N-alkylamide profiling of Achillea ptarmica and Achillea millefolium extracts by liquid and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Achillea millefolium and Achillea ptarmica are both plants belonging to the Asteracea family and are traditionally used for their medicinal properties. It has already been shown that some N-alkylamides(NAAs)are responsible for these pharmacological actions. Therefore, in the present study, the NAA content of the two plants was analytically characterised. Different extracts were prepared from the roots, the leaves, the stems and the flowers. The structures of NAAs have been assigned in ethanolic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Achillea ptarmica using high performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionisation – mass spectrometry(HPLC–ESI–MS) and gas chromatography – electron impact – mass spectrometry(GC–EI–MS). Using both analytical techniques, the structures of 14 and 15 NAAs have been assigned in Achillea ptarmica and Achillea millefolium, respectively. Structures of two new NAAs, previously never observed in Achillea ptarmica,were assigned: deca-2E,6Z,8E-trienoic acid 2-methylbutylamide(homospilanthol) or a related isomeric compound and deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid N-methyl isobutylamide. The structure of homospilanthol or a related isomeric compound was also assigned in Achillea millefolium for the first time.

Biochemical,Enzymatic,and Immunological Study on Antimutagenic Achillea millefolium Methanolic Extract in vivo

Traditionally medicinal plants are used for its potential chemotherapeutic action and for safety upon the continued use of these plants.Achillea millefolium(AM)is an ancient herb which is used to treat wounds,headaches,disorder in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary,pain,and inflammation.This study was aimed to investigate the biochemical parameter of antimutagenic methanolic extract for AM in vivo.Plant extract together with MTX decreased the damage caused by the drug on the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides(160.3±2.26 and 108.7±2.71),significant increase in total protein concentration(8.51±0.17,9.46±0.19 and 10.8±2.71 g\dL)for 100 and 200 mg\kg was observed.Also plant extracts counteract the damage caused by drug through the reduction for both creatinin and albumin concentrations to 1.57±0.03 mg\dL and 4.56±0.09 g\dL,respectively.On enzymatic level,the results of interactions indicated the ability of plant to modulating harmful effects of the drug(57.1±1.3,130±3.1 and 111.1±2.1 U\L)for GOT,GPT and ALP,respectively.On the other hand,the plant possesses the ability to enhance the concentrations of all immunoglobulin(IgM,IgA and IgG)in the two doses tested.Therefore,the results of this study indicate the antimutagenic potential of AM extract and encouraging its consumption with MTX as one of the promising therapies.

Achillea fragrantissima,rich in flavonoids and tannins,potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats

Objective:To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima(meth)(A.fragrantissima) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate(DA) against Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected rats.Methods:Sixty adult male Wister albino rats were divided equally into 6 groups(A-F).Rats in groups A-E were experimentally infected with T.evansi and those in group F were uninfected.The groups were treated respectively as follows:group A- with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B- with 1 000 mg/kg meth,A.fragrantissima;group C-3.5mg/kg DA plus 500 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima;group D-3.5 mg/kg DA plus 1 000 mg/kg meth A.fragrantissima.Group E was left untreated.Parasitaemia,survivability,packed cell volume,hemoglobin concentration,total leucocytes count,lymphocyte count,and serum malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were estimated.Phytochemical screening of meth A.fragrantissima was also performed.Results:The phytochemical analysis of the meth A.fragrantissima indicated a higher content from polyphenols tannins and non tannins and flavonoids.The efficacy percentage against trypanosomiasis in groups A to E was respectively as follows 80,40,90.100,0.The administration of meth-A.fragrantissima(1000)mg/kg b.wt.) produced a moderate efficacy against trypanosomiasis.Untreated rats in group E died between 25 and 30 d post infection.The rats given DA and meth A.fragrantissima combinations(C and D) showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and groups A and B.The initial reduction in packed cell volume,hemoglobin,total leucocytes count,increases in serum malondialdehyde and decreases in GSH levels were reversed by the treatments.C onclusions:The administration of the methanol extracts of A.fragrantissima and DA combination therapy was more effective than each product alone in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and further studies are required to isolate more active ingredients.

