改良的随机尿红细胞计数与Addis计数的相关性研究

目的:研究随机尿红细胞计数经不同方法校正后与尿红细胞Addis计数的相关性。方法:以115例慢性肾脏病患者为研究对象,测定随机尿红细胞/尿比重、随机尿红细胞/渗透压和随机尿红细胞/尿肌酐,并分析它们与3 h尿红细胞Addis计数的相关性。结果:随机尿红细胞计数、随机尿红细胞/比重、随机尿红细胞/渗透压和随机尿红细胞/尿肌酐与尿红细胞Addis计数呈正相关(r=0.66、0.66、0.54、0.68,均P<0.01)。当估算肾小球滤过率<60mL/(min.1.73m2)、尿比重≤1.012时,随机尿红细胞/尿肌酐与尿红细胞Addis计数的相关性明显提高(r=0.77、0.76,均P<0.01)。结论:随机尿红细胞/尿肌酐能较好地反映尿红细胞排泄量,尤其在低比重尿(尿比重≤1.012)和肾功能减退[(eGFR<60mL/(min.1.73 m2))]时,它是评价尿红细胞排泄率的较好指标。

Low-Cost Stormwater Filtration System to Improve Urban Water Quality: The Case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Urbanization in developing countries often negatively impacts water re-sources by polluting surface waters. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is currently experiencing rapid urbanization accompanied by significant water shortages, unmanaged stormwater, and increasing river water pollution. To supplement the need for non-potable water and address stormwater runoff pollution, we constructed a low cost stormwater filtration system. The filtration system is comprised of a sedimentation area followed by three gravel grain sizes arranged horizontally from coarse to medium to fine filter media. We compared the quality of pretreatment water with post-treatment water by measuring physicochemical parameters, heavy metals and nutrients. We found that the filtration system reduced turbidity by 87%, TSS by 80%, Cu by 87% and Zn by 90%. Further, it positively increased the concentration of DO by 42%. However, the filtration system did not remove nitrates and nitrites. Implementing this system at outfalls in the rapidly expanding condominium housing areas can increase residents’ supply of non-potable water and reduce the amount of polluted stormwater entering nearby streams and rivers.

Determinants of alcohol drinking and its association with sexual practices among high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Cross sectional study

Introduction: Alcohol drinking and risky sexual practices have become serious public health problem among teenagers and young adults globally, including many developing countries. The available reports are sparse, especially there is a lack of recent and representative data for high school students in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, identify determinants, and examine the association of alcohol drinking with sexual practices among high school students in Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. Methods: School based cross sectional study was conducted from November to December 2010. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between students’ background characteristics and alcohol use, and alcohol use and sexual practices. Results: Among 2551 students surveyed, lifetime and current (past month) alcohol drinking was reported by 1166 (45.7%) and 676 (26.5%) students, respectively. Having sexual intercourse at least once in their lifetime was reported by 412 (16.2%) with151 (5.9%) of them being sexually active during a month prior to the survey. Having multiple sexual partners (52.5%), drinking alcohol before sexual intercourse (26.4%), and having sexual intercourse without the use of condom (47.3%) were also common among sexually active students. In adjusted logistic regression model, age (18 and 19 and older), living with 2 parents, getting pocket money, having alcohol drinking friends and attending general secondary school (grade 9-10) were positive predictors of current alcohol drinking. Nergative predictors of current alcohol drinking were being Protestant Christian and living with relatives or siblings. Conclusion: Alcohol drinking before sexual intercourse was a major problem among high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Male gender, older age and higher school grade, friends influence, religious affiliation, living with parents and getting pocket money were significant predictors of current alcohol drinking. Educating about substance use and risky sexual behaviors, engaging students in extracurricular activities and restrict access to alcohol to high school students may help in solution of these problems on a local scale.

埃塞俄比亚Addis市Akaki水源地玄武岩井群施工技术

埃塞俄比亚国的"Addis市"深井供水三期项目是中国政府优贷项目,由中地海外集团总承包。针对埃塞俄比亚的首都Addis市Akaki水源地24眼供水井群在结构设计、玄武岩地层钻进、成井洗井、抽水试验遇到的技术难题,采取了针对性技术与工艺措施,圆满地完成了全部的成井施工任务,得到项目建设方的一致好评。将水源地实施过程的一些技术对策、认识体会、沟通协调进行了简要总结,对实施同类项目的单位、承包商具有一定的借鉴作用。

Accuracy of Physicians in Diagnosing HIV and AIDS-Related Death in the Adult Population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: The lack of cause of death information is the main challenge in monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in countries where the majority of deaths occur at home. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of physician reviewers of verbal autopsies in diagnosing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in the adult population of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Methods: This study was done within the context of a burial surveillance system in Addis Ababa. Trained interviewers completed a standard verbal autopsy questionnaire and an independent panel of physicians reviewed the completed form to assign cause of death. Physicians' review was compared to a reference standard constructed based on prospectively collected HIV-serostatus and patients' hospital record. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to validate the physicians' verbal autopsy diagnoses against reference standards. Results: Physicians accurately identified AIDS-related deaths with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.93) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.87), respectively. Generally, there was high level of agreement (Cohen's Kappa Statistic (K > 0.6) between the first two physicians with some yearly variations. In 2008 and 2009 there was an almost perfect agreement (K > 0.80). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the agreement level between two independent physicians in diagnosing AIDS-related death is very high and thus using a single verbal autopsy coder is practical for programmatic purposes in countries where there is critical shortage of doctors.

