Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. （P acinosa） is a recently discovered manganese hyperaccumulator plant from southern China. It is a good candidate for phytoremediation of manganese（Mn） polluted soil for its high biomass a...Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. （P acinosa） is a recently discovered manganese hyperaccumulator plant from southern China. It is a good candidate for phytoremediation of manganese（Mn） polluted soil for its high biomass and fast growth. Knowledge of the tissue localization and identification of heavy metals can provide essential information on metal toxicity and bioaccumulation mechanisms. Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy （SRXRF） microprobe was used in this study to investigate the cellular distributions of Mn and other elements in root, stem, leaf, petiole and midrib of P. acinosa. The highest Mn content was found in the vascular tissues of root, stem, petiole and midrib. Cortex in root played a key role in Mn absorption and Mn was limited in the vascular bundle during the process of transportation in stem. Moreover, Mn content in leaf epidermis was higher than that in mesophyll, which suggested that the sequestration of Mn in leaf epidermis might be one of the detoxification mechanisms of P. acinosa. The significance of other elemental （such as P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu） distribution patterns and the correlation with Mn were also discussed.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to obtain Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids and provide high-efficiency raw materials for the preparation of biological pesticides. [Method] Terminal bud growing points of Phytolacca a...[ Objective ] This study aimed to obtain Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids and provide high-efficiency raw materials for the preparation of biological pesticides. [Method] Terminal bud growing points of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. seedlings were treated with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% colchicine and 1% agar solution for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, while Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. without treatment was adopted as the control. The mutagenic effect of various concentrations of colchicine was calculated. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants were identified using morphological, anatomical and cytological methods. [ Result] Induction with 0. 2% colchicine for 48 h led to the highest mntagenic effect. Compared with the control, leaf width and leaf thickness of mutants were enhanced by 40. 15% and 33. 25%, respectively; vertical and horizontal diameter of stomata of mutants were enhanced by 30.25% and 60.82%, respectively ; the stomata density of mutants was improved by 150%. Identification of meiotic chromosome of pollen mother cells using compression method showed that the chromosome number of microspore cells of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants was n = 2 x = 36, while that of the control was n = x = 18, indicating that the mutants were tetraploids. [ Conclusion ] Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids were induced using the traditional liquid droplet method, which was easy and direct with simple operation and good effect to acquire a large number of polyploid materials within a short time.展开更多
The in vivo effects of Phytolacca acinosa poly-saccharides I (PEP-I) on immunologic cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and its production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) were studied....The in vivo effects of Phytolacca acinosa poly-saccharides I (PEP-I) on immunologic cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and its production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) were studied. PEP-I 80 or 160 mg kg was given ip twice every 4 day. Both doses were found to have significant enhancing activity on macrophages cytotoxicity against S180 sarcoma cells and malignant transformed fibroblast L929 cells. Peritoneal activated macrophages were incubated with LPS for 2 and 24 hrs to induce TNF and IL-1, respectively. The TNF and IL-1 activities were tested from cytotoxicity against L929 cells in an absorbence assay of enzymatic reaction and proliferation of thymocytes co-stimulated assay separately. The optimal time for TNF production was found on day 8. Significant increases in TNF and IL-1 were observed. In comparison of the effect of PEP-I on TNF with that of known priming agent BCG, there was no difference between them, but PEP-I had a high effect on IL-1. These results suggest that cytotoxicity of macrophages primed by PEP-I is closely related to its TNF and IL-1 production.展开更多
文摘Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. （P acinosa） is a recently discovered manganese hyperaccumulator plant from southern China. It is a good candidate for phytoremediation of manganese（Mn） polluted soil for its high biomass and fast growth. Knowledge of the tissue localization and identification of heavy metals can provide essential information on metal toxicity and bioaccumulation mechanisms. Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy （SRXRF） microprobe was used in this study to investigate the cellular distributions of Mn and other elements in root, stem, leaf, petiole and midrib of P. acinosa. The highest Mn content was found in the vascular tissues of root, stem, petiole and midrib. Cortex in root played a key role in Mn absorption and Mn was limited in the vascular bundle during the process of transportation in stem. Moreover, Mn content in leaf epidermis was higher than that in mesophyll, which suggested that the sequestration of Mn in leaf epidermis might be one of the detoxification mechanisms of P. acinosa. The significance of other elemental （such as P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu） distribution patterns and the correlation with Mn were also discussed.
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to obtain Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids and provide high-efficiency raw materials for the preparation of biological pesticides. [Method] Terminal bud growing points of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. seedlings were treated with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% colchicine and 1% agar solution for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, while Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. without treatment was adopted as the control. The mutagenic effect of various concentrations of colchicine was calculated. Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants were identified using morphological, anatomical and cytological methods. [ Result] Induction with 0. 2% colchicine for 48 h led to the highest mntagenic effect. Compared with the control, leaf width and leaf thickness of mutants were enhanced by 40. 15% and 33. 25%, respectively; vertical and horizontal diameter of stomata of mutants were enhanced by 30.25% and 60.82%, respectively ; the stomata density of mutants was improved by 150%. Identification of meiotic chromosome of pollen mother cells using compression method showed that the chromosome number of microspore cells of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. mutants was n = 2 x = 36, while that of the control was n = x = 18, indicating that the mutants were tetraploids. [ Conclusion ] Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. polyploids were induced using the traditional liquid droplet method, which was easy and direct with simple operation and good effect to acquire a large number of polyploid materials within a short time.
文摘The in vivo effects of Phytolacca acinosa poly-saccharides I (PEP-I) on immunologic cytotoxicity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and its production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) were studied. PEP-I 80 or 160 mg kg was given ip twice every 4 day. Both doses were found to have significant enhancing activity on macrophages cytotoxicity against S180 sarcoma cells and malignant transformed fibroblast L929 cells. Peritoneal activated macrophages were incubated with LPS for 2 and 24 hrs to induce TNF and IL-1, respectively. The TNF and IL-1 activities were tested from cytotoxicity against L929 cells in an absorbence assay of enzymatic reaction and proliferation of thymocytes co-stimulated assay separately. The optimal time for TNF production was found on day 8. Significant increases in TNF and IL-1 were observed. In comparison of the effect of PEP-I on TNF with that of known priming agent BCG, there was no difference between them, but PEP-I had a high effect on IL-1. These results suggest that cytotoxicity of macrophages primed by PEP-I is closely related to its TNF and IL-1 production.
文摘针对目前国内锰超富集植物商陆属(Phytolacca)植物名称混乱的状态,在重新审查锰超富集植物——商陆(Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.)的野外标本和温室培养植物的基础上,比对中国科学院昆明植物所标本馆的腊叶标本,并查阅相关文献资料,以期正确认定锰超富集累植物的学名。结果表明,湘潭锰矿尾矿废弃地原生的锰超富集植物实为垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana L.),国内外相关研究论文中出现的商陆和美洲商陆实为垂序商陆的同物异名。这一植物名称的认定,将对避免锰超富集植物研究重复进行、保证相关研究正常有序开展具有重要意义。
