种基于零矢量嵌入的移相策略的最小电流应力控制方法。基于移相策略深入研究了影响变换器电流应力的关键因素。建立了三维(3D)功率模型,从中求取等功率分布线,通过引入功率约束条件以及移相角范围,对电流应力在限定条件下采用序列二次寻优方法进行最小化寻优,得到使电流应力最小的最优移相比。仿真和实验结果表明,基于零矢量调制的移相调制策略可以实现前后级电路的协调控制,功率因数在0.96左右,直流侧输出电压和电流稳定且纹波小。因此,采用所提控制方法,在保证网侧和直流侧的基本性能的同时,实现了对变换器电流应力的最小化。

Model Predictive Control-Based Direct Torque Control for Matrix Converter-Fed Induction Motor with Reduced Torque Ripple

To reduce the torque ripple in motors resulting from the use of conventional direct torque control(DTC),a model predictive control(MPC)-based DTC strategy for a direct matrix converter-fed induction motor is proposed in this paper.Two new look-up tables are proposed,these are derived on the basis of the control of the electromagnetic torque and stator flux using all the feasible voltage vectors and their associated switching states.Finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)has then been adopted to select the optimal switching state that minimizes the cost function related to the electromagnetic torque.Finally,the experimental results are shown to verify the reduced torque ripple performance of the proposed MPC-based DTC method.

Comparison of Properties of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Converting Enzyme (TACE) and Some Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) in Catalytic Domains

The crystal structural data of TACE, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were obtained from PDB database, and then their catalytic domains＇ properties including conformation, molecular surface hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential were analyzed and compared by using Insight II molecular modeling software. It was found that the conformation and molecular surface hydrophobicity of catalytic domains of TACE and MMPs were not obviously different, but the molecular surface electrostatic potential of catalytic domain of TACE＇ and MMPs had obvious differences. The findings are helpful in the Rational Drug Design of TACE selective inhibitor.

A Novel Topology of Single-Phase AC-DC Integrated Boost-SEPIC (IBS) Converter Using Common Part Sharing Method (CPSM) for High Step-Up Applications

A novel topology of Integrated Boost-SEPIC (IBS) AC-DC converter using common part sharing method (CPSM) has been proposed in this paper. Conventional boost converters with bridge rectifier configuration are inefficient due to limited voltage step-up ratio which may not be applicable for high step-up applications as in the case of micro generators. The proposed IBS topology is based on the common part sharing method capable of operating both for positive and negative half cycle of the input signal. Result and simulation were conducted using PSIM environment. The proposed AC-DC IBS topology eliminates the requirement of bridge rectifier achieving high efficiency (about 99%), improved power factor (0.75, leading) and lower THD (about 38.8%) which is within IEEE standard.

Model predictive torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor system driven by matrix converter

Employing matrix converter （MC） as driving mode, the strategy of model predictive torque control （MPTC） is proposed for three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM） system. MC is applied instead of conventional AC DC AC converter to increase the power factor （PF） of the system input side. MPTC is used to select optimal voltage space vector to enable the system to have satisfactory torque and flux control effect. The resultant MPTC strategy not only makes the MC fed PMSM system operate reliably and have perfect control performance, but also makes the PF of the system input side be 1. Compared with direct torque control （DTC）, the proposed MPTC strategy guarantees that MC fed PMSM has better command following characteristics in the presence of variation of load torque and tracking reference speed. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

High Performance Control of Matrix Converter Fed Induction Motor Drive System

Matrix converter fed motor drive is superior to pulse width modulation inverter drives since it not only provides bi-directional power flow,sinusoidal input/output currents,unity input power factor,but also allows a compact design due to the lack of DC-link capacitors for energy storage.In this paper,model and control of matrix converter fed induction motor drive system are analyzed.A combined control strategy is simplified and improved,which realizes space vector pulse width modulation of matrix converter and rotor flux oriented vector control technique for induction motor drive simultaneously.This control strategy combines the advantages of matrix converter with the good drive performance of vector control technique.Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

Research of matrix converter based on asymmetric regular sampling method SPWM control strategy

Based on the topological analysis of three-phase matrix AC to AC conversion circuit, an AC to AC nine-switch matrix isequivalent to rectification part and conversion part. The Matrix converter can be viewed as AC-DC-AC converter, the asymmetricregular sampling method SPWM(Sine Pulse Width Modulation) is studied and applied in the three-phase matrix AC to AC converter,Based on Matlab/simulink the simulation of the matrix converter with such strategy is carried out. Inductive load simulation is carriedout on the matrix converter prototype. The simulation results verify the workability of the asymmetric regular sampling method SPWMstrategy for matrix converter.