Risky Sexual Behavior and Its Determinants among Orphan and Vulnerable Children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Back Ground: Risky sexual behavior among orphans and vulnerable children and its associated physical, psychological and social consequences is becoming a major public health concern globally. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on three support and care giving organizations for orphans and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to June 2014. A total of 422 orphan and vulnerable children were selected using systematic sampling. Data were collected using pre tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Result: A total of 407 (96.4%) respondents participated in this study. Among them 112 (27.5%) had sexual intercourse in their life time, of these 50 (44.6%) started sex before the age of 15, 94 (83.9%) had forced sex, 84 (75.0%) had multiple sexual partners, only 16 (14.3%) used condom the first time they had sex and 96 (85.7%) participated in transactional sex. Females were about 3.25 (2.67 - 7.3) times more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior than male respondents, double orphans had 4.32 (2.45 - 9.54) odds of risky sexual behavior compared to their counterparts. Those respondents who had knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention were less likely to be involved in risky sexual behavior 0.58 (0.41 - 0.93). Conclusion: Orphan and vulnerable children are at a higher likelihood of risky sexual behavior. Intervention targeted at multilevel such as orphan survival training, assertive communication skills, sexuality education and education about HIV risk perception, physical, psychological and human right protection, social support, and economic access for basic needs need to be given consideration.

Impacts of Accessibility on TOD: Measurement of Accessibility Around Transit Stations of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Today Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is used as a tool to create a livable urban environment by improving the integration between land-use and transportation systems.The capital city of Ethiopia,Addis Ababa,aims to promote a sustainable transportation system by launching its first Light Rail Transit (LRT) network.Mitigate the need for mass transport,congestion,make transit a better choice,and encourage local economic development.Hence,a method was introduced to analyze the spatial and statistical conditions of accessibility on the existing transit stations of Addis Ababa.The methodology proposed measured the impact of accessibility around the existing TOD by defining a criterion that establishes the accessibility level[5-6].These criteria included proximity,urban densities,land-use diversity,and design of the urban spaces.The urban form of a place depends on accessibility.Mobility changes the character of a place.If the place changes,accessibility is likely to change.Therefore,TOD features that directly correlated with accessibility along the rail-based train stations will be explored.

应用ADDIS软件实现网状Meta分析

在当前能够实现网状Meta分析的软件中,ADDIS软件是一款基于贝叶斯框架、运用Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC)法对数据进行先验评估与处理的非编程软件。该软件操作较为简便,只需操作者对模型一致性及结果收敛性诊断做相关判断后,软件将自动产出结果及相关图形;但该软件的最大缺点在于数据录入较为繁琐。本文介绍了如何应用ADDIS软件实现网状Meta分析。

基于ADDIE模型的应用统计学专业“专创融合”课程体系研究

推进“专创融合”课程体系建设已经成为高校落实国家创新驱动发展战略的迫切需要。为避免专业教育与创新创业教育融合出现“两张皮”现象,实现专业教育与创新创业教育的深度融合,在理论分析的基础上,基于ADDIE模型从专业能力与需求分析、课程体系与内容设计、师资队伍与平台开发、课程实践与管理实施、课程结果与成效评估5个方面构建“专创融合”课程体系,把单一的专业化教育模式转变为能力导向型的复合型人才培养模式,着力推动跨学科融合与应用型统计分析人才的培养,提升高校应用统计学专业创新创业人才培养质量。

基于ADDIE模型的研究生积木式程序设计课程智慧课堂构建

分析智慧课堂和ADDIE模型的研究现状,提出基于ADDIE模型构建智慧课堂,以积木式程序设计课程为例,从教学流程出发,阐述如何通过实践教学案例实现基于ADDIE模型的智慧课堂构建,并通过实施后对学生进行访谈调查的数据分析,说明智慧课堂教学的有效性。

基于ADDIE+对话模式的程序设计类课程“理实一体化”教学设计

针对高校工科专业程序设计类课程传统教学模式存在的不足,提出基于ADDIE模型和对话教学框架对程序设计类课程教学进行“理实一体化”创新设计的思路,以Linux C程序设计课程为例,阐述如何合理分配理论和实践环节,开展有效融入思政元素的多维混合式教学实践,最后通过实践过程分析,说明学生的学习参与度、自主学习能力和实践创新能力显著提高。

