The Effect of Predictive Nursing Intervention on Cardiac Function and Clinical Outcomes in CCU Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction After Interventional Therapy

Objective:To evaluate the impact of predictive nursing on the care of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients in the Coronary Care Unit(CCU)after interventional therapy.Methods:From September 2021 to September 2023,84 AMI patients admitted to the CCU were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group(42 patients)received predictive nursing,and the reference group(42 patients)received conventional nursing.Cardiac function and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups.Results:Before nursing,there was no difference in cardiac function between the two groups(P>0.05).After nursing,the cardiac function of the experimental group was better than that of the reference group(P<0.05).The clinical outcomes of the experimental group were better than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Before nursing,there was no difference in psychological scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After nursing,the psychological scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Predictive nursing can improve the cardiac function and clinical outcomes of AMI patients after interventional therapy and can also regulate patients’negative psychological states.

Long-Term Prognosis of Different Reperfusion Strategies for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Chinese County-Level Hospitals:Insight from China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry

Objective To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with different reperfusion strategies in Chinese county-level hospitals Methods A total of 2,514 patients with STEMI from 32 hospitals participated in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and September 2014.The success of fibrinolysis was assessed according to indirect measures of vascular recanalization.The primary outcome was 2-year mortality.Results Reperfusion therapy was used in 1,080 patients(42.9%):fibrinolysis(n=664,61.5%)and primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)(n=416,38.5%).The most common reason for missing reperfusion therapy was a prehospital delay>12 h(43%).Fibrinolysis[14.5%,hazard ratio(HR):0.59,95%confidence interval(CI)0.44–0.80]and primary PCI(6.8%,HR=0.32,95%CI:0.22–0.48)were associated with lower 2-year mortality than those with no reperfusion(28.5%).Among fibrinolysistreated patients,510(76.8%)achieved successful clinical reperfusion;only 17.0%of those with failed fibrinolysis underwent rescue PCI.There was no difference in 2-year mortality between successful fibrinolysis and primary PCI(8.8%vs.6.8%,HR=1.53,95%CI:0.85–2.73).Failed fibrinolysis predicted a similar mortality(33.1%)to no reperfusion(33.1%vs.28.5%,HR=1.30,95%CI:0.93–1.81).Conclusion In Chinese county-level hospitals,only approximately 2/5 of patients with STEMI underwent reperfusion therapy,largely due to prehospital delay.Approximately 30%of patients with failed fibrinolysis and no reperfusion therapy did not survive at 2 years.Quality improvement initiatives are warranted,especially in public health education and fast referral for mechanical revascularization in cases of failed fibrinolysis.

Assessment of post-myocardial infarction lipid levels and management:Results from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan

BACKGROUND Lipid treatment practices and levels in post-acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients,which are crucial for secondary prevention.AIM To evaluate the lipid treatment practices and lipid levels in post-myocardial infarction(MI)patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.METHODS In this cross-sectional study,we analyzed patients who had experienced their first AMI event in the past 3 years.We assessed fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles,reviewed statin therapy prescriptions,and examined patient compliance.The recommended dose was defined as rosuvastatin≥20 mg or atorvastatin≥40 mg,with target total cholesterol levels set at<160 mg/dL and target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)at<55 mg/dL.RESULTS Among 195 patients,71.3%were male,and the mean age was 57.1±10.2 years.The median duration since AMI was 36(interquartile range:10-48)months and 60% were diagnosed with ST-segment elevation MI.Only 13.8% of patients were advised to undergo lipid profile testing after AMI,88.7% of patients were on the recommended statin therapy,and 91.8% of patients were compliant with statin therapy.Only 11.5% had LDL-C within the target range and 71.7% had total cholesterol within the target range.Hospital admission in the past 12 months was reported by 14.4%,and the readmission rate was significantly higher among non-compliant patients(37.5%vs 5.6%).Subsequent AMI event rate was also significantly higher among non-compliant patients(43.8%vs 11.7%).CONCLUSION Our study highlights that while most post-AMI patients received the recommended minimum statin therapy dose,the inadequate practice of lipid assessment may compromise therapy optimization and raise the risk of subsequent events.