Vegetation Analysis and Soil Characteristics on Two Species of Genus <i>Achillea</i>Growing in Egyptian Desert

The present study provides a vegetation analysis and species distribution at 50 sites, emphasizing the environmental factors that affect species distribution. A total of 74 plant species belonging to 67 genera and related to 23 families of vascular plants are recorded. Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Zygophyllaceae are the largest families, and therophytes (41.89) and chamaephytes (24.32%) are the most frequent, indicating a typical desert life-form spectrum. Chorological analysis revealed that 25 of the studied species were Mediterranean taxa, Saharo-Sindian chorotypes, either pure or penetrated into other regions, comprised 47 species. After application of the TWINSPAN and DCA programs, 4 vegetation groups (A-D) were identified, groups A and B were dominated by Achillea santolina, group C was codominated by Zygophyllm coccinum and Launaea spinosa and group D was dominated by Leptadenia pyrotechnica. Groups A and B may represent the vegetation types of the Western Mediterranean coast of Egypt, while groups C and D may represent the Wadi Hagul. The linear correlation of soil variables with the importance values of some dominant species and the application of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA-biplot) indicates significant associations between the floristic composition of the studied area and the edaphic factors such as electrical conductivity, pH, calcium carbonate, sulphates, bicarbonate, cations (Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++) and PAR.

Biological activities of the hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of <i>Achillea fragrantissima</i>(Forssk.) grown in Jordan

Aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea fragrantissima L. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan were screened for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, anti-proliferative and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition efficacy. Total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The radical scavenging activities were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLCMS) analysis resulted in the identification of 7 phenolic compounds in the hydro-alcoholic extract and 4 compounds in the aqueous extract;quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside was the main component for both extracts. Antimicrobial activities were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing such as agar well-diffusion method, minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to hydro-alcoholic extract in the agar-well diffusion test. No significant activity was observed against gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Hydro-alcoholic extract had a bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus at high concentrations (MIC 12.5 mg/ml) rather than inhibitory effect. In vitro antiplatelet activity was tested on human whole blood using an electrical impedance method. At concentrations (50, 100, and 200 μg/ml), no effect on platelet aggregation was noticed. Anti-proliferative activity was investigated using the MTT assay. At concentrations up to 200 μg/ml, extracts did not possess cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cells. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity of A. fragrantissima extracts was tested using TLC assay method, and neither aqueous, nor hydroalcoholic extracts showed AChE inhibition. The present investigation supported the traditional use of A. fragrantissima in the Jordanian folk medicine as an antimicrobial active representative of the genus Achillea. A. fragrantissima extracts should be further studied for their potential use in preventing/treating diseases in which oxidative stress is a part of the pathophysiology.

2,3-Seco and 3-nor guaianolides from Achillea alpina with antidiabetic activity

In this study,we presented the isolation and characterization of eight novel seco-guaianolide sesquiterpenoids(1-8)and two known guaianolide derivatives(9 and 10),from the aerial part of Achillea alpina L..Compounds 1-3 were identified as guaianolides bearing an oxygen insertion at the 2,3 position,while compounds 4-8 belonged to a group of special 3-nor guaianolide sesquiterpenoids.The structural elucidation of 1-8,including their absolute configurations,were accomplished by a combination of spectroscopic data analysis and quantum electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.To evaluate the potential antidiabetic activity of compounds 1-10,we investigated their effects on glucose consumption in palmitic acid(PA)-mediated HepG2-insulin resistance(IR)cells.Among the tested compounds,compound 7 demonstrated the most pronounced ability to reverse IR.Moreover,a mechanistic investigation revealed that compound 7 exerted its antidiabetic effect by reducing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β,which was achieved through the suppression of the NLRP3 pathway.

基于指纹图谱、多指标定量和网络药理学的蓍草质量标志物预测分析

目的:采用指纹图谱和网络药理学的方法,分析预测蓍草的潜在中药质量标志物(Q-Marker)。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立蓍草的指纹图谱,对21批蓍草进行相似度评价并对共有峰进行指认和归属,再运用网络药理学方法,构建“成分-靶点-通路”网络图,分析预测蓍草的Q-Marker,并测定其含量。结果:建立了21批蓍草的指纹图谱,相似度均大于0.910,确认了13个共有峰,通过对照品比对指认出6个色谱峰并测定其含量,6个峰分别为绿原酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸C、百蕊草素Ⅱ和3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸。经网络药理学分析筛选出发挥抗炎、抗菌作用的绿原酸、百蕊草素Ⅱ和3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸3个活性成分,38个核心靶点和20条关键通路。初步预测绿原酸、百蕊草素Ⅱ和3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎宁酸可作为蓍草潜在的Q-Marker。结论:预测分析得到的蓍草QMarker,为蓍草药材质量控制提供一定参考,为后续其药效物质基础及作用机制研究奠定基础。

Evaluation of dietary addition of 2 essential oils from Achillea moschata,or their components (bornyl acetate,camphor,and eucalyptol) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition

This study investigated the effects of 2 Achillea moschata essential oils extracted from plants collected in 2 different valleys of the Italian Alps and 3 pure compounds of oils—bornyl acetate(BOR),camphor(CAM),and eucalyptol(EUCA)—on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota.An in vitro batch fermentation experiment(Exp.1)tested the addition of all of the substances(2 essential oils and 3 compounds)in fermentation bottles(120 mL)at 48 h of incubation,whereas a subsequent in vitro continuous culture experiment(Exp.2)evaluated the pure compounds added to the fermenters(2 L)for a longer incubation period(9 d).In both experiments,total mixed rations were incubated with the additives,and samples without additives were included as the control(CTR).Each treatment was tested in duplicate and was repeated in 3 and 2 fermentation runs in Exp.1 and 2,respectively.Gas production(GP)in Exp.1 was similar for all of the treatments,and short chain volatile fatty acid(SCFA)production was similar in both experiments except for a decrease of SCFA produced(P=0.029)due to EUCA addition in Exp.2.Compared to CTR,BOR and CAM reduced the valerate proportion(P=0.04)in Exp.1,and increased(P<0.01)the acetate proportion in Exp.2.All treatments increased(P<0.01)total protozoa counts(+36.7%and+48.4%compared to CTR on average for Exp.1 and 2,respectively).In Exp.1,all of the treatments lowered the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and increased the Proteobacteria relative abundances(P<0.05),whereas in Exp.2,the EUCA addition increased(P=0.012)the Ruminococcus.In Exp.1,methane(CH4)as a proportion of the GP was lowered(P=0.004)by the addition of CAM and EUCA compared to CTR,whereas in Exp.2,EUCA reduced the amount of stoichiometrically calculated CH4 compared to CTR.Overall,essential oils extracted from A.moschata and the pure compounds did not depress in vitro rumen fermentation,except for EUCA in Exp.2.In both experiments,an increase of the protozoal population occurred for all the additives.

云南蓍地上部分化学成分分离与结构鉴定

针对药用植物云南蓍的化学成分进行分离与结构鉴定,采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶(Rp-C18)、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)、MCI以及RP-HPLC色谱等几种分离手段,对该药用植物地上部分的90%乙醇提取浸膏进行分离纯化,依据现代波谱方法(核磁共振NMR、质谱MS)以及理化性质对分离得到的单体化合物的结构进行确定。最终从该植物中分离并鉴定了9个单体化合物,结构分别为matricarin(1)、3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide(2)、黑麦草内酯(3)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酮(4)、2-苯基乙酰胺(5)、sylvamide(6)、5-羟甲基呋喃甲醛(7)、6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素(8)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(9)。这些化合物中,化合物1~8为首次从该植物中分离得到。

基于网络药理学和UPLC-Q-TOF/MS结合动物实验探究蓍草预防急性肝损伤的作用机制

目的 通过UPLC-Q-TOF/MS定性分析和网络药理学预测并结合动物实验验证初步探究蓍草保护急性肝损伤(ALI)大鼠肝脏的作用机制。方法 采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS法鉴定蓍草中的化学成分,利用TCMSP、CTD和Similarity Ensemble Approach等数据库筛选这些成分的作用靶点,同时在GeneCards、OMIM和NCBI数据库筛选ALI相关靶点,将成分作用靶点与疾病靶点的交集靶点导入STRING构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并使用Cytoscape3.8.2软件进行网络拓扑分析筛选核心靶点,通过DAVID数据库对关键靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析。通过肝组织HE染色,大鼠血清中肝功能指标、炎症因子水平以及肝组织中氧化应激水平的测定对蓍草防治ALI的药效进行评价,并利用免疫组化的方法对预测的核心靶点及KEGG富集通路结果进行验证。结果 经UPLC-Q-TOF/MS法鉴定出20个成分,网络药理学方法筛选得到上述成分预防治疗ALI的核心靶点104个,GO功能主要与炎症反应、氧化还原酶活性和蛋白酶结合等生物过程相关,KEGG结果主要涉及IL-17、TNF及Toll样受体等信号通路;动物实验结果显示,蓍草预防性给药后能够缓解大鼠肝脏的损伤,显著降低模型组大鼠血清中ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平和肝组织中MDA的含量,且SOD和CAT在肝组织中的活性显著增强;此外还发现蓍草给药后可上调大鼠肝脏组织中Nfr2蛋白的表达,下调TLR-4、NF-κBp65、keap1和HO-1蛋白的表达。结论 蓍草对四氯化碳诱导的ALI大鼠肝脏具有保护作用,该作用可能与其调节keap1/Nrf2/HO-1和Toll样受体信号通路有关。

