Background: To compare the acceptability and effectiveness of three pre -medic ation regimens for manually activated cardioversion of recurrent persistent atri al fibrillation. Methods: Eighteen patients implanted wit...Background: To compare the acceptability and effectiveness of three pre -medic ation regimens for manually activated cardioversion of recurrent persistent atri al fibrillation. Methods: Eighteen patients implanted with the Jewel AF atrial d efibrillator for drug-resistant persistent atrial fibrillation only were studie d in an open-labelled randomised crossover study. Patients were assigned to sed ation (S) with midazolam elixir, analgesia(A) with morphine sulphate or combinat ion therapy(C) with dextromoramide and lorazepam. Pre-medication was taken up t o 1h before cardioversion. Patients rotated through each type of medication afte r undertaking at least one cardioversion. Visual analogue scales were completed immediately post-cardiov-ersion and 24 h later for pain, anxiety and ‘unpleas an-tness’. Higher scores represented a worse outcome. Results: After 2 years’ follow-up, 238 cardioversions were performed with S, 17 with A and 35 with C. T he mean immediate combined score for S(10.9, 95%confidence interval(CI) 8.2-13 .6) was significantly lower than for A(17.3,95%CI 15.1-19.5,P=0.01)-and for C (15.9, 95%CI 12.3-19.6, P=0.02). All patients who used S chose it as the most favourable pre-medicant. All patients who used A found it the least acceptable . Conclusion: Sedation rather than analgesia enhanced the acceptability of manua lly activated atrial defibrillation.展开更多
在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO_2/原油动态界面张力和平衡界面张力。界面张力实验发现:原油与超临界CO_2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO_2溶解抽提,...在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO_2/原油动态界面张力和平衡界面张力。界面张力实验发现:原油与超临界CO_2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO_2溶解抽提,并且随着压力的增加,这种溶解抽提作用增强;实验压力范围内,动态界面张力经过25~50 s左右可以达到一稳定值,当P≤19.998 MPa时,动态界面张力曲线波动较大,而当P≥19.998 MPa时,动态界面张力曲线基本保持不变。驱替实验结果表明:CO_2原油体系的平衡界面张力与气驱采收率之间存在关联关系:(1)随着压力升高,体系的平衡界面张力降低,气体突破时的驱油效率和气驱最终驱油效率升高;(2)压力增加到一定值后,体系平衡界面张力降低幅度减小,两种驱油效率增加的幅度也减小;(3)随着压力升高,气驱最终驱油效率与气体突破时的驱油效率之差增大。展开更多
为了提高处于超疏水状态下材料表面静态接触角测量的准确性,实现了1种将液滴顶点、倾斜程度和形状参数作为变量的鲁棒的轴对称液滴边缘形状分析(axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile,ADSA-P)算法,并将其应用于超疏水材料憎水性检...为了提高处于超疏水状态下材料表面静态接触角测量的准确性,实现了1种将液滴顶点、倾斜程度和形状参数作为变量的鲁棒的轴对称液滴边缘形状分析(axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile,ADSA-P)算法,并将其应用于超疏水材料憎水性检测。基于Young-Laplace方程仿真产生了不同体积、接触角、倾斜程度和顶点坐标的超疏水的水珠边缘,使用圆拟合算法、椭圆拟合算法与ADSA-P算法计算接触角,结果表明:随水珠体积与接触角增加,圆拟合算法与椭圆拟合算法拟合得到的边缘偏离仿真得到的液滴边缘,接触角计算误差增大,2种算法在该研究仿真设定的水珠体积和接触角范围内得到最大误差分别为-47.57°和-22.51°;ADSA-P算法在不同的水珠体积、接触角、倾斜程度和顶点坐标下拟合得到的边缘均能与仿真得到的水珠边缘非常符合,获得的接触角具有很高的准确性,误差<0.1°。基于实际超疏水材料水珠图像的接触角计算验证了圆与椭圆拟合算法误差较大而AD-SA-P算法准确性较高的分析结论。展开更多
The interaction between BSA (Bovine Serium Albumin)and SDBS (Sodium Do-decyl Benzene sulfonate) at water - air interface of aqueous solution was investigated byADSA(Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis) method. The surfac...The interaction between BSA (Bovine Serium Albumin)and SDBS (Sodium Do-decyl Benzene sulfonate) at water - air interface of aqueous solution was investigated byADSA(Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis) method. The surface tension responses to time weremeasured and compared. The results showed that (1) ADSA is a good methed to study the dy-namic change of surface tellsion to the time; (2) While SDBS concentration was less than its CMC,it could interact with BSA macro-molecule in the solution to form a complex which was moresurface active than both BSA and SDBS, and its conformation change in the adsorption layer wassimilar with that of BSA alone, (3) While SDBS concentration was larger than its CMC, its micellecould solubilize the BSA macro-molecule and the surface tension and the conformation change inthe adsorption layer was very similar with these of SDBS solution alone.展开更多
