Performance for Device-to-Device Communication with Three-Time-Slot Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relay Protocol

Multi-hop device-to-device(D2D) communication can significantly improve the system performance. This paper studied the outage performance of D2 D communication assisted by another D2 D user using three-timeslot two-way amplify-and-forward relaying protocol over Rayleigh fading channels. Considering the co-channel interference from cellular user at the D2 D node,the approximate expression for the overall outage probability was derived. Furthermore,a power allocation optimum method to minimize the outage probability was developed,and the closed form expression for the optimal power allocation coefficient at the relay was derived. Simulation results demonstrate accuracy of the derived outage probability expressions. Simulation results also demonstrate that the outage performance can be improved using the proposed optimal power allocation method.

Does Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Relay Improve OFDM/OFDMA Ergodic Capacity？

The ergodic information rate for Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing/ Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access with amplify-and-forward(AF)relaying systems in the presence of frequency offsets is evaluated.Unlike previous work,per-subcarrier adaptive power allocation is performed on each relay to optimize the system ergodic information rate.For a given frequency offset and total number of relays M,the AF ergodic information rate is proven to be a monotonically increasing function of a(the ratio of the power allocated to the source node and the total transmit power),implying that the maximum ergodic information rate can be obtained at α=1(i.e.,there is no cooperative relay).Furthermore,the proof of "cooperative relays cannot improve the AF ergodic information rate in a quasi-static wireless channel" is also provided in this letter.

Opportunistic Relaying Schemes for Amplify and Forward Bidirectional Relay Channels with Multi antenna Sources

We consider a two-way relay network where the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) protocol is adopted by all relays in this paper.The network consists of two multi-antenna source nodes and multiple distributed single-antenna relays.Two opportunistic relaying schemes are proposed to efficiently utilize the antennas of the source nodes and the relay nodes.In the first scheme,the best relay is selected out by a max-min-max criterion before transmitting.After that,at each source,only the antenna with the largest channel gain between itself and the best relay is activated to transmit and receive signals with full power.In the second scheme,assisted by the best relay which is selected by the typical max-min criterion,both source nodes use all their antennas to exchange data,and match filter beamforming techniques are employed at both source nodes.Further analyses show that all schemes can achieve the full diversity order,and the conclusions are not only mathematically demonstrated but numerically illustrated.System performance comparisons are carried out by numerical methods in terms of rate sum and outage probability,respectively.The beamforming assisted scheme can be found to be superior to the antenna selection scheme when accurate Channel State Information (CSI) is available at the transmitters.Otherwise,the latter is very suitable.

Optimal power allocation for amplify-and-forward in single relay non-cooperative systems

For a single-relay amplify-and-forward (AF) non-cooperative system,an optimal power proportionbetween source and relay is considered.Aiming to minimize end-to-end bit error rate (BER) and maximizeattainable rate,both large-scale path loss and small-scale Rayleigh fading are taken into account.Aclosed form expression to allocate power in optimal proportion at source is obtained.Simulation resultsshow that the proposed scheme to distribute power can minimize BER under any channel conditions.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAYING SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE INTERFERERS AT THE RELAY

In this paper,we investigate the performance of the two-way Amplify-and-Forward(AF) relaying systems in an interference-limited Rayleigh fading environment.More specifically,assuming the presence of Rayleigh faded multiple interferers at the AF relay and noisy sources,an approximate closed-form expression for the Overall Outage Probability(OOP) and an integral expression for the average Symbol Error Probability(SEP) are derived.The analysis results are verified through com-parison with the Monte Carlo simulation results.

Greedy Algorithm Applied to Relay Selection for Cooperative Communication Systems in Amplify-and-Forward Mode

Using a relaying system to provide spatial diversity and improve the system performance is a tendency in the wireless cooperative communications. Amplify-and-forward （AF） mode with a low complexity is easy to be implemented. Under the consideration of cooperative communication systems, the scenario includes one information source, M relay stations and N destinations. This work proposes a relay selection algorithm in the Raleigh fading channel. Based on the exhaustive search method, easily to realize, the optimal selection scheme can be found with a highly complicated calculation. In order to reduce the computational complexity, an approximate optimal solution with a greedy algorithm applied for the relay station selection is proposed. With different situations of the communication systems, the performance evaluation obtained by both the proposed algorithm and the exhaustive search algorithm are given for comparison. It shows the proposed algorithm could provide a solution approach to the optimal one.

