表面活性剂Tween-80对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans硫氧化和硫代谢相关蛋白质基因表达的影响(英文)

研究了表面活性剂 Tween-80 对 Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 生长、硫氧化和硫代谢相关典型基因表达的影响。结果表明,当培养基中含有 10 2g/L Tween-80 时,A. ferrooxidans 的生长以及其对不溶性底物(S0和 CuFeS2)的代谢得到了促进。在该条件下,经过 24 d 的生物浸出,黄铜矿的铜离子浸出率比对照组(不含 Tween-80)高 16%。FT-IR 光谱分析表明,这可能是由于 Tween-80 的存在而导致胞外多聚物成分发生变化而引起的。用 RT-qPCR 来分析 17 个硫代谢相关基因在 Tween-80 存在时的表达差异。胞外蛋白质基因表达下调表明了Tween-80 对细菌硫吸附作用的影响。硫代谢相关酶基因表达水平的变化为硫代谢的研究提供了参考。

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans适应底物后对两种不同形态单质硫(α-S_8和μ-S)的利用和硫形态转化（英文）

研究典型中温嗜酸菌株Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270对两种不同形态单质硫(α-S8和μ-S)的利用和硫形态转化。A.ferrooxidans分别在α-S8或者μ-S中培养以适应能源底物。A.ferrooxidans在这两种单质硫中的生长和硫氧化行为的结果表明,A.ferrooxidans在α-S8中生长时比在μ-S中生长晚1 d进入对数期,但是A.ferrooxidans在α-S8中生长时在对数期生长较快且培养液具有较高的细胞浓度和较低的p H值。经过A.ferrooxidans的培养,这两种单质硫都被明显腐蚀和细胞修饰。此外,经过A.ferrooxidans的生长,无定型态的μ-S表面组分变为63.1%μ-S和36.9%α-S8,正交晶系的α-S8表面组分变为68.3%α-S8和31.7%μ-S;而无菌对照组μ-S和α-S8表面组分都没有变化,表明这两种不同形态的单质硫在A.ferrooxidans的作用下发生了相互转化。

Acidiphilium cryptum对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans生物溶解磷矿的作用(英文)

比较了嗜酸自养菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans、嗜酸异养菌Acidiphilium cryptum、At.ferrooxidans和A.cryptum的混合菌在9K基体盐培养基中对黄铁矿的生物浸出以及磷矿的生物溶解。结果表明,虽然A.cryptum自身不能氧化黄铁矿和溶解磷矿,但能有效促进At.ferrooxidans对黄铁矿的生物浸出以及磷矿的生物溶解。这种促进效应可通过A.cryptum促进At.ferrooxidans生物浸出黄铁矿体系中pH的降低以及氧化还原电位、总铁浓度和浮游细菌数目的升高的实验结果来证明。At.ferrooxidans和A.cryptum的混合菌液在30°C条件下溶解磷矿时可最大程度地释放其中的可溶性磷。矿浆浓度大于3%时会给At.ferrooxidans和A.cryptum的混合菌液释放可溶性磷带来不利影响。在9K基体盐培养基中添加黄铁矿对At.ferrooxidans和A.cryptum的混合菌液溶解磷矿是很有必要的,且磷矿和黄铁矿的质量比为1:2或1:3时可溶性磷浸出率较高。

固定化Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对Fe^(2+)氧化及其生物反应器研究进展

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对Fe2+的生物氧化是一个非常重要的反应过程,在生物浸矿、H2S等废气的脱硫、含重金属污泥和酸性矿坑废水的处理等领域有着重要的应用。近些年来,大量的研究主要集中A.ferrooxidans及其反应过程等方面,然而,A.ferrooxidans对Fe2+的催化氧化速率缓慢和稳定性欠佳等问题仍然限制了其商业应用。因此,对A.ferrooxidans的固定化及其生物反应器研究是该技术进一步发展的关键。评述了A.ferrooxidans最新应用、存在的问题和解决办法,重点比较了目前文献中报道的各种A.ferrooxidans固定材料、方法,并对目前采用的各种固定化A.ferrooxidans生物反应系统的效率和结构等方面进行了讨论和分析。