在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO2/原油和N2/原油体系的平衡界面张力。实验发现,原油与超临界CO2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO2溶解抽提,并且随着压...在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO2/原油和N2/原油体系的平衡界面张力。实验发现,原油与超临界CO2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO2溶解抽提,并且随着压力的增加,这种溶解抽提作用增强;原油与N2接触时,也存在相互扩散作用,但在本实验所测试的压力范围内(小于36MPa)并不明显。两种体系的平衡界面张力随着压力的升高逐渐降低,其中CO2/原油体系的平衡界面张力降低的幅度明显大于N2/原油体系;N2/原油体系的平衡界面张力随压力基本呈线性变化。在CO2/原油体系中,当压力低于17.7MPa时,平衡界面张力下降非常快;当压力大于17.7MPa时,CO2/原油体系的平衡界面张力下降较慢。展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of organic liquid molecular structure and the intermolecular force operating with CO2 molecules and organic liquid molecules on interfacial tension(IFT) between CO2 and organic liqui...In order to investigate the effect of organic liquid molecular structure and the intermolecular force operating with CO2 molecules and organic liquid molecules on interfacial tension(IFT) between CO2 and organic liquid at the first contact, the interfacial tension between CO2 and hexane, octane, ethanol and cyclohexane at different temperatures and pressures is measured by using the pendant drop method and the axisymmetric drop shape analysis(ADSA). The results show that the interfacial tension between CO2 and organic liquids is affected by the polarity and the structure of the organic liquid molecule obviously. The intermolecular force operating within CO2 molecules or organic liquid, and that between CO2 and organic liquids molecules play a dominate role on the interfacial tension between CO2 and the organic liquids.展开更多
文摘Background: To compare the acceptability and effectiveness of three pre -medic ation regimens for manually activated cardioversion of recurrent persistent atri al fibrillation. Methods: Eighteen patients implanted with the Jewel AF atrial d efibrillator for drug-resistant persistent atrial fibrillation only were studie d in an open-labelled randomised crossover study. Patients were assigned to sed ation (S) with midazolam elixir, analgesia(A) with morphine sulphate or combinat ion therapy(C) with dextromoramide and lorazepam. Pre-medication was taken up t o 1h before cardioversion. Patients rotated through each type of medication afte r undertaking at least one cardioversion. Visual analogue scales were completed immediately post-cardiov-ersion and 24 h later for pain, anxiety and ‘unpleas an-tness’. Higher scores represented a worse outcome. Results: After 2 years’ follow-up, 238 cardioversions were performed with S, 17 with A and 35 with C. T he mean immediate combined score for S(10.9, 95%confidence interval(CI) 8.2-13 .6) was significantly lower than for A(17.3,95%CI 15.1-19.5,P=0.01)-and for C (15.9, 95%CI 12.3-19.6, P=0.02). All patients who used S chose it as the most favourable pre-medicant. All patients who used A found it the least acceptable . Conclusion: Sedation rather than analgesia enhanced the acceptability of manua lly activated atrial defibrillation.