基于网络药理学和实验验证研究蓍草解毒利湿功效的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学与分子对接及体外活性实验探究蓍草解毒利湿功效的作用机制。方法:通过文献查找蓍草的活性成分,使用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)筛选蓍草的活性成分,通过TCMSP、GeneCards和比较毒物基因组学数据库(CTD)等数据库检索活性成分作用靶点与疾病作用靶点。将成分作用靶点与疾病作用靶点的共有靶点构建“成分-靶点”网络及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,同时进行基因本体(GO)富集分析及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路分析,最后构建“中药-成分-靶点-通路-疾病-功效”网络图,并进行网络拓扑分析筛选出蓍草干预疾病的活性成分和核心靶点,并通过分子对接和体外实验探究活性成分。结果:蓍草发挥传统功效的活性成分26个和相关靶点247个。网络拓扑分析发现,蓍草主要通过作用前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶(PTGS2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶3(MAPK3)等靶点及相关通路发挥功效作用。分子对接结果显示活性成分与PTGS2、TNF、CASP3等核心靶点均能稳定结合。体外活性实验结果显示绿原酸、芒柄花素等成分均具有良好的抗炎活性。结论:本研究基于蓍草“解毒利湿”的传统功效,针对其治疗扁桃体炎、细菌性痢疾、尿道炎展开研究,结果显示蓍草可能通过绿原酸、芒柄花素等成分作用多个靶点和通路干预疾病发生发展过程,为阐释蓍草发挥功效的作用机制提供参考。

土一枝蒿药材指纹图谱和含量测定研究

目的研究土一枝蒿药材的指纹图谱和相关成分含量测定方法。方法参照2020年版《中国药典(四部)》测定药材样品的水分、总灰分、水溶性浸出物含量;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定药材样品中3个成分的含量,色谱柱为CAPCELL PAK C18MGⅡ(S-5)柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为0.7mL/min,检测波长为365 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。建立10批药材样品的HPLC指纹图谱,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012年130723版)进行相似度评价,确定共有峰。结果10批药材样品的HPLC图谱有14个共有峰,相似度为0.941~0.997,确认的3个成分分别为异荭草素、异牡荆苷、槲皮素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,其质量浓度分别在12.55~200.82μg/mL(r=0.9999)、7.20~115.28μg/mL(r=0.9995)、6.14~98.20μg/mL(r=0.9998)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于3.0%;平均加样回收率分别为97.92%,101.37%,103.92%,RSD分别为1.38%,2.33%,1.26%(n=6)。10批药材样品中上述3个成分的平均含量分别为1.4210,0.4220,0.2834mg/g;水分含量为10.15%~12.23%,总灰分含量为5.24%~13.29%,水溶性浸出物含量为7.37%~11.54%。结论所建标准可用于土一枝蒿药材的质量控制。

云南蓍的黄酮类成分及其体外抗炎活性研究

目的:研究云南蓍Achillea wilsoniana Heimerl ex Hand.-Mazz.的黄酮类化学成分及其体外抗炎活性。方法:采用多种色谱技术对云南蓍70%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,并根据化合物的理化性质与波谱数据进行结构鉴定。采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW 264.7体外炎症模型测定化合物对一氧化氮(NO)释放的抑制作用。结果:从云南蓍中分离得到22个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为:木犀草素(1)、hydnocarpin(2)、槲皮素(3)、异荭草素(4)、quercetin-3-O-α-arabinopyranosyl(1→6″)-β-glucopyranoside(5)、芦丁(6)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(7)、异金雀花素(8)、异鼠李素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、异槲皮苷(10)、蒿黄素(11)、槲皮素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、异牡荆苷(13)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)、苜蓿素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16)、芹菜素(17)、异鼠李素(18)、casticin(19)、槲皮苷(20)、泽兰黄素(21)、vitexin(22)。体外抗炎实验结果表明,化合物1、3、11、13~15、17、19和21对LPS诱导的RAW 264.7细胞NO生成具有一定的抑制活性。结论:其中,化合物1、3~7、10、11、13~15、17~19、21、22为首次从云南蓍中分离得到,化合物2、8、9、12、16、20为首次从蓍属植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、11、13~15、17、19、21具有一定的抗炎活性。