Cu^2+胁迫对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans亚铁氧化代谢及胞外电子传递影响

为了查明Cu^2+胁迫影响Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At.ferrooxidans)亚铁氧化代谢机制,本研究设计了由低到高Cu^2+浓度(0~25 g/L)胁迫环境,利用邻菲啰啉分光光度法、实时荧光定量PCR和循环伏安法等分析手段分别探究了不同Cu^2+浓度胁迫下At.ferrooxidans亚铁氧化率、亚铁氧化电子传递链rus operon相关基因表达及胞外电子传递的响应情况。结果表明:Cu^2+胁迫浓度由0 g/L增加至25 g/L时,At.ferrooxidans菌亚铁氧化活性显著降低(25 g/L Cu^2+,对应下24 h亚铁氧化抑制率约为50%),rus operon相关基因表达显著下调(尤其是细胞内膜蛋白编码基因Cyc1和细胞色素c氧化酶编码基因CoxBACD分别下调12.4倍和4~6倍),Fe2+氧化胞外传递电子能力也降低(循环伏安曲线还原峰值29.0μA(对照组,0 g/L Cu^2+)和26.5μA(25 g/L Cu^2+))。综上所述,高浓度Cu^2+胁迫引起At.ferrooxidans菌亚铁氧化代谢Rus operon相关基因表达显著下调,造成胞外电子传递速率降低,最终导致At.ferrooxidans菌亚铁氧化率降低。

Catalytic mechanism of manganese ions and visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The bioleaching of chalcopyrite is low cost and environmentally friendly,but the leaching rate is low.To explore the mechanism of chalcopyrite bioleaching and improve its leaching rate,the effect and mechanism of manganese ions(Mn^(2+))and visible light on chalcopyrite mediated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)were discussed.Bioleaching experiments showed that when both Mn^(2+)and visible light were present,the copper extraction was 14.38%higher than that of the control system(without Mn^(2+)and visible light).Moreover,visible light and Mn^(2+)promoted the growth of A.ferrooxidans.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)analysis revealed that Mn^(2+)promoted the formation of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)on the surface of chalcopyrite,changed the morphology of A.ferrooxidans,enhanced the adsorption of bacteria on chalcopyrite surface with light illumination,and thus promoted the bioleaching of chalcopyrite.UV–vis absorbance spectra indicated that Mn^(2+)promoted the response of chalcopyrite to visible light and enhanced the catalytic effect of visible light on chalcopyrite bioleaching.Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),the relevant sulfur speciation of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching were analyzed and the results revealed that visible light and Mn^(2+)promoted chalcopyrite bioleaching by reducing the formation of passivation layer(S_(n)^(2-)/S0).Investigation into electrochemical results further indicated that Mn^(2+)and visible light improved the electrochemical activity of chalcopyrite,thus increasing the bioleaching rate.

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of cable bolts in underground coal mines:The effect of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Reports on corrosion failure of cable bolts,used in mining and civil industries,have been increasing in the past two decades.The previous studies found that pitting corrosion on the surface of a cable bolt can initiate premature failure of the bolt.In this study,the role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)bacterium in the occurrence of pitting corrosion in cable bolts was studied.Stressed coupons,made from the wires of cable bolts,were immersed in testing bottles containing groundwater collected from an underground coal mine and a mixture of A.ferrooxidans and geomaterials.It was observed that A.ferrooxidans caused pitting corrosion on the surface of cable bolts in the near-neutral environment.The presence of geomaterials slightly affected the p H of the environment;however,it did not have any significant influence on the corrosion activity of A.ferrooxidans.This study suggests that the common bacterium A.ferrooxidans found in many underground environments can be a threat to cable bolts'integrity by creating initiation points for other catastrophic failures such as stress corrosion cracking.

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans去除水中Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)机理的研究

以从粤北大宝山酸性矿山废水(AMD)分离出具有的Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.f菌)为研究对象,采用原子吸收分光光度法和X射线衍射分析技术,研究A.f菌对水中Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)的去除和钝化机理。实验结果显示,A.f菌与重金属离子共培养7 d后,其对Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)的去除率分别为18.52%、31.63%、36.05%,X射线衍射分析显示Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)与次生矿物晶体内的构晶离子Fe^(3+)间的类质同象作用不明显;A.f菌成因次生矿物对Ni^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)的吸附容量分别达130.26、74.99、78.36 mg/kg,可能与A.f菌次生高铁矿物纳米颗粒表面富含OH^-、SO_4^(2-)等高吸附能位点的强静电相互作用密切相关。

