AHP-CRITIC赋权法结合多指标优选参芪归灵口服液水提工艺

目的优选参芪归灵口服液水提制备工艺及为多成分质量控制研究提供参考。方法以干膏得率、多糖、党参炔苷、阿魏酸、毛蕊异黄酮苷和3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷含量为考察指标,以煎煮次数、煎煮时间、加水量为影响因素,采用正交试验法,以AHP-CRITIC法进行赋权,依据综合评分优选水提工艺;严格考察药液相对浓度、醇沉浓度、醇沉时间对水提醇沉精制工艺的影响。结果实验表明参芪归灵口服液的最佳水提工艺为:10倍量水,煎煮60 min,煎煮3次;水提醇沉精制工艺为:药液浓度1 g/mL,醇沉浓度70%,醇沉时间12 h。结论优选的参芪归灵口服液提取工艺科学合理,可行性高,可为参芪归灵口服液及相关中药制剂的开发提供参考,为其质量控制评价提供依据。

基于AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析的生地黄炒炭工艺优选

目的:筛选生地黄炭的最佳炮制工艺参数,为生地黄炭质量控制提供综合评价模型。方法:以生地黄炭饮片6个有效成分(梓醇、地黄苷D、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、5-羟甲基糠醛)的质量分数、吸附力、得率和外观性状评分共9个评价指标,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计和单因素考察,结合层次分析法(AHP)-指标权重确定方法(CRITIC)复合熵权确定各评价指标的权重系数,以直观分析、方差分析及复合熵权法结合灰色关联度分析法对正交试验结果进行综合评价,优选生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺。结果:优选的生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺参数为:温度200℃,炒制20 min,转速25 Hz。结论:AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析法结合正交试验进行生地黄炭炮制工艺优化,各指标权重系数客观且真实,优选的炒炭工艺稳定可行,重复性良好,可以为生地黄炭炮制工艺标准及质量标准的建立提供试验依据。

基于AHP-CRITIC的D-最优混料设计优化金银花泡腾片配方

以金银花粉为主要原料,采用D-最优混料设计对金银花泡腾片混料进行优选,计算金银花泡腾片相关指标权重系数并对其进行综合评价。以金银花泡腾片的崩解时限、起泡性、感官评价作为评价指标,采用基于主观的层次分析(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)法、基于指标相关性的指标权重分析(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,CRITIC)法和AHP-CRITIC复合加权法,通过计算指标的权重系数,分析比较单一和复合的赋权法结果,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)对D-最优混料设计优化金银花泡腾片进行结构表征。结果表明,以AHP-CRITIC复合加权法得到的金银花泡腾片,崩解时限、起泡性和感官评分的复合权重系数分别是0.261、0.227和0.512;经D-最优混料设计优化得到的最优金银花泡腾片配方为金银花浸膏粉含量为23.40%、乳糖含量为34.40%、崩解剂含量为37.20%、聚乙二醇6000(polyethylene glycol 6000,PEG6000)含量为5%;通过红外光谱图发现金银花泡腾片中多酚与绿原酸等有效成分存在。

AHP-Critic法正态云模型在边坡稳定性评价中的应用

针对露天矿山边坡稳定性评价中的随机性和模糊性问题,提出了一种基于AHP-Critic法的正态云模型边坡稳定性分析方法。首先,选取容重γ、黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、坡高H和坡角α这五种具有代表性的边坡稳定性评价指标,然后基于AHP法和Critic法确定指标主客观权重,再采用乘法合成归一化方法求出综合权重;并结合正态云模型理论,确定边坡稳定性等级;最后,将该模型运用于云南某石灰岩矿山,且与强度折减法和极限平衡法计算结果进行对比验证。结果表明,该方法可行且预测结果准确,可为类似矿山边坡稳定性分析提供一种新的评价方法。

AHP-CRITIC法结合正交设计优选芪术平喘止汗胶囊水提取工艺

目的优选芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺,为其进一步开发提供参考。方法以总多糖、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、升麻素苷、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷含量和出膏率为评价指标,采用层次分析(AHP)法、基于指标相关性的权重赋权系数(CRITIC)法以及AHP-CRITIC混合加权法来确定处方中各指标的权重系数,结合正交试验结果优选出芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺参数。结果最终优选出的芪术平喘止汗胶囊的提取工艺条件为:加8倍量水加热回流提取3次,每次1.0 h。结论AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观且真实,可以更全面地反映处方的配伍信息,优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行,重复性良好,可为其后续研究与开发提供参考。