Performance analysis of amplify-and-forward cooperative diversity with multiple-antenna nodes via analog network coding

Network coding (NC), which works in the network layer, is an effective technology to improve the network throughput, by allowing the relay to encode the information from different users and ensuring the destination to retrieve the desired information. Employing network coding technique in a cooperative network can improve the network performance further. In this paper, we introduce analog network coding (ANC) to a simple two-user cooperative diversity network, which adopts amplify-and-forward (AF) mode and all nodes use multiple antennas. The impact of the number of antenna on the system achievable rate is investigated. And the bit error rate (BER) performances of the traditional relay cooperative network and the cooperative network based on analog network coding under different propagation conditions are discussed. The simulation results show that the performance of the traditional cooperative network has improved significantly due to the employ of network coding.

Asymptotic analysis of multi-branch two-way amplify-and-forward relaying in Nakagami-m fading with arbitrary fading parameter

Two-way relay networks have received lots of attention, thanks to its ability to overcome the loss in the spectral efficiency due to half-duplex transmission. Asymptotic performance analysis can provide valuable insights in- to practical system designs. However, this is a gap in two-way relay network. In this paper, the asymptotic performance is studied for multi-branch dual-hop two-way amplify-and-forward （AF） relaying networks in independently but not necessarily identically distributed （i.n.i.d.） Nakagami-m fading channels, with arbitrary m 〉 5. The approximate prob- ability density function （PDF） of the instantaneous dual-hop link power at high SNR region is derived. Then we present the asymptotic outage probability expression, and analyze the diversity order and coding gain. Simulations are per- formed to verify the tightness of the presented analysis at medium and high SNR regions.

Parameter Optimization for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Systems with Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation Scheme

Cooperative diversity is a promising technology for future wireless networks. In this paper, we consider a cooperative communication system operating in an amplify-and-forward (AF) mode with a pilot symbol as-sisted modulation (PSAM) scheme. It is assumed that a linear minimum mean square estimator (LMMSE) is used for the channel estimation at the receiver. A simple and easy-to-evaluate asymptotical upper bound (AUB) of the symbol-error-rate (SER) is derived for uncoded AF cooperative communication systems with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. Based on the AUB, we propose a criterion for the parameter optimization in the PSAM scheme. We discuss how the pilot spacing and the length of the Wiener ?lter should be chosen under the constraint of a tradeoff between pilot overhead, estimation accuracy, and receiver complexity. We also formulate an power allocation problem for the considered system. It is shown that the power allocation problem can optimally be solved by means of a gradient search method. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the correctness of the theoretical results and to demonstrate the benefits of the parameter optimization.

Outage Performance of Opportunistic Amplify-and-Forward Relaying over Asymmetric Fading Environments

This letter analyzes the outage probability of opportunistic amplify-and-forward relaying over asymmetric and independent but non-identically distributed (i.n.d) fading environments. The work investigates the scenarios where cooperative nodes are located at different geographical locations. As a result, the different signals are affected by different i.n.d fading channels, one may undergo Rician fading distribution and others may undergo Rayleigh fading distribution. In this letter, a lower bound of the outage probability for various asymmetric fading environments is derived at high SNR by applying the initial value theorem. The analytical model is validated through Monte-Carlo simulation results.