Fifteen years of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction

In spite of modern treatment, acute myocardial infarction(AMI) still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though standard of care therapy improves symptoms and also long-term prognosis of patients with AMI, it does not solve the critical issue, specifically the permanent damage of cardiomyocytes. As a result, a complex process occurs, namely cardiac remodeling, which leads to alterations in cardiac size, shape and function. This is what has driven the quest for unconventional therapeutic strategies aiming to regenerate the injured cardiac and vascular tissue. One of the latest breakthroughs in this regard is stem cell(SC) therapy. Based on favorable data obtained in experimental studies, therapeutic effectiveness of this innovative therapy has been investigated in clinical settings. Of various cell types used in the clinic, autologous bone marrow derived SCs were the first used to treat an AMI patient, 15 years ago. Since then, we have witnessed an increasing body of data as regards this cutting-edge therapy. Although feasibility and safety of SC transplant have been clearly proved, it's efficacy is still under dispute. Conducted studies and meta-analysis reported conflicting results, but there is hope for conclusive answer to be provided by the largest ongoing trial designed to demonstrate whether this treatment saves lives. In the meantime, strategies to enhance the SCs regenerative potential have been applied and/or suggested, position papers and recommendations have been published. But what have we learned so far and how can we properly use the knowledge gained? This review will analytically discuss each of the above topics, summarizing the current state of knowledge in the field.

Direct Coronary Intervention Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective To introduce the initial experience of direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and intracoronary stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) from October 1998 to November 2001 in our hospital. Methods Primary PTCA was performed in 38 patients with acute myocardial infarction.29 cases were 20 male and 9 female, ranging in age from 30 to 76 old years.23 cases had anterior and 15 had inferior wall infarction. The patients we chose for direct coronary intervention therapy had stable hemodynamics. Of the 38 infarct related arteries (IRA), 23 were left anterior descend arteries (LAD), 4 left circumflex (LCX) and 11 right coronary arteries (RCA). 33 IRA were TIMI 0 flow and 5 TIMI 1 flow. The indications for coronary stent implantation were: ① Acute reocclusion and high risk of reocclusion due to initial dissection after PTCA; ② Severe residual stenosis (stenosis of diameter≥50%) after repeated balloon dilation; ③ No response to recurrent infusions of Nitroglycerin in Obviously elastic recoil. Results Of the 38 patients with AMI, PTCA was successful in 35 Two patients were given up because 014 guide wire entered into false lumen. One was selected for emergency coronary artery bypass graft because of LAD infarct related artery accompanied by 70%stenosis of left main. 35 intracoronary stents were implanted.16 patients were followed up, of whom 2 patients had restenosis and were successful in the second attempt. Conclusion Direct PTCA and stent implantation are effective and safe means of treatment for AMI and stent implantation can prevent and cure the acute reocclusion after PTCA.

EFFECT OF REPERFUSION THERAPY ON SOLUBLE CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective To observe the changes of serum soluble intercellular adhesion moiecuie type-1(ICAM-1) and E-selectin in patients with acute myocardial inlarction (AMI) receiving reperfusiontherapy. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were taken from 21 patients with AMI before and4,8,12,24,48,72h after thrombolytic treatment or direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).Blood samples from 16 control subjects were drawn for one time. Serum concentration of ICAM-1 and E-selectinwas determined by double antibodies sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum levels ofICAM-1 and E-selectin were higher in patients with AMI than those in controls. Sixteen patients with AMIand successful roperfusion therapy had signifcantly reduction in serum concentration of ICAM-1 and E-selectinat 24 and 48h, but had a peak at 4h. The remaining live patients who failed in mperfusion theropy didn’t show anysignificant changes in these values. Conclusion The serum concentration of ICAM-1 and E-selectin waselevated significantly in patients with AMI Successful reperfusion therapy can reduce the increased serumconcentration.