文摘为了提高处于超疏水状态下材料表面静态接触角测量的准确性,实现了1种将液滴顶点、倾斜程度和形状参数作为变量的鲁棒的轴对称液滴边缘形状分析(axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile,ADSA-P)算法,并将其应用于超疏水材料憎水性检测。基于Young-Laplace方程仿真产生了不同体积、接触角、倾斜程度和顶点坐标的超疏水的水珠边缘,使用圆拟合算法、椭圆拟合算法与ADSA-P算法计算接触角,结果表明:随水珠体积与接触角增加,圆拟合算法与椭圆拟合算法拟合得到的边缘偏离仿真得到的液滴边缘,接触角计算误差增大,2种算法在该研究仿真设定的水珠体积和接触角范围内得到最大误差分别为-47.57°和-22.51°;ADSA-P算法在不同的水珠体积、接触角、倾斜程度和顶点坐标下拟合得到的边缘均能与仿真得到的水珠边缘非常符合,获得的接触角具有很高的准确性,误差<0.1°。基于实际超疏水材料水珠图像的接触角计算验证了圆与椭圆拟合算法误差较大而AD-SA-P算法准确性较高的分析结论。
文摘The interaction between BSA (Bovine Serium Albumin)and SDBS (Sodium Do-decyl Benzene sulfonate) at water - air interface of aqueous solution was investigated byADSA(Axisymmetric Drop Shape Analysis) method. The surface tension responses to time weremeasured and compared. The results showed that (1) ADSA is a good methed to study the dy-namic change of surface tellsion to the time; (2) While SDBS concentration was less than its CMC,it could interact with BSA macro-molecule in the solution to form a complex which was moresurface active than both BSA and SDBS, and its conformation change in the adsorption layer wassimilar with that of BSA alone, (3) While SDBS concentration was larger than its CMC, its micellecould solubilize the BSA macro-molecule and the surface tension and the conformation change inthe adsorption layer was very similar with these of SDBS solution alone.
文摘在油藏温度下,采用ADSA(axisymmetric drop shape analysis)技术测定了不同压力下CO2/原油和N2/原油体系的平衡界面张力。实验发现,原油与超临界CO2接触的初始阶段存在强烈的扩散作用,原油中的轻质组分被超临界CO2溶解抽提,并且随着压力的增加,这种溶解抽提作用增强;原油与N2接触时,也存在相互扩散作用,但在本实验所测试的压力范围内(小于36MPa)并不明显。两种体系的平衡界面张力随着压力的升高逐渐降低,其中CO2/原油体系的平衡界面张力降低的幅度明显大于N2/原油体系;N2/原油体系的平衡界面张力随压力基本呈线性变化。在CO2/原油体系中,当压力低于17.7MPa时,平衡界面张力下降非常快;当压力大于17.7MPa时,CO2/原油体系的平衡界面张力下降较慢。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB707305)the National Key Technologies R & D Program(2012BAC24B00)+2 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(51304222)the CNPC Innovation Foundation(2013D-5006-0204)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum(YJRC-2013-20)
文摘In order to investigate the effect of organic liquid molecular structure and the intermolecular force operating with CO2 molecules and organic liquid molecules on interfacial tension(IFT) between CO2 and organic liquid at the first contact, the interfacial tension between CO2 and hexane, octane, ethanol and cyclohexane at different temperatures and pressures is measured by using the pendant drop method and the axisymmetric drop shape analysis(ADSA). The results show that the interfacial tension between CO2 and organic liquids is affected by the polarity and the structure of the organic liquid molecule obviously. The intermolecular force operating within CO2 molecules or organic liquid, and that between CO2 and organic liquids molecules play a dominate role on the interfacial tension between CO2 and the organic liquids.