AHP-CRITIC法结合正交试验法优选如意凝胶贴膏提取工艺

目的优选如意凝胶贴膏提取工艺。方法以栀子苷含量、黄芩苷含量和干膏得率为评价指标,采用层次分析(AHP)-CRITIC法确定其权重系数;以加水量、浸泡时间、提取时间为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选如意凝胶贴膏的提取工艺,并验证。结果优选的工艺为第1次加12倍量水,提取2.0 h;第2次加10倍量水,提取1.5 h。按最优工艺进行提取,样品的干膏得率、栀子苷含量、黄芩苷含量分别为24.11%~24.23%、2.20~2.25 mg/g、12.10~12.15 mg/g。结论优选的提取工艺科学、合理,可为如意凝胶贴膏后续的研发提供依据。

Evaluation of soil erosion vulnerability in Hubei Province of China using RUSLE model and combination weighting method

Soil erosion has been recognized as a critical environmental issue worldwide.While previous studies have primarily focused on watershed-scale soil erosion vulnerability from a natural factor perspective,there is a notable gap in understanding the intricate interplay between natural and socio-economic factors,especially in the context of spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear impacts of human-land interactions.To address this,our study evaluates the soil erosion vulnerability at a provincial scale,taking Hubei Province as a case study to explore the combined effects of natural and socio-economic factors.We developed an evaluation index system based on 15 indicators of soil erosion vulnerability:exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability.In addition,the combination weighting method was applied to determine index weights,and the spatial interaction was analyzed using spatial autocorrelation,geographical temporally weighted regression and geographical detector.The results showed an overall decreasing soil erosion intensity in Hubei Province during 2000 and 2020.The soil erosion vulnerability increased before 2000 and then.The areas with high soil erosion vulnerability were mainly confined in the central and southern regions of Hubei Province(Xiantao,Tianmen,Qianjiang and Ezhou)with obvious spatial aggregation that intensified over time.Natural factors(habitat quality index)had negative impacts on soil erosion vulnerability,whereas socio-economic factors(population density)showed substantial spatial variability in their influences.There was a positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and erosion intensity,with the correlation coefficients ranging from-0.41 and 0.93.The increase of slope was found to enhance the positive correlation between soil erosion vulnerability and intensity.

Numerical Simulation of Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in Low Permeability Tight Reservoirs Based on Weighted Least Squares Meshless Method

In response to the complex characteristics of actual low-permeability tight reservoirs,this study develops a meshless-based numerical simulation method for oil-water two-phase flow in these reservoirs,considering complex boundary shapes.Utilizing radial basis function point interpolation,the method approximates shape functions for unknown functions within the nodal influence domain.The shape functions constructed by the aforementioned meshless interpolation method haveδ-function properties,which facilitate the handling of essential aspects like the controlled bottom-hole flow pressure in horizontal wells.Moreover,the meshless method offers greater flexibility and freedom compared to grid cell discretization,making it simpler to discretize complex geometries.A variational principle for the flow control equation group is introduced using a weighted least squares meshless method,and the pressure distribution is solved implicitly.Example results demonstrate that the computational outcomes of the meshless point cloud model,which has a relatively small degree of freedom,are in close agreement with those of the Discrete Fracture Model(DFM)employing refined grid partitioning,with pressure calculation accuracy exceeding 98.2%.Compared to high-resolution grid-based computational methods,the meshless method can achieve a better balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Additionally,the impact of fracture half-length on the productivity of horizontal wells is discussed.The results indicate that increasing the fracture half-length is an effective strategy for enhancing production from the perspective of cumulative oil production.