Stenting versus non-stenting treatment of intermediate stenosis culprit lesion in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction： a multicenter random- ized clinical trial

Background The benefit/risk ratio of stenting in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients with single vessel intermediate stenosis culprit lesions merits further study, therefore the subject of the present study. Methods and results It was a pro- spective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Between April 2012 and July 2015, 399 acute STEMI patients with single vessel disease and intermediate （40%-70%） stenosis of the culprit lesion before or after aspiration thrombectomy and/or intracoronary tirofiban （15 pg/kg） were enrolled and were randomly assigned （h 1） to stenting group （n = 201） and non-stenting group （n = 198）. In stenting group, patients received pharmacologic therapy plus standard percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with stent implantation. In non-stenting group, pa- tients received pharmacologic therapy and PCI （thrombectomy）, but without dilatation or stenting. Primary endpoint was 12-month rate of major adverse cardiac and eerebrovascular events （MACCE）, a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction （M1）, repeat re- vascularization and stroke. Secondary endpoints were 12-month rates of all cause death, ischemia driven admission and bleeding complica- tion. Median follow-up time was 12.4 ~ 3.1 months. At 12 months, MACCE occurred in 8.0% of the patients in stenting group, as compared with 15.2% in the non-stenting group （adjusted HR： 0.42, 95% Ch 0.19-0.89, P = 0.02）. The stenting group had lower non-fatal MI rate than non-stenting group, （1.5% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.03）. The two groups shared similar cardiac death, repeat revascularization, stroke, all cause death, ischemia driven readmission and bleeding rates at 12 months. Conclusions Stent implantation had better efficacy and safety in reducing MACCE risks among acute STEMI patients with single vessel intermediate stenosis culprit lesions.

Predictors and in-hospital prognosis of recurrent acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the contributing factors and in-hospital prognosis of patients with or without recurrent acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 1686 consecutive AMI patients admitted to Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were recruited. Their clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between patients with or without a recurrent AMI. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction. Results Recurrent AMI patients were older （69.3 ± 11.5 vs. 64.7 ± 12.8 years, P 〈 0.001） and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus （DM） （52.2% vs. 35.0%, P 〈 0.001） compared with incident AMI patients, they also had worse heart function at admission, more severe coronary disease and lower reperfusion therapy. Age （OR = 1.03, 95% CI： 1.02-1.05; P 〈 0.001）, DM （OR = 1.86, 95% CI： 1.37-2.52; P 〈 0.001） and reperfusion therapy （OR = 0.74; 95% CI： 0.52-0.89; P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI Recurrent AMI patients had a higher in-hospital death rate （12.1% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.039） than incident AMI patients. Conclusions Recurrent AMI patients presented with more severe coronary artery conditions. Age, DM and reperfusion therapy were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI, and recurrent AM1 was related with a high risk of in-hospital death.

Effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic strategies in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND Elderly patients represent a rapidly growing part of the population more susceptible to acute coronary syndromes and their complications.However,literature evidence is lacking in this clinical setting.AIM To describe the clinical features,in-hospital management and outcomes of“elderly”patients with myocardial infarction treated with antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy.METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients older than 80 years admitted to the Division of Cardiology of St.Andrea Hospital of Vercelli from January 2018 to December 2018 due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI).Clinical and laboratory data were collected for each patient,as well as the prevalence of previous or in-hospital atrial fibrillation(AF).In-hospital management,consisting of an invasive or conservative strategy,and the anti-thrombotic therapy used are described.Outcomes evaluated at 1 year follow-up included an efficacy ischemic endpoint and a safety bleeding endpoint.RESULTS Of the 105 patients enrolled(mean age 83.9±3.6 years,52.3%males),68(64.8%)were admitted due to NSTEMI and 37(35.2%)due to STEMI.Among the STEMI patients,34(91.9%)underwent coronary angiography and all of them were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI);among the NSTEMI patients,42(61.8%)were assigned to an invasive strategy and 16(38.1%)of them underwent a PCI.No significant difference between the groups was found concerning the prevalence of previous or in-hospital de-novo AF.10.5%of the whole population received triple antithrombotic therapy and 9.5%single antiplatelet therapy plus oral anticoagulation(OAC),with no significant difference between the subgroups,although a higher number of STEMI patients received dual antiplatelet therapy without OAC as compared with NSTEMI patients.A low rate of in-hospital death(5.7%)and 1-year cardiovascular death(3.3%)was registered.Seven(7.8%)patients experienced major adverse cardiovascular events,while the rate of minor and major bleeding at 1-year follow-up was 10%and 2.2%,respectively,with no difference between NSTEMI and STEMI patients.CONCLUSION In this real-world study,a tailored evaluation of an invasive strategy and antithrombotic therapy resulted in a low rate of adverse events in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.

Efficacy and safety of aspirin antiplatelet therapy within 48 h of symptom onset in patients with acute stroke

BACKGROUND Aspirin is a widely used antiplatelet agent that reduces the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and other vascular events.However,the optimal timing and dose of aspirin initiation after an acute stroke remain controversial.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin antiplatelet therapy within 48 h of symptom onset in patients with acute stroke.METHODS We conducted a randomized,open-label,controlled trial in 60 patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke who were admitted to our hospital within 24 h of symptom onset.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either aspirin 300 mg daily or no aspirin within 48 h of stroke onset.The primary outcome was the occurrence of recurrent stroke,myocardial infarction,or vascular death within 90 d.The secondary outcomes were functional outcomes at 90 d measured using the modified Rankin Scale(mRS),incidence of bleeding complications,and mortality rate.RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 67.8 years and 55%of them were male.The median time from stroke onset to randomization was 12 h.The baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The primary outcome occurred in 6.7%of patients in the aspirin group and 16.7%of patients in the no aspirin group(relative risk=0.40,95%confidence interval:0.12-1.31,P=0.13).The mRS score at 90 d was significantly lower in the aspirin group than in the no aspirin group(median,2 vs 3,respectively;P=0.04).The incidence of bleeding complications was similar between the groups(6.7%vs 6.7%,P=1.00).The mortality rates were also comparable between the two groups(10%vs 13.3%,P=0.69).CONCLUSION Aspirin use is associated with favorable functional outcomes but does not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent vascular events.Its acceptable safety profile is comparable to that of no aspirin.Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.

Thorombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction： a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Background Although thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （STEMI）, scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study. Methods This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients （age 〈70 years） with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset （mean interval 〉3 hours）. Patients were randomized to three groups： primary PCI group （n=101）; recombinant staphylokinase （r-Sak） group （n=-104）; and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rt-PA） group （n=-106）. For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery （IRA） patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade 〈2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients. Results After randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy （door-to-needle time）and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA （door to balloon time）. Rates of IRA patency （TIMI flow grade 2 or 3） and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure （70.5% vs. 98.0%, P 〈0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P 〈0.0001, respectively）. Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients （55.7%） in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group （88.9% vs. 97.9%, P=-0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P=0.0190, respectively）. At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group （7.1% vs. 0, P=0.0034）. Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group （10.0% vs. 1.0%, P=-0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P=-0.O001, respectively）. Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.

Retrospective Analysis of Thrombolysis Therapy for 64 Cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Elevated ST Segment

Objective:To explore the cardiac protective effect of integrative therapy in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) with elevated ST segment after reperfusion.Methods:Sixty-four AMI patients who having received decimalization by thrombolysis were assigned to two groups by retrospective analysis,36 patients in the treated group and 28 in the control group.Both were treated by intravenous administering of urokinase for thrombolysis,and to the treated group,intravenous dripping of Xueshuantong Injection(血栓通注射液,XST) ...