土一枝蒿化学成分及其抗炎活性

目的研究土一枝蒿Achillea wilsoniana Heimerl ex Hand.-Mazz.化学成分及其抗炎活性。方法土一枝蒿70%乙醇提取物采用D101大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS、Toyopearl HW-40F进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。以LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW 264.7)炎症模型评价其抗炎活性。结果从中分离得到22个化合物,分别鉴定为isoarborinol(1)、phytol(2)、对苯二酚(3)、咖啡酸乙酯(4)、vanillic acid(5)、原儿茶醛(6)、丁香酸(7)、异秦皮定(8)、咖啡酸甲酯(9)、(-)-芝麻素(10)、sesaminone(11)、(1 R,2S,5R,6S)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-methylene-dioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane(12)、(1 R,2S,5R,6S)-2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane(13)、linderin A(14)、咖啡酸(15)、esculetin(16)、(+)-丁香脂素(17)、β-胡萝卜苷(18)、6-O-咖啡酸葡萄糖酯(19)、eleutheroside B1(20)、隐绿原酸(21)、5-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯(22)。化合物3~4、6~7、9、13、15~17对LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞释放的NO水平具有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制率分别为(78.17±1.23)%、(73.60±2.11)%、(63.47±2.50)%、(59.89±3.94)%、(75.38±0.97)%、(80.35±3.03)%、(61.61±1.46)%、(66.13±2.59)%、(78.48±2.46)%。结论化合物1、6~9、11~14、19为首次从蓍属植物中分离得到,化合物2~5、15~17、20~22为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物3~4、6~7、9、13、15~17具有一定的抗炎活性,化合物3~4抗炎活性最强。

高山蓍中的萜类成分及其降糖活性研究

研究高山蓍Achillea alpina L.全草中萜类成分及其降糖活性。采用ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和pre-HPLC等方法分离纯化,采用NMR、MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。从高山蓍的二氯甲烷部位中分离纯化得到13个单体化合物,分别是[3S-[3α,3aα,4α(Z),6α,6aα,9α,9aα,9bβ]],2-butenoic acid,2-methyl-2,3,3a,4,5,6,6a,9,9a,9b-decahydro-6,6a,9-trihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxoazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester(1)、10β-hydroxyisodauc-6-en-14-al(2)、isodauc-6-ene-10β,14-diol(3)、aphanamol II(4)、ent-4(15)-eudesmene-1β,6α-diol(5)、12-羟基-α-香附酮(6)、1β-羟基-α-香附酮(7)、(E)-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene-3,5-diol(8)、2,6,10-trimethyl-3,6,11-dodecatriene-2,8,10-triol(9)、黑麦草内酯(10)、8-hydroxyphellandral(11)、(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(12)、saniculamoid D(13)。化合物1~4、6、8和10~13为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物5、7和9为首次从植物高山蓍中分离得到。将化合物1~13在棕榈酸诱导的HepG2胰岛素抵抗细胞模型上进行细胞耗糖量的活性筛选,结果显示化合物5、9和10(50μmol/L)具有良好的逆转胰岛素抵抗活性。

蓍草组织培养的研究

以MS和 8114为基本培养基 ,通过调整激素种类与浓度等培养条件 ,按正交实验设计的原则 ,摸索出建立蓍草组织培养体系的最佳条件 :愈伤诱导最佳培养基为 8114+6BA1.0 +NAA1.0 +ZT1.0 ;最佳分化培养基为 8114+6BA4.0 +NAA0 .2 +ZT1.0 ;最佳生根培养基是 1/2MS0 +0 .1NAA .

菊科蓍属10种植物花粉的形态学研究

目的 :研究 10种蓍属Achillea植物的花粉形态。方法 :对 10种植物的花粉进行了光镜 (LM)和扫描电镜 (SEM)的观察。结果 :蓍属 10种植物的花粉均为近球形 ,萌发孔为三孔沟 ,表面具瘤状 刺状 穴状纹饰。但在花粉大小、萌发沟形态和表面纹饰等方面仍有区别。结论 :蓍属 10种植物的花粉在形态上存在细微的种间差异。

蓍草提取物预防慢性肝损伤、肝纤维化的实验研究

背景与目的:研究蓍草提取物对大鼠实验性慢性肝损伤、肝纤维化的预防作用,并探讨其作用机制。材料与方法:采用40%CCl4皮下注射制备肝纤维化大鼠模型,分别用3种不同浓度的蓍草提取物进行干预,观察检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和肝组织病理学变化。结果:蓍草提取物预防给药能降低CCl4所致大鼠血清中异常增高的ALT、AST含量,光镜下观察肝纤维化模型组大鼠肝细胞严重变性、坏死,胶原纤维明显增加,蓍草预防各组大鼠肝细胞病理损伤得到明显改善。结论:蓍草提取物对大鼠实验性肝损伤具有一定程度的预防作用和抗肝纤维化作用。