The Influence of LOS Components on the Statistical Properties of the Capacity of Amplify-and-Forward Channels

Amplify-and-forward channels in cooperative networks provide a promising improvement in the network coverage and system throughput. Under line-of-sight (LOS) propagation conditions in such cooperative networks, the overall fading channel can be modeled by a double Rice process. In this article, we have stud-ied the statistical properties of the capacity of double Rice fading channels. We have derived the analytical expressions for the probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF), level- crossing rate (LCR), and average duration of fades (ADF) of the channel capacity. The obtained results are studied for different values of the amplitudes of the LOS components in the two links of double Rice fading channels. It has been observed that the statistics of the capacity of double Rice fading channels are quite dif-ferent from those of double Rayleigh and classical Rice fading channels. Moreover, the presence of an LOS component in any of the two links increases the mean channel capacity and the LCR of the channel capacity. The validity of the theoretical results is confirmed by simulations. The results presented in this article can be very useful for communication system designers to optimize the performance of cooperative networks in wireless communication systems.

Imperfect Channel State Information of AF and DF Energy Harvesting Cooperative Networks

Wireless information and powered transfer networks(WIPT) has recently been implemented in 5th generation wireless networks. In this paper, we consider half-duplex relaying system in which the energy constrained relay node collects energy via radio frequency(RF) signals from the surrounding resources. Regarding energy harvesting protocol, we propose power time switching-based relaying(PTSR) architecture for both amplify-and-forward(AF) and decode-and-forward(DF). Especially, we reveal the analytical expressions of achievable throughput, ergodic capacity and energy-efficient in case of imperfect channel state information(CSI) for both AF and DF network. Through numerical analysis, we analyse the throughput performance, energy-efficient and ergodic capacity for different parameters, including power splitting ratio and energy harvesting time. Moreover, we also depict the performance comparison between AF and DF network with perfect and imperfect CSI. The results in numerical analysis reveal that the result of AF relaying network is less significant than DF relaying network in the various scenarios.

MSMSE-based optimal beamforming design and simplification on AF MIMO two-way relay channels

An optimal cooperative beamforming for the amplify-and-forward (AF) MIMO two-way relay channels was designed. Supposing the channel state information (CSI) was perfectly known by the receiver and transmitter as well as the relay, optimal beamforming vectors (matrices) of all nodes were jointly designed based on the criterion of minimizing the sum mean square errors (MSMSE). The analysis result shows that the performance effect of transmitting and receiving beamforming pairs is to maximize the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at two communication nodes, and the rank of the optimal relay beamforming matrix is no larger than two when there is only one data stream at each source node. A simplified algorithm was put forward to accomplish the design based on the analysis conclusions. Simulation results provide that the system performance, which is characterized in terms of bit error rates (BER), is significantly improved by cooperative beamforming, and the performance of the simplified method is not only very close to the optimal one but also with faster iteration speed and much lower computational complexity.

OPTIMAL POWER ALLOCATION WITH AF AND SDF STRATEGIES IN DUAL-HOP COOPERATIVE MIMO NETWORKS

Dual-hop cooperative Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) network with multi-relay cooperative communication is introduced. Power allocation problem with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Selective Decode-and-Forward (SDF) strategies in multi-node scenario are formulated and solved respectively. Optimal power allocation schemes that maximize system capacity with AF strategy are presented. In addition, optimal power allocation methods that minimize asymptotic Symbol Error Rate (SER) with SDF cooperative protocol in multi-node scenario are also proposed. Furthermore, performance comparisons are provided in terms of system capacity and approximate SER. Numerical and simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis. It is revealed that, maximum system capacity could be obtained when powers are allocated optimally with AF protocol, while minimization of system's SER could also be achieved with optimum power allocation in SDF strategy. In multi-node scenario, those optimal power allocation algorithms are superior to conventional equal power allocation schemes.