Effect of late reperfusion therapy on cardiac function and prognosis in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction

Background The suitable time for treating patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） is unclear. This study was to investigate the effects of reperfusion therapy at different late times on patients with acute STEMI, in order to decide the best time for late reperfusion therapy by providing evidence-based treatment in clinical practice. Methods We enrolled 1372 patients with STEMI and receiving selective percutaneous coro- nary intervention therapy between January 1st, 2010 to December 30th, 2014. According to the time receiving PCI, these patients were divided into 3 groups： 〈3 d（n=66） ,3-6 d（n=388） and/〉7 d （n=918）. The demograph- ic, clinical and coronary angiography data, and in-hospital major adverse clinical events （MACEs） were com- pared. Results The mortality rates among 3 groups were not statistically different （0 vs. 2.6% vs. 2.0%, P= 0.375）. The incidence rate of in-hospital MACEs in 3-6 d group was lower than the other two groups, but not sta- tistic difference （25.8% vs. 16.8% vs. 21.6%, P=0.077）. By comparing the cost of hospitalization, we found that the 3-6 d group was slight lower. For patients with non-occlusive culprit vessels, although the mortality rate still had no statistic difference, the incidence rates of in-hospital MACEs were different （33.3% vs. 11.7% vs. 15.9%, P=0.003）. However, the same conclusion was not driven in patients with occlusive target vessels. Conclusions For patients with STEMI receiving late reperfusion therapy, intervention during 3-6 d might have a trend to improve prognosis.

Drug-coated balloons are not inferior to drug-coated stents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and shorten the duration of dual antiplatelet treatment

Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)are an up-and-coming tactic in treating in-stent restenosis and coronary artery small vessel disease,but their efficacy in treating acute myocardial infarction needs to be further explored.Methods:A meta-analysis of 7 studies was conducted to make a comparison with the results of DCB and drug-eluting stent implantation after a median follow-up of 15 months.Results:A total of 922 patients were included in this analysis in total,including 375 patients in the DCB group and 547 patients in the stent group.A total of 962 vascular diseases were manifested in the 2 groups.After 6 to 24 months of follow-up,there was no statistically significant difference with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events(odds ratio[OR]:0.82;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.52–1.29;Z=0.85;P=0.39),cardiac death(OR:0.92;95%CI:0.39–2.12;Z=0.21;P=0.84),target lesion revascularization(OR:1.09;95%CI:0.53–2.25;Z=0.24;P=0.81),late lumen loss(MD:−0.05;95%CI:−0.15 to 0.06;Z=0.85;P=0.40),or dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)(OR:1.04;95%CI:0.53–2.05;Z=0.11;P=0.91)between the 2 groups.In the DCB group,persistent residual stenosis or C-F dissection occurrence necessitated that a total of 30 patients receive extra bailout implantations.The rate of bailout stenting was 11.8%(95%CI:7.1–16).Moreover,the DCB group had a shorter DAPT duration compared with the stent group.Conclusion:Drug-coated balloons with shorter DAPT durations may be as effective and safe as stent therapy in treating acute myocardial infarction.

中性粒细胞绝对值、尿肾损伤分子1与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后缺血再灌注急性肾损伤的相关性

