ADAP2在胶质瘤患者中的预后价值及功能研究

目的分析ADAP2在脑胶质瘤中的预后价值和对胶质瘤迁移和侵袭的影响,并探索其可能机制。方法应用生物信息学分析ADAP2在胶质瘤中的差异性表达及其预后价值,并探索ADAP2对胶质瘤患者的潜在致癌机制。使用胶质瘤U87细胞系评估ADAP2敲除后对细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。结果ADAP2在恶性程度更高的胶质瘤亚型中富集,与免疫和炎症过程正相关,是胶质瘤患者的独立预后因素。敲低ADAP2后胶质瘤细胞的迁移和侵袭能力下降。结论ADAP2与胶质瘤的临床病理特征密切相关,通过与免疫细胞相互作用促进胶质瘤的进展,高表达ADAP2能促进胶质瘤细胞迁移和侵袭,是胶质瘤免疫治疗和精准诊断的潜在靶点。

An adaptive method for high-resolution topology design

For the purpose of achieving high-resolution optimal solutions this paper proposes a nodal design variablebased adaptive method for topology optimization of continuum structures. The analysis mesh-independent density field, interpolated by the nodal design variables at a given set of density points, is adaptively refined/coarsened accord- ing to a criterion regarding the gray-scale measure of local regions. New density points are added into the gray regions and redundant ones are removed from the regions occupied by purely solid/void phases for decreasing the number of de- sign variables. A penalization factor adaptivity technique is employed-to prevent premature convergence of the optimiza- tion iterations. Such an adaptive scheme not only improves the structural boundary description quality, but also allows for sufficient further topological evolution of the structural layout in higher adaptivity levels and thus essentially enables high-resolution solutions. Moreover, compared with the case with uniformly and finely distributed density points, the proposed adaptive method can achieve a higher numerical efficiency of the optimization process.

Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.

ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌患者预后及肿瘤微环境免疫细胞浸润的关联研究

目的分析ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌患者预后及其与肿瘤微环境免疫细胞浸润的关联。方法下载TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas)数据库肺鳞癌患者临床信息和癌组织ADAP2基因转录水平,运用KM生存曲线和Cox比例风险模型分析ADAP2基因和患者预后的关联;采用xCell数据库分析ADAP2基因表达和肿瘤微环境免疫浸润的关系;利用免疫荧光双染实验观察ADAP2蛋白与M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD163的空间共定位。结果多因素Cox分析结果显示,ADAP2表达是肺鳞癌患者独立的预后因素,其高表达与肺鳞癌患者不良预后密切相关(HR=1.533,95%CI:1.139~2.064,P=0.005)。ADAP2基因与肿瘤微环境评分呈正相关(r=0.609,95%CI:0.550~0.661,P<0.001),与免疫评分也同样呈正相关(r=0.596,95%CI:0.536~0.650,P<0.001)。ADAP2基因与肺鳞癌单核吞噬细胞系统(巨噬细胞、巨噬细胞M1、巨噬细胞M2、单核细胞)的浸润呈高度正相关(r=0.737、0.718、0.603、0.631,P<0.001)。ADAP2与CD163存在共定位,主要表达于细胞膜。结论ADAP2有望成为预测肺鳞癌患者预后和免疫治疗效果的潜在生物标志物。

The Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation:An Analysis of Outsourced

This paper employs Kim's(2001)‘Process of Cross-cultural Adaptation theory'to analyze the film—Outsourced,which talking about cross-cultural boundaries and how the protagonist Todd adapting to the Indian culture. Stress, adaptation and growth are three crucial phrases in the process of cross-cultural adaptation, which are correlated to each other and perform in a cyclic and continual way of‘draw-back-to-leap'. In this paper, each phrase is analyzed via employing theories and illustrating examples that Todd has experienced and encountered in India to highlight Todd's process of cross-cultural adaptation. Moreover, implications will be explored by the paper and suggestions will be offered to the sojourners for their better adaptation in the host country. In addition, the paper presents the differences between American culture and Indian culture, which are to some extent, the obstacles affecting successful cross-cultural adaptation.