Mechanism of electro-generative-leaching of chalcopyrite-MnO_2 in presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

To clarify the role and mechanism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) in bio-electro-generative-leaching (BEGL), an experiment was made on the electro-generative leaching of chalcopyrite-MnO2 in the presence of the bacteria which grew respectively in Fe(Ⅱ) and S0 media. A dual cell system with chalcopyrite anode and MnO2 cathode was used to study the relationship between time and both of electric quantity and dissolved rate of the two minerals in BEGL. The results show that the dissolved rates for Cu2+ and Fe2+ under the action of the bacteria cultivated by S0 medium are almost 2 times faster than those by Fe(Ⅱ). And the leaching ratio for Mn2+ and the electric output increase by near 3 times. The oxidation residue of chalcopyrite was characterized by SEM and XRD, whose patterns are similar to those of raw ore in BEGL. The mechanism of anodic reaction for CuFeS2-MnO2 leaching in the presence of A. ferrooxidans cultivated by S0 medium is proposed as a successive reaction of two independent sub-processes. The first stage is the dissolution of chalcopyrite to produce Cu2+, Fe2+ and sulfur, and the second stage is bio-oxidation of sulfur, which is the control step of the process. However, dissolution of MnO2 lasts until the reaction of chalcopyrite stops or the ores exhaust in two types of leaching.

Extended-DLVO模拟不同能源适应的Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans与黄铜矿之间的相互作用

本文研究了FeSO4?7H2O、硫及黄铜矿适应的Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans分别与黄铜矿之间的相互作用。通过接触角和Zeta电位来分析细菌及矿物的表面性质,使用热力学方法和extended-DLVO理论来计算和预测细菌与矿物之间的相互作用能,监测2小时内细菌在矿物表面的吸附行为。对比细菌与矿物之间相互作用的差异来揭示细菌在矿物表面吸附的本质,为后续生物浸出创造更加有利的条件。

响应面法对Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans发酵液脱除H_2S的优化研究

目的:利用Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.f)发酵液对H2S的脱除条件进行优化。方法:在前期单因素影响脱硫率的基础上,利用Design expert软件中Box-Benhnker中心组合实验设计和响应面分析法对A.f发酵液脱除H2S的气体流量、温度和进行进一步优化。结果:获得了优化的A.f发酵液脱除H2S工艺,反应温度为31.02℃,气体流量为40.03 ml/min,H2S浓度为8.17g/m3。结论:在该条件下脱硫率达99.37%,表明响应面法可有效用于A.f发酵液脱除H2S工艺的优化。

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对软锰矿浸出的影响

利用循环伏安、交流阻抗谱和极化曲线研究了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对软锰矿在模拟浸出溶液(9K基础培养基,A. ferrooxidans,Fe(Ⅲ),A. ferrooxidans+Fe(Ⅲ))中电化学腐蚀行为的影响;利用模拟有菌/无菌浸出溶液中钝化膜的Mott-Schottky理论比较了有无细菌存在情况下形成的钝化膜的优劣性.结果表明,A. ferrooxidans促进MnO2/Mn2+氧化还原转化,催化MnO2/Mn(OH)2电极反应;加速软锰矿/溶液界面电子交换,无铁存在时A. ferrooxidans使电荷转移内阻降低34%,比含Fe(Ⅲ)无菌体系低11%;引起软锰矿电极极化,增强其氧化活性;加速MnO2向MnO·OH转化及其产物扩散. A. ferrooxidans与软锰矿作用更倾向于间接作用机理.在选取的各模拟电解液(pH值为2. 0)中,0. 2～0. 4 V区间内软锰矿形成耗尽层,在模拟浸出溶液中形成的钝化膜都表现出p-n-p-n型半导体性能.在选取的0. 2 V极化电位下,无铁时引入A. ferrooxidans使膜中的施主/受主密度减少,细菌含有多种基团参与半导体/溶液界面电子转移反应,接受界面间自由电子或填充空穴,促使软锰矿与溶液界面物质交换变频繁;含铁溶液中加入A. ferrooxidans使得钝化膜受主/施主密度增大,A. ferrooxidans降低了膜的耐腐蚀性,因而促进软锰矿浸出.