目的探讨中性粒细胞绝对值(ANC)、尿肾损伤分子1(KMI-1)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后缺血再灌注急性肾损伤(AKI)的相关性。方法纳入行PCI的114例AMI患者为研究对象,根据患者PCI术后72 h内是否发生AKI分为AKI组和非AKI组。比较两组一般资料、PCI后2 h的ANC、尿KMI-1与其他实验室指标,分析ANC、尿KMI-1与AMI患者PCI后缺血再灌注AKI的关系。记录患者术后3个月心血管不良事件,分析ANC、尿KMI-1水平与心血管不良事件发生的关系。结果AKI组病变冠状动脉支数≥3支占比、ANC、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肌酐(Cr)、尿KMI-1水平均高于非AKI组,淋巴细胞绝对值(ALC)低于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义(Z=3.50,t分别=3.67、2.12、6.24、8.36、2.96,P均<0.05)。经logistic回归分析结果显示,ANC、Cr、尿KMI-1与AMI患者PCI后缺血再灌注AKI有关(OR分别=5.04、1.32、1.36,P均<0.05);ANC、尿KMI-1单独及联合模型预测的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.74、0.91、0.93。随访3个月发现,随着ANC、尿KMI-1升高,PCI后短期MACE发生率也随着升高(χ^(2)分别=13.77、9.36,P均<0.05)。结论ANC、尿KMI-1与AMI患者行PCI后缺血再灌注AKI有关,同时可提示AMI患者行PCI后短期预后情况,其机制与炎症反应有关。

强化降脂对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗的影响

目的 观察强化降脂对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年5月白银市第一人民医院收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗患者71例,采用随机数字表法分为试验组36例和对照组35例。对照组给予注射用阿替普酶治疗,试验组在对照组治疗基础上给予阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,2组均连续治疗21 d。比较2组临床疗效,治疗前后心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)]、血脂指标[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)及三酰甘油(TG)]、血液生化指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)]。结果 试验组治疗总有效率为97.22%,高于对照组的77.14%(χ^(2)=4.777,P=0.029)。治疗21 d后,2组LVEF高于治疗前,LVESD、LVEDD小于治疗前,且试验组升高/减小幅度大于对照组(P<0.01);2组LDL-C、TC、TG水平与CK-MB、cTnT水平低于治疗前,HDL-C与SOD水平高于治疗前,且试验组降低/升高幅度大于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 强化降脂可提高急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗的临床效果,可有效改善患者心功能,缓解心肌损伤,调节血脂。

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死心肺复苏后紧急溶栓序贯即刻冠状动脉介入治疗

目的:ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-Elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者溶栓后即刻PCI治疗一直是该领域研究焦点并存在争议,研究旨在优化急性STEMI患者再灌注治疗策略。方法:因急性STEMI心脏骤停2例患者,经心肺复苏自主循环恢复后,行紧急溶栓治疗并序贯即刻PCI救治过程。结果:2例患者溶栓后梗死相关血管TIMI血流均达到II级,即刻序贯PCI进一步取得稳定而确切再灌注疗效。结论:急性STEMI心肺复苏成功后紧急溶栓序贯即刻PCI治疗安全有效,并未增加出血风险。

节拍式呼吸疗法在老年急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后家庭心脏康复中的应用效果

目的 探讨节拍式呼吸疗法在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后家庭心脏康复中的应用效果。方法 纳入46例PCI术后老年AMI患者,其中观察组26例、对照组20例。两组患者在病情稳定出院后接受家庭心脏康复干预,其中观察组患者采取节拍式呼吸疗法,对照组患者采取常规腹式呼吸训练。在出院当天(干预前)和干预3个月后检测两组患者的血流动力学指标[每搏输出量(SV)、每搏输出量指数(SVI)、心排血量(CO)、心排血量指数(CI)、左心室做功(LVSW)、左心室做功指数(LVSWI)、加速指数(ACI)、速度指数(VI)、全身血管阻力(SVR)、全身血管阻力指数(SVRI)、心率及收缩压、舒张压],采用36项健康调查简表(SF-36)评定两组患者的生活质量。通过康复记录评估患者的家庭心脏康复干预依从性。结果 (1)干预3个月后,观察组的SV、SVI、CO、CI、VI、LVSW、LVSWI高于干预前水平,SVR、SVRI低于干预前(P<0.05);观察组的SV、SVI、CO、CI和VI高于对照组,SVR、SVRI和收缩压低于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)干预3个月后,观察组SF-36原始总分和生理功能维度、躯体疼痛维度、总体健康维度、活力维度、社会功能维度、情感职能维度、精神健康维度得分高于干预前(P<0.05);观察组SF-36原始总分和生理功能维度、躯体疼痛维度、总体健康维度和精神健康维度的得分高于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)观察组患者的家庭心脏康复干预依从性优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 与常规腹式呼吸训练相比,应用节拍式呼吸疗法进行PCI术后家庭心脏康复,可以在短期内有效地降低老年AMI患者的体循环血管阻力,增强患者的左心室射血功能,提高其家庭心脏康复依从性,改善其生活质量,值得临床应用推广。