Point Selection for Triangular 2-D Mesh Design Using Adaptive Forward Tracking Algorithm

Two-dimensional mesh-based motion tracking preserves neighboring relations (through connectivity of the mesh) and also allows warping transformations between pairs of frames;thus, it effectively eliminates blocking artifacts that are common in motion compensation by block matching. However, available uniform 2-D mesh model enforces connec-tivity everywhere within a frame, which is clearly not suitable across occlusion boundaries. To overcome this limitation, BTBC (background to be covered) detection and MF (model failure) detection algorithms are being used. In this algorithm, connectivity of the mesh elements (patches) across covered and uncovered region boundaries are broken. This is achieved by allowing no node points within the background to be covered and refining the mesh structure within the model failure region at each frame. We modify the occlusion-adaptive, content-based mesh design and forward tracking algorithm used by Yucel Altunbasak for selection of points for triangular 2-D mesh design. Then, we propose a new triangulation procedure for mesh structure and also a new algorithm to justify connectivity of mesh structure after motion vector estimation of the mesh points. The modified content-based mesh is adaptive which eliminates the necessity of transmission of all node locations at each frame.

人工智能的“认知转向”——通向通用人工智能的必由之路

人类智能是“通用智能”。人工智能要成为通用的,即通用人工智能,让其具有心理性的认知因素是必不可少的。这意味着“智能”不是“认知”,人工智能要转向人工认知,也就是让目前人工智能的“计算智能”和“感知智能”走向“认知智能”,这就是人工智能的“认知转向”。而“认知智能”作为“通用智能”,与人类智能一样是适应性表征系统,在适应性表征概念下,两种智能可统一起来进而成为通用的。然而,在通用人工智能能否实现的问题上,存在着两种对立的立场,即乐观派和悲观派。这是因为,其中蕴含了关于人工行为体的主体性、能动性和意向性问题的争论,而区分行为体和主体、行为体间性和主体间性、行为体的能动性与主体的主体性、行为体的指向性与主体的意向性是十分必要的。适应性表征被视为消解这些争论和弥合不同智能鸿沟的概念框架,进而成为实现机器意识的方法论策略。

基于北方苍鹰优化核极限学习机的玉米品种鉴别研究

玉米作为我国种植最为广泛的农作物,其产量对于我国粮食安全具有重大意义,由于不同品种具有不同的特性,根据种植条件科学选种能够很大限度上提高产量并且降低生产成本,但不同玉米种子外观极其相似,导致科学选种工作产生了一定难度。该研究基于近红外光谱技术结合核极限学习机(KELM)针对玉米品种分类问题构建鉴别模型,利用甜糯黄玉米、甜妃、昌甜、金色超人、香甜5号五种玉米种子,每种取(13±0.5)g作为一份样品,共计126个样品作为研究对象,对采集的近红外光谱数据进行标准正态变量变换(SNV)处理后采用竞争性自适应重加权采样法(CARS)对数据集进行降维。按照5∶1的比例将样本随机分为训练集和测试集,探讨北方苍鹰优化算法(NGO)对KELM模型性能的影响。分别使用NGO算法、粒子群算法(PSO)和灰狼算法(GWO)对KELM模型的两个重要参正则化参数C和高斯核函数γ进行寻优,选择五折交叉验证识别准确率最高时对应的C和γ作为建模参数,建立KELM分类模型。将各算法寻优后建立的KELM模型性能进行对比。实验发现,通过NGO算法寻优后建立的KELM模型性能高于其他两种算法优化的KELM模型,测试集识别准确率可达100%。在CARS降维的基础上分别建立CARS-NGO-KELM、CARS-PSO-KELM和CARS-GWO-KELM模型,结果表明,在面对降维后的数据时NGO算法仍能表现较好的性能,其测试集准确率和F 1值均达到了100%。为了验证样本数量对模型的影响,使用各品种样品数量同步后的共计90个样品重新训练KELM模型。结果表明,在同步各类样品数量后,各个模型在训练集和测试集上的表现均有提升。该研究在近红外光谱的基础上引入多种优化算法构建核极限学习机模型并将识别准确率提升至100%,实现了对玉米种子快速、无损、准确的品种鉴别,研究结果为玉米品种快速鉴别提供了一种新方法,同时也对监管部门具有一定的指导意义。

基于标签交互Seq2Seq模型的多标签文本分类方法

多标签文本分类任务可被建模为文本序列到标签序列的映射任务。然而,现有的序列到序列(Seq2Seq)模型仅从嘈杂文本中提取粗粒度的文本级表示,忽略了标签与单词之间细粒度的交互线索,导致类别理解偏差。对此,提出基于编码器—解码器结构的标签语义交互Seq2Seq模型。在文本语义提取阶段,使用门控机制融合粗粒度的文本级表示和细粒度的交互线索,最终得到类别理解纠正的文本表示。在2个标准数据集上,与LEAM,LSAN,SGM等6个算法进行对比实验,结果表明,本文模型在2个主要评价指标上均得到显著提升。