Synthesis of plant-based biogenic jarosite nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni leaf extracts and its application in Fenton degradation of dicamba

Bio-jarosite,an iron mineral synthesized biologically using bacteria,is a substitute for iron catalysts in the Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants.Iron nanocatalysts have been widely used as Fenton catalysts because they have a larger surface area than ordinary catalysts,are highly recyclable,and can be treated efficiently.This study aimed to explore the catalytic properties of bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles syn-thesized with green methods using two distinct plant species:Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni.The focus was on the degradation of dicamba via Fenton oxidation.The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited different particle size,shape,surface area,and chemical composition characteristics.Both particles were effective in removing dicamba,with removal efficiencies of 96.8%for A.indica bio-jarosite iron nano-particles(ABFeNPs)and 93.0%for E.gunni bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles(EBFeNPs)within 120 min of treatment.Increasing the catalyst dosage by 0.1 g/L resulted in 7.6%and 43.0%increases in the dicamba removal efficiency for EBFeNPs and ABFeNPs with rate constants of 0.025 min^(-1) and 0.023 min^(-1),respectively,confrming their catalytic roles.Additionally,the high efficiency of both catalysts was demonstrated through five consecutive cycles of linear pseudo-first-order Fenton oxidation reactions.

Unraveling the Acidithiobacillus caldus complete genome and its central metabolisms for carbon assimilation

Acidithiobacillus caldus is one of the dominant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in bioleaching reactors. It plays the essential role in maintaining the high acidity and oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds during bioleaching process. In this report, the complete genome sequence of A. caldus SM-1 is presented. The genome is composed of one chromosome （2,932,225 bp） and four plasmids （pLAtcl, pLAtc2, pLAtc3, pLAtcm） and it is rich in repetitive sequences （accounting for 11% of the total genome）, which are often associated with transposable genetic elements. In particular, twelve copies of ISAtfe and thirty-seven copies of ISAtcl have been identified, suggesting that they are active transposons in the genome. A. caldus SM-1 encodes all enzymes for the central metabolism and the assimilation of carbon compounds, among which 29 proteins/enzymes were identifiable with proteomic tools. The SM-1 fixes CO2 via the classical Calvin-Bassham--Benson （CBB） cycle, and can operate complete Embden-Meyerhof pathway （EMP）, pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）, and gluconeogenesis. It has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA）. Four putative transporters involved in carbohydrate uptake were identified. Taken together, the results suggested that SM-1 was able to assimilate carbohydrates and this was subsequently confirmed experimentally because addition of 1% glucose or sucrose in basic salt medium significantly increased the growth of SM-1. It was concluded that the complete genome of SM-1 provided fundamental data for further investigation of its physiology and genetics, in addition to the carbon metabolism revealed in this study.

Bio-oxidation of galena particles by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This paper deals with the bio-oxidation of galena particles （-80 meshes） using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and compares it with Fe^3＋ oxidation. Experimental results show that, at least, 0.00197 mol galena was leached from lOOmL pulp （density of 3.8%） with 39 days＇ bio-oxidation, as compared to 0.00329 mol galena by Fe^3＋ with 9 days＇ oxidation. Because Fe^3＋ was constantly consumed, leaching by Fe^3＋ almost stopped after 9 days. Large amounts of lead sulfate were detected in both bio-oxidation and Fe^3＋ oxidation of galena. A. ferrooxidans followed a unique growth pattern during the bio-oxidation of galena. In the initial 15 days, the bacteria attached themselves to the galena surface with the formation of erosion pits similar in shape and length to those of the bacteria, and there were hardly any bacteria suspended in the solution. After 15 days, suspended bacteria increased. It is thus suggested that A. ferrooxidans may directly oxidize galena.

Isolation, identification and arsenic-resistance of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans HX3 producing schwertmannite

Schwertmannite, a ubiquitous mineral present in iron oxyhydroxides formed in iron- and sulfate-rich acid media, favors incorporation of some toxic anions in its structure. We reported an iron-oxidizing bacterial strain HX3 from a municipal sludge that facilitates the formation of pure schwertmannite in cultures. Ferrous iron oxidation by the isolated strain HX3 was optimum at an initial pH of 2.0-3.3 and temperature of 28-35°C. Pure schwertmannite was found through bacterial oxidation of ferrous iron at an initial pH 2.8and temperature 28°C. Following 16 S rDNA gene sequence analysis the bacterial strain HX3 was identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The arsenic-resistance A. ferrooxidans HX3 showed the potential of environmental application in arsenic removal from the As（Ⅲ）- and iron-rich acid sulfate waters directly by As（Ⅲ） adsorption or the formation of schwertmannite in the environment.