早期体外心脏震波通过抑制TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP-9信号通路改善心肌纤维化

目的 探究急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠早期经体外心脏震波治疗(CSWT)后心功能和心肌纤维化改善与转化生长因子β1-细胞信号转导分子2/3-基质金属蛋白酶9(TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP-9)信号通路的相关性。方法 采用随机数字表法将30只SD大鼠分为sham、AMI、AMI+CSWT、AMI+SB431542和AMI+SB431542+CSWT组,每组各6只。sham组仅开胸,其他4组构建AMI模型。AMI+SB431542组和AMI+SB431542+CSWT组在术后4d行SB431542处理,持续3d。AMI+CSWT组和AMI+SB431542+CSWT组均行9次CSWT[于术后7d开始行CSWT,两次之间间隔1d,能量:0.09m J/mm~2,一个缺血区域共1800震,频率:3Hz(3震/s)]。各组均在术后4d和62d行超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)和左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)。术后62d行心脏组织取材,HE染色、Masson染色评估心肌组织病理形态学改变及心肌纤维化程度;于心肌梗死边缘区检测TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP-9信号通路相关蛋白表达水平及COL-Ⅰ、COL-Ⅲ蛋白表达水平。结果 (1)术后4d,与sham组相比,AMI、AMI+CSWT、AMI+SB431542和AMI+SB431542+CSWT组的LVEF、LVFS明显降低,LVESV明显扩大(均为P<0.05)。(2)术后62d,与sham组相比,AMI组的LVEF、LVFS明显降低,LVEDV、LVESV明显扩大(均为P<0.05);与AMI组相比,AMI+CSWT组的LVEF、LVFS明显改善,LVEDV、LVESV明显回缩(均为P<0.05);与AMI+CSWT组相比,AMI+SB431542+CSWT组的LVEF、LVFS、LVEDV和LVESV无统计学差异(均为P>0.05)。(3)HE染色显示,AMI组较sham组红色区域排列紊乱、蓝色区域增多;AMI+CSWT组较AMI组红色区域排列整齐、蓝色区域减少,但较sham组蓝染区域增多。(4)Masson染色显示,与sham组相比,AMI组胶原容积分数(CVF)明显升高(P<0.001);与AMI组相比,AMI+CSWT和AMI+SB431542组的CVF明显降低(均为P<0.05);与AMI+CSWT组相比,AMI+SB431542+CSWT组CVF较高,但无统计学差异(P=0.65)。(5)Westernblot结果显示,与sham组相比,AMI组的TGF-β1、Smad3、MMP-9、COL-Ⅰ和COL-Ⅲ表达水平明显升高(均为P<0.05);Smad2水平有升高趋势,但无统计学差异(P=0.40);与sham组和AMI组相比,AMI+CSWT组的TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、MMP-9、COL-Ⅰ和COL-Ⅲ表达水平明显降低(均为P<0.05);与AMI+CSWT组相比,AMI+SB431542+CSWT组的TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3和MMP-9表达水平明显降低,COL-Ⅰ和COL-Ⅲ表达水平明显增加(均为P<0.05)。结论 早期CSWT可改善心功能、抑制心肌纤维化,且与抑制TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP-9信号通路相关。