化学计量学方法选取对烟草含水率近红外分析准确度的影响

目的:研究不同化学计量学方法对烟草含水率近红外分析准确度的影响。方法:比较不同预处理方法(平滑、一阶、二阶、标准正态变量(SNV)和多元散射校正(MSC)及其组合)以及不同波长筛选方法(基于水分波段、基于波长区间、基于波长点)对预测模型性能的影响。结果:仅对数据进行SNV、MSC、MSC+一阶、MSC+SNV、SNV+一阶预处理的模型能够使不同程度的相对分析误差RPD提高,而其他方法则不同程度下降;在波长筛选方法方面,使用基于波长区间的方法能够获得较好的优化效果,经过变量筛选得到594个波长,为原波长数的27.26%,且能提高0.1336的RPD值。结论:不同的计量学方法会对烟草含水率分析准确度产生影响,对于此次数据,应采用MSC预处理方法及基于波长区间筛选方法对数据进行处理。

一种用于可见光通信信号调制格式识别的改进YOLOv5s算法

针对可见光通信信号在传输中易受信道环境和背景噪声干扰等因素影响调制格式识别精度的问题,提出一种用于可见光通信信号调制格式识别的改进YOLOv5s(You Only Look Once)算法。首先,通过YOLOv5s算法网络输入端引入Mixup数据增强方式,将其与原网络中的Mosaic数据增强方式相结合,提升网络的鲁棒性,并增强算法在不同调制格式信号间的泛化能力;其次,将自适应空间特征融合(ASFF)引入到Neck网络中,充分提取不同层次的特征,提高检测精度。实验结果表明,在混合信噪比条件下,所提改进算法的平均精度均值(mAP)达到了0.903,比原始YOLOv5s算法提升了0.7%,且在信噪比为20 dB时mAP高达0.993。

多策略鼠群优化算法的无人机三维航迹规划

针对在复杂电力检测环境中无人机三维航迹规划问题,提出一种基于跳跃式自适应小孔成像反向学习鼠群优化(JAPRSO)算法的无人机三维航迹规划方法。JAPRSO算法引入了Sobol序列初始化种群以增强种群多样性;引入了非线性自适应因子实现动态权衡局部开发和全局搜索能力;嵌入了跳跃式围捕猎物机制以避免算法陷入局部最优;同时,引入跳跃式自适应小孔成像反向学习追赶猎物机制以提高算法的全局寻优能力。仿真结果表明:所提出的路径规划方法寻优性能优于RSO算法、灰狼优化(GWO)算法,金枪鱼群优化(TSO)算法和海鸥优化(SOA)算法,能够有效地躲避威胁区,快速获得航迹代价最小的安全可行航迹,可适用于求解电力检测方面的无人机三维航迹规划问题。

ADAP restraint of STAT1 signaling regulates macrophage phagocytosis in immune thrombocytopenia

Heightened platelet phagocytosis by macrophages accompanied by an increase in IFN-γplay key roles in the etiology of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP);however,it remains elusive how macrophage-mediated platelet clearance is regulated in ITP.Here,we report that adhesion and degranulation-protein adaptor protein(ADAP)restrains platelet phagocytosis by macrophages in ITP via modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)-FcγR signaling.We show that ITP was associated with the underexpression of ADAP in splenic macrophages.Furthermore,macrophages from Adap^(−/−)mice exhibited elevated platelet phagocytosis and upregulated proinflammatory signaling,and thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice was mitigated by the depletion of macrophages.Mechanistically,ADAP interacted and competed with STAT1 binding to importinα5.ADAP deficiency potentiated STAT1 nuclear entry,leading to a selective enhancement of FcγRI/IV transcription in macrophages.Moreover,pharmacological inhibition of STAT1 or disruption of the STAT1-importinα5 interaction relieved thrombocytopenia in Adap^(−/−)mice.Thus,our findings not only reveal a critical role for ADAP as an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping macrophage phagocytosis in ITP but also identify the ADAP-STAT1-importinα5 module as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of ITP.