Surface Mineralogy of Oxidized Pyrite by Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans

Sulfide oxidation by microbial activities play an important role in the release of heavy metals. An important source of contamination and formation of AMD is the heavy metals convey to soil, rivulet and groundwater. Pyrite is a commonly sulfide minerals in mine wastes, so it is vitally to prove up the microbial oxidation process.

The Weathering Effects of Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans to Cu(Ⅱ) Pollution of Fine Grained Copper Mine Tailings

China has accumulated massive fine grained copper mine tailings stocks because of the past mining activities in this area. The tailings contain a variety of heavy metals, and the mass percent of Cu, which is one of the main contaminants in tailings, is up to 0.2601% (analysis by XRF). The Cu can pollute soil and groundwater by rain leaching in the form of Cu(Ⅱ), furthermore ,the fine grained copper-ore-tailings can contaminant larger area by wind for its small granularity ( < 74 μm). The main cause of weathering of mine tailings is due to oxidative dissolution of sulfides. Microorganisms, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, play an important role in weathering. These bacteria attach to exposed to mineral surfaces by excreting extracellular polymers and oxidize the sulfide mineral. Some of these bacteria also oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+ which can chemically oxidize sulfide minerals. These reactions produce voluminous quantities of acid mine drainage and heavy metals which are harmful to the environment and human healthy. This study aims at finding the weathering effects of A. ferrooxidans to Cu(II) pollution of fine grained copper mine tailings, and our experiment applied indigenous A. ferrooxidans FJ-01 to leach the tailings. The optimum test parameters were obtained using shaking flask experiment and SEM observation under the following experimental conditions: 39 days residence time, pulp density 1%-15% (1%, 5% and 15%), 30℃, 120 rpm, pH between 1-3 and redox potential between 400-650 mV. The test results show that the leaching rate of Cu reached 43.1% when the pulp density was 1% after 33 days and kept invariant till the end of the test. In addition, the leaching rate of Cu will decrease as the increase of pulp density, and the maximum rate of 15% pulp density was only 12.5%. From the SEM, it can be seen that the fine grain of tailings flocculated to conglobation under the action of bacterial leaching.

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌与硫化物矿石相互作用的实验研究

实验研究了嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A.f)与硫化物矿石之间的相互作用,以观察不同矿石矿物发生微生物氧化和形成次生矿物的差异。采用ICP-OES分析了反应前后溶液成分变化,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段研究了矿石表面形貌的变化和沉淀物的矿物组成。分析结果表明,A.f对同一矿石中不同矿物作用强度存在明显差异,方铅矿、闪锌矿发生强烈氧化分解,而与黄铁矿的相互作用则较弱。这种差异可能与矿物晶体结构有关,在多种矿物并存的情况下,可能发生了原电池反应,作为阴极的黄铁矿受到保护,而作为阳极的闪锌矿、方铅矿的氧化作用得到促进,总体上表现为A.f对矿石硫化矿物的选择性作用。

微波预处理和微生物联合煤炭脱硫技术初探

将微波技术应用于微生物法煤炭脱硫,研究了煤粉粒径、煤浆浓度、初始pH值、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidi-thiobacillus ferrooxidans)接种量、微波辐照时间、脱硫周期等因素对微波预处理和微生物联合脱硫效果的影响,同时以单纯Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans煤炭脱硫作对照。在煤样粒径为200目(<0.074 mm)、煤浆浓度为10%、初始pH为2.5、菌体接种量为10%、微波辐照时间3 min、脱硫周期4 d、温度30℃、摇床转速为160 r/min条件下,微波预处理和微生物联合作用对煤炭中全硫的脱除率可达51.3%。该结果表明,微波预处理和微生物联合煤炭脱硫技术可以大大缩短微生物脱硫周期,该研究结果可为开发新脱硫工艺提供参考。