植物通过控制细胞分裂和伸长决定器官的形状。为了研究器官形状决定的分子机理,通过EMS诱变分离得到一个叶形细长的拟南芥突变体。细胞生物学观察发现,该基因突变不仅影响了生长点中的细胞分裂,也影响了叶片细胞的形状和数目,其表皮细...植物通过控制细胞分裂和伸长决定器官的形状。为了研究器官形状决定的分子机理,通过EMS诱变分离得到一个叶形细长的拟南芥突变体。细胞生物学观察发现,该基因突变不仅影响了生长点中的细胞分裂,也影响了叶片细胞的形状和数目,其表皮细胞凸起数明显减少,呈单轴向伸长,因此将该突变体定名为slender leaves and cells(slc)。有趣的是,不同组织内细胞分裂和伸长受到不同程度的影响,说明SLC基因在协调细胞分裂和伸长过程中起关键作用。图位克隆结果表明,SLC与小RNA介导的基因沉默相关基因AGO1等位,其第574位组氨酸突变为酪氨酸。slc和ago1杂交F1代植物呈现突变体表型,证明AGO1和SLC确实为同一基因。以上结果表明,SLC/AGO1所介导的转录后基因沉默对控制植物器官和细胞形状决定均起重要作用。展开更多
Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins play primary roles in mi RNA and si RNA pathways that are essential for numerous developmental and biological processes. However, the functional roles of the four Zm AGO1 genes have not y...Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins play primary roles in mi RNA and si RNA pathways that are essential for numerous developmental and biological processes. However, the functional roles of the four Zm AGO1 genes have not yet been characterized in maize（Zea mays L.）. In the present study, Zm AGO1 a was identified from four putative Zm AGO1 genes for further characterization. Complementation of the Arabidopsis ago1-27 mutant with Zm AGO1 a indicated that constitutive overexpression of Zm AGO1 a could restore the smaller rosette, serrated leaves, later flowering and maturation, lower seed set, and darker green leaves at late stages of the mutant to the wild-type phenotype. The expression profiles of Zm AGO1 a under five different abiotic stresses indicated that Zm AGO1 a shares expression patterns similar to those of Argonaute genes in rice, Arabidopsis, and wheat.Further, variation in Zm AGO1 a alleles among diverse maize germplasm that resulted in several amino acid changes revealed genetic diversity at this locus. The present data suggest that Zm AGO1 a might be an important AGO1 ortholog in maize. The results presented provide further insight into the function of ZmAGO1a.展开更多
【目的】作物产量、生育期和抗性是生产中的3个关键因素。提高抗性往往影响产量,而高产往往伴随更长的生育期。发掘能协调这3个因素的基因,对作物高产抗病研究和育种具有重大意义。【方法】利用遗传、生化和植物病理学等技术手段,对水稻...【目的】作物产量、生育期和抗性是生产中的3个关键因素。提高抗性往往影响产量,而高产往往伴随更长的生育期。发掘能协调这3个因素的基因,对作物高产抗病研究和育种具有重大意义。【方法】利用遗传、生化和植物病理学等技术手段,对水稻miR168调控水稻产量、生育期和抗性的功能和相关机制进行了分析。【结果】过表达miR168导致稻瘟病抗性降低,植株变高,分蘖减少,产量降低,开花延迟;而表达miR168的一个模拟靶标(target mimic,MIM168)从而抑制miR168的功能后,稻瘟病抗性增强,植株变矮,分蘖和产量增加,花期提前。发现miR168影响整个miRNA网络,通过miR1320调控稻瘟病抗性,通过miR535平衡分蘖发育和稻瘟病抗性,通过miR164控制开花时间和稻瘟病抗性。相关研究成果以"Suppression of rice miR168 improves yield,flowering time and immunity"为题于2021年2月发表在国际期刊Nature Plants(doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00852-x)。【结论】成果揭示了单个miRNA可协同调控水稻产量、生育期和稻瘟病抗性。相关研究成果为水稻高产高抗病育种提供了备选基因资源。展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in a broad range of eukaryotic species.In animals,it is estimated that more than 60%of mammalian gen...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in a broad range of eukaryotic species.In animals,it is estimated that more than 60%of mammalian genes are targets of miRNAs,with miRNAs regulating cellular processes such as differentiation and proliferation.In plants,miRNAs regulate gene expression and play essential roles in diverse biological processes,including growth,development,and stress responses.Arabidopsis mutants with defective miRNA biogenesis are embryo lethal,and abnormal expression of miRNAs can cause severe developmental phenotypes.It is therefore crucial that the homeostasis of miRNAs is tightly regulated.In this review,we summarize the key mechanisms of plant miRNA biogenesis and stabilization.We provide an update on nuclear proteins with functions in miRNA biogenesis and proteins linking miRNA biogenesis to environmental triggers.展开更多