Design support tools to sustain climate change adaptation at the local level： A review and reflection on their suitability

For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. By acquiring the appropriate knowledge and skills, architects and urban designers can become key actors in adaptation to climate change. Two workshops bringing together architects and urban designers provided evidence of deficiencies in this area. We hypothesize that a design support tool （DST） focused on the issue of adaptation of mid- latitude cities to rising summer temperatures could help improve knowledge and skills of professionals in the field. The first section presents the results taken from a review and classification of DSTs, which highlight the toots＇ features that are LikeLy to reach this goal Toots of the ＂hybrid＂ category seem most appropriate. To verify this, seven DSTs were selected and tested by fourteen students enrolled in a graduate-level architecture design studio. The second section presents the results from this test, including an analysis of the final projects, a web- based questionnaire and two focus groups. The relevance of hybrid approaches is established, but the results bring into question the capacity of a single DST to meet the individual and multiple needs of professionals.

智能制造环境下的机械自动化生产线优化与自适应控制系统设计

基于智能制造环境,研究了机械自动化生产线的优化与自适应控制系统设计。通过引入先进的智能化技术,同时采用自适应控制系统,实现了对生产线动态变化的实时感知与响应,确保系统在不同工况下的稳定性和适应性。研究结果表明,所提出的机械自动化生产线优化与自适应控制系统设计在提高生产效率、降低能耗方面具有显著的优势,为智能制造领域的进一步发展提供了有力支持。

汽车排气系统尾管噪声声品质研究与优化

针对某型汽车排气系统尾管噪声声品质问题,提出一种以径向基函数神经网络建立排气系统结构—尾管噪声声品质预测模型,并通过自适应模拟退火算法对排气系统噪声声品质进行优化的方法,来提高排气系统的声品质。以某型汽车排气系统为研究对象,建立包含结构参数的样本数据库,并用GT-POWER进行仿真计算得到得到样本数据的噪声数据,对仿真得到的声音数据进行声品质的主观评价打分,通过径向基函数神经网络建立排气系统结构—尾管噪声声品质预测模型,对作为模型自变量的排气系统结构参数对尾管噪声声品质的贡献量和灵敏度进行了分析,最后采用自适应模拟退火算法对排气系统结构参数进行了优化,并对优化结果进行实验验证,结果表明排气系统声品质显著提升。

同时测定ADAP和 Lp/Ls 比值对胸腔积液的诊断价值

胸腔积液时通过胸膜活检,胸水细胞学、细菌学和活体组织检查,80%病人可确立病因诊断,但其余的20%仍需寻找鉴别恶性和良性胸腔积液的标记物以便了解预后。

Implementation of automatic white-balance based on adap-tive-luminance

A novel automatic white-balance algorithm based on adaptive-luminance is proposed in this paper. This algorithm rede- fines the gray pixels region, which can filter the gray pixels accurately. Furthermore, with the relations between gray pixels’ luminance with standard light source and their chroma Cb, Cr shifts with other color temperatures, the algorithm estab- lishes the equations between the captured pixels and the original ones, which can estimate the gains of RGB channels exactly. To evaluate the prop...

AdfNet:一种基于多样化特征的自适应深度伪造检测网络

视频篡改造成的危害一直在危及人们的生活,这使深度伪造检测技术逐渐得到广泛关注和发展。然而,目前的检测方法由于使用了不灵活的约束条件,无法有效捕获噪声残差;此外,也忽略了纹理和语义特征之间的关联,以及时序特征对检测性能提升的影响。为了解决上述问题,文中提出了一种用于深度伪造检测的、具有多样化特征的自适应网络(AdfNet),它通过提取语义特征、纹理特征和时序特征帮助分类器判断真伪;探索了自适应纹理噪声提取机制(ATNEM),通过未池化的特征映射与基于频域的通道注意力机制,灵活捕获非固定频段的噪声残差;设计了深层语义分析指导策略(DSAGS),通过空间注意力机制突出篡改痕迹,并引导特征提取器关注焦点区域的深层特征;研究了多尺度时序特征处理方法(MTFPM),利用时序注意力机制给不同视频帧分配权重,捕获被篡改视频中时间序列的差异。实验结果表明,所提出的网络在FaceForensics++(FF++)数据集HQ模式中的ACC值为97.41%,相比当前主流网络有较为明显的性能提升;并且在FF++数据集上保持AUC值为99.80%的同时,在CelebDF上AUC值可达到76.41%,具有较强的泛化性。