ADDIE模型结合混合式教学在药理学思政中的实践

药理学作为专业基础课,是连接基础医学和临床医学的桥梁学科,内含丰富的思政元素。为突出思政教育在医学专业课程中的作用,通过智慧化教学工具与传统教学方法相结合的方式,将ADDIE模型结合混合式教学融入药理学课程思政的建设与应用中,充分挖掘专业知识中所蕴含的思想价值和精神内涵,创新课程思政载体,深度融入课堂设计中。通过ADDIE模型从分析到评估阶段的课程设计,结合混合式教学的具体实施过程,注重思政元素在教学活动中与知识点的融合和切入,从而持续改进教学过程,实现思政教育与专业课程的融合。

基于ADDIE模式构建以中医临床思维培养为导向的中医经典理论课程翻转课堂研究

依据ADDIE教学设计模型,以中医临床思维培养为导向将临床案例诊治过程带入课堂,开展翻转课堂模式实践探索。以中医学(“5+3”一体化)专业《金匮要略》第三章百合狐惑阴阳毒病脉证治教学为例,具体呈现ADDIE模式对翻转教学模式设计的有效引导,课后采用调查问卷了解学生对该课程教学实施效果的反馈评价。与传统教学模式相比,该教学模式让学生在完成大纲知识点的同时,激发学生学习兴趣,培养中医临床思维能力,其在提高分析和解决问题的能力方面更具优势。基于ADDIE模式构建以中医临床思维培养为导向的中医经典理论课程翻转课堂教学模式,可以改进教学方法,提高教学质量。

促进学科能力发展的化学教学实践——以“氧化剂和还原剂”为例

以ADDIE模式为基本范式,构建学科能力导向的教学设计模型。选择石化企业的克劳斯法处理H2S烟气工艺作为情境素材,围绕明晰氧化剂和还原剂、预测物质氧化性或还原性、探究物质氧化性或还原性、解决生产实际问题等教学板块,精心设计驱动性问题和多样化、梯度化的能力发展任务,使学生在问题解决、任务完成的学习过程中逐步建立认知角度,形成认识思路。

基于ADDIE模型的《药理学》课程思政教学设计与实践

目的 从课程论的认识层面出发,使用ADDIE教学模型对药理学教学过程进行设计,充分融入思政元素,创新药理学课程思政教学体系。方法 利用ADDIE教学模型,按照教学目标设计、教学策略运用、教学评价实施三个过程,对教学内容、教学模式和考核方式进行重构,深挖药理学课程中的思政元素,进行润物无声地融合。结果 构建了三位一体的药理学课程思政教学体系,积极发挥药理学思政的育人功效。结论 基于ADDIE教学模型构建的药理学课程思政教学体系能够提升教学和育人效果。

基于ADDIE教学模型的电磁场与电磁波课程思政教学设计

课程思政作为高等教育中培养学生综合素质的重要途径备受关注。在电磁场与电磁波课程中,如何有效地融入思政元素,实现知识传授与价值引领的有机统一,成为当前亟待解决的关键问题。本文基于ADDIE教学模型,对电磁场与电磁波课程思政教学设计进行了深入探讨。首先,通过对学生需求的详细分析,明确了思政教育的内容和目标;其次,根据教学目标选择合适的教学策略,以确保思政教育能够自然而然地融入课程;再者,通过有序的教学过程的实施,保障了思政教育目标的切实实现;最后,通过对教学效果的评估和反馈,不断完善课程思政的设计。基于ADDIE教学模型的电磁场与电磁波课程思政教学设计,有助于激发学生的学习热情和并提升思政素质,为培养德才兼备的高素质人才奠定了基础。

基于ADDIE模型的高职《物流信息技术》课程思政教学设计应用探索

针对课程思政教学改革中思政元素融入难、教学生硬、学生学习积极性不高等问题,以《物流信息技术》课程为例,提出了依据ADDIE模型对高职课程思政进行教学设计的方法。该方法从课程分析、课程活动设计、课程资源开发和环境设置、课程实施、评价与改进五个方面进行教学设计,并在实际实施过程中,根据学生参与数据、学习成果的质量、学生和专家的反馈意见,及时的调整和优化课程教学的各个环节,改进教学方法。结果表明极大激发了学生的学习积极性,作业提交率达到了100%;参与志愿者活动的比率大幅提高,学生综合素质明显提升,取得了良好的教学效果。

基于ADDIE模型的沉浸式电子商务教学实践探索

我国电子商务行业方兴未艾,其专业人才的需求旺盛,因而许多高职院校都开设有电子商务专业。但与此同时,高职电子商务专业的毕业生往往就业率偏低且专业不对口的问题一直存在。不少民营企业来校园招聘电子商务人才往往找不到匹配工作岗位的人才。本文分析了造成这样问题的原因,并提出了通过ADDIE模型进行沉浸式教学设计的应对措施。

基于ADDIE模型的中医院校预防医学专业流行病学课程思政教学的探索与实践

基于ADDIE模型,探索流行病学课程思政建设方法和途径,将课程思政建设融入流行病学课程建设全过程,以达到为社会培养出政治立场坚定、职业品德高尚、专业素养过硬、德才兼备的公共卫生人才。