文摘植物通过控制细胞分裂和伸长决定器官的形状。为了研究器官形状决定的分子机理,通过EMS诱变分离得到一个叶形细长的拟南芥突变体。细胞生物学观察发现,该基因突变不仅影响了生长点中的细胞分裂,也影响了叶片细胞的形状和数目,其表皮细胞凸起数明显减少,呈单轴向伸长,因此将该突变体定名为slender leaves and cells(slc)。有趣的是,不同组织内细胞分裂和伸长受到不同程度的影响,说明SLC基因在协调细胞分裂和伸长过程中起关键作用。图位克隆结果表明,SLC与小RNA介导的基因沉默相关基因AGO1等位,其第574位组氨酸突变为酪氨酸。slc和ago1杂交F1代植物呈现突变体表型,证明AGO1和SLC确实为同一基因。以上结果表明,SLC/AGO1所介导的转录后基因沉默对控制植物器官和细胞形状决定均起重要作用。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31361140364 & 31171562)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA10A306)The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of CAAS to CX
文摘Eukaryotic Argonaute proteins play primary roles in mi RNA and si RNA pathways that are essential for numerous developmental and biological processes. However, the functional roles of the four Zm AGO1 genes have not yet been characterized in maize（Zea mays L.）. In the present study, Zm AGO1 a was identified from four putative Zm AGO1 genes for further characterization. Complementation of the Arabidopsis ago1-27 mutant with Zm AGO1 a indicated that constitutive overexpression of Zm AGO1 a could restore the smaller rosette, serrated leaves, later flowering and maturation, lower seed set, and darker green leaves at late stages of the mutant to the wild-type phenotype. The expression profiles of Zm AGO1 a under five different abiotic stresses indicated that Zm AGO1 a shares expression patterns similar to those of Argonaute genes in rice, Arabidopsis, and wheat.Further, variation in Zm AGO1 a alleles among diverse maize germplasm that resulted in several amino acid changes revealed genetic diversity at this locus. The present data suggest that Zm AGO1 a might be an important AGO1 ortholog in maize. The results presented provide further insight into the function of ZmAGO1a.
文摘【目的】作物产量、生育期和抗性是生产中的3个关键因素。提高抗性往往影响产量,而高产往往伴随更长的生育期。发掘能协调这3个因素的基因,对作物高产抗病研究和育种具有重大意义。【方法】利用遗传、生化和植物病理学等技术手段,对水稻miR168调控水稻产量、生育期和抗性的功能和相关机制进行了分析。【结果】过表达miR168导致稻瘟病抗性降低,植株变高,分蘖减少,产量降低,开花延迟;而表达miR168的一个模拟靶标(target mimic,MIM168)从而抑制miR168的功能后,稻瘟病抗性增强,植株变矮,分蘖和产量增加,花期提前。发现miR168影响整个miRNA网络,通过miR1320调控稻瘟病抗性,通过miR535平衡分蘖发育和稻瘟病抗性,通过miR164控制开花时间和稻瘟病抗性。相关研究成果以"Suppression of rice miR168 improves yield,flowering time and immunity"为题于2021年2月发表在国际期刊Nature Plants(doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00852-x)。【结论】成果揭示了单个miRNA可协同调控水稻产量、生育期和稻瘟病抗性。相关研究成果为水稻高产高抗病育种提供了备选基因资源。
基金Research in the Chen laboratory on small RNAs and RNA modifications is supported by grants from National Institutes of Health(R01GM061146 and R01GM129373).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in a broad range of eukaryotic species.In animals,it is estimated that more than 60%of mammalian genes are targets of miRNAs,with miRNAs regulating cellular processes such as differentiation and proliferation.In plants,miRNAs regulate gene expression and play essential roles in diverse biological processes,including growth,development,and stress responses.Arabidopsis mutants with defective miRNA biogenesis are embryo lethal,and abnormal expression of miRNAs can cause severe developmental phenotypes.It is therefore crucial that the homeostasis of miRNAs is tightly regulated.In this review,we summarize the key mechanisms of plant miRNA biogenesis and stabilization.We provide an update on nuclear proteins with functions in miRNA biogenesis and proteins linking miRNA biogenesis to environmental triggers.