Modified Cooperative Subchannel Allocation Algorithms and PSO Based Power Allocation for an Alamouti Decode and Forward Relaying Protocol in Multiuser OFDMA Systems

The present work is a discussion on the performance analysis of Modified Cooperative Subchannel Allocation (CSA) Algorithms which is used in Alamouti Decoded and Forward (Alamouti DF) Relaying Protocol for wireless multi-user Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) systems. In addition, the performance of approximate Symbol Error Rate (SER) for the Alamouti DF Relaying Protocol with the Cooperative Maximum Ratio Combining Technique (C-MRC) is analyzed and compared with SER upper bound. The approximate SER is asymptotically tight bound at higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). From the asymptotic tight bound approximate SER, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based Power Allocation (PA) is determined for the Alamouti DF Relaying Protocol. The simulation results suggested that the Modified Throughput based Subchannel Allocation Algorithm achieved an improved throughput of 6% to 33% compared to that of existing cooperative diversity protocol. Further, the Modified Fairness based Subchannel Allocation Algorithm rendered fairness of 7.2% to 17% among the multiuser against the existing cooperative diversity protocol.

AF中继辅助TWR-FSO通信系统的性能分析

针对大气湍流和指向误差对自由空间光通信性能的影响会随着通信距离的增大而愈发严重,基于放大转发中继(AF),提出了一种双向中继-自由空间光通信(TWR-FSO)系统方案。该系统采用差分二进制相移键控调制,建立了一个包含大气湍流和指向误差的复合衰落信道模型,其信道衰落满足Gamma-Gamma分布。利用Meijer’s G函数推导得到TWR-FSO系统中断概率和平均误码率的闭合表达式。在不同湍流强度和阈值门限条件下,对比分析了中断概率和平均误码率性能。仿真结果表明,在受到相同指向误差的条件下,当SNR=25 dB时,AF中继相较于DF中继系统的中断概率从10^(-1)量级下降到10^(-4)量级左右。当折射率结构常数为4.0×10^(-15)m^(-2/3),SNR=40 dB时,系统的误码率可以达到10^(-8)量级以下。说明AF中继下TWR-FSO系统能有效降低大气湍流和指向误差对通信系统的影响。

基于定向天线的多中继节点的AF协同通信系统性能分析

研究了基于定向天线的多中继节点放大转发协同通信技术。首先,从理论上推导了全向发送-全向接收(without beamforming transmit-receive,N-BF),定向发送-全向接收(beamforming transmit-without beam-forming receive,T-BF)以及定向发送-定向接收(beamforming transmit-beamforming receive,TR-BF)3种模式下信道容量及其中断概率。然后,结合具体的数值仿真对不同模式下的信道容量和中断概率分别进行了详细的分析比较。结果表明,TR-BF性能最优,TR-BF以及T-BF相比N-BF而言,系统受噪声影响更小。

协同分集下AF与DF比较

在慢衰落信道中,协同分集是一种新的空间分集方式,其本质是利用分布用户的单天线形成一个虚拟的多天线系统,即形成虚拟MIMO。在其协同方式中,有AF模式和DF模式(编码协同是DF模式的一种特殊情况)。该文针对AF与DF两种基本协同方式进行了详细的比较,并在对称信道和非对称信道下进行了系统的仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明:在相同的条件下,AF模式相对于DF模式有较大的优势是因为AF模式较DF模式有较大的阵列增益,虽然两者有相同的分集增益,但DF有更大的灵活性。

两跳OFDM-AF接力系统中的子载波配对技术

分析了基于放大前传的两跳正交频分复用接力系统.针对因信号在两跳过程中被置于相同子载波传输而限制系统性能的问题,提出了子载波配对技术,并采用匈牙利算法提出了最优配对方案.进一步提出了基于子带的子载波配对方案.仿真结果表明,子载波配对技术能为系统带来约5dB的增益;基于子带的子载波配对增益略低,但能大大降低信令开销.

一种AF-MIMO中继系统中的混合协作方案

为了提升协作通信系统中放大转发方案的系统性能,提出了一种新的基于选择中继的混合协作方案.中继节点根据正确解码与否被分为两个集合P和Q,系统分别从两个集合中挑选在目的节点处具有最高信噪比的中继节点进行放大转发.推导出了新方案信道容量的闭式表达式.仿真结果表明,新方案的误码率性能和信道容量均优于传统的基于选择中继的放大转发方案.