AHP-CRITIC组合赋权与突变级数法的木材加工场所粉尘爆炸风险分析

为了有效预防木材加工场所粉尘爆炸事故发生,客观准确地开展粉尘爆炸风险分析与管控,综合运用层次分析法(AHP)、CRITIC法和突变级数法开展木材加工场所粉尘爆炸风险评估。结合木材加工场所生产现状,构建基于人-机-环境-管理4个方面的木材加工车间的粉尘爆炸风险评估体系,并将危险因素总结归为四大类和24小项。选取一家木材加工场所为评估对象,分别利用AHP法与CRITIC法进行主、客观赋权与组合赋权计算,结合突变级数模型对该场所内的粉尘爆炸风险进行综合判定。结果得到总突变值为0.759,评估的爆炸风险等级为中等,建议该木材加工场所在安全制度的落实和安全教育培训等方面加强管理。结果表明:AHP-CRITIC组合赋权与突变级数法结合对木材加工场所的粉尘爆炸风险评估针对性较好,可操作性强,能够广泛地应用于该类型的粉尘防爆风险评估中。

Legendre-Weighted Residual Methods for System of Fractional Order Differential Equations

The numerical approach for finding the solution of fractional order systems of boundary value problems (BPVs) is derived in this paper. The implementation of the weighted residuals such as Galerkin, Least Square, and Collocation methods are included for solving fractional order differential equations, which is broadened to acquire the approximate solutions of fractional order systems with differentiable polynomials, namely Legendre polynomials, as basis functions. The algorithm of the residual formulations of matrix form can be coded efficiently. The interpretation of Caputo fractional derivatives is employed here. We have demonstrated these methods numerically through a few examples of linear and nonlinear BVPs. The results in absolute errors show that the present method efficiently finds the numerical solutions of fractional order systems of differential equations.

基于AHP-CRITIC权重分析法结合正交设计法优选降脂方冲泡条件的研究

目的:研究降脂方代茶饮的最佳冲泡条件。方法:以总黄酮、总生物碱、蒽醌类成分的含量以及浸膏得率作为评价指标,采用AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各指标权重系数以得出综合评分,结合正交试验优选降脂方冲泡条件中的冲泡时间、次数及加水量,并加以验证。结果:以AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数较为合理,优选的冲泡条件为20倍量的沸水冲泡3次,每次40 min。验证试验综合评分均值为97.788,RSD为1.09%(n=3)。结论:AHP-CRITIC混合加权法可用于降脂方冲泡条件优选多指标权重的建立,优选的冲泡条件经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好。

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight Theory in Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Cotton

[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.

WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARE METHOD FOR S-N CURVE FITTING

An S-N curve fitting approach is proposed based on the weighted least square method, and the weights are inversely proportional to the length of mean confidence intervals of experimental data sets. The assumption coincides with the physical characteristics of the fatigue life scatter. Two examples demonstrate the method. It is shown that the method has better accuracy and reasonableness compared with the usual least square method.

Application of combination weighting method in contract risk's evaluation of third party logistics

First,the analytical hierarchy process(AHP),which stands for the subjective weighting method,and the entropy method,which stands for the objective weighting method,are chosen to calculate the index weights of the contract risks of third party logistics(TPL),respectively.Then,they can determine the combination weights using the combination weighting method.Second,using the combination weights,the contract risks of TPL are evaluated through the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.According to the combination weights,the most important risk factor of the contract risks of TPL is choosing sub-contractors.The results are basically consistent with the facts and show that the weights determined by the combination weighting method can avoid the man-made deviations of the subjective weighting method on the one hand,and prevent results opposite to the reality brought about by the objective weighting method on the other hand.Meanwhile,the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are that the contract risks of TPL are at a high risk level.Roughly this matches real situations,and it indicates that the combination weighting method can generate the comprehensive assessment more scientifically and more reasonably as well.

基于改进的AHP-CRITIC-MARCOS配电网设备风险评估方法

实现配电网设备风险的准确评估对提高配电网的可靠性有着重要意义。针对在不同权重下同时考虑多种风险因素的评估问题,提出了一种基于改进的AHP-CRITIC-MARCOS配电网设备风险评估方法。首先,针对配电网设备风险问题选取合适的评估指标。其次,用改进的AHP方法结合CRITIC方法计算各指标的主客观综合权重。最后,利用多准则决策中的MARCOS方法计算待评估配电网设备的效用函数,并根据其对各设备的风险程度进行排序。通过算例验证了所提方法的有效性,结果可以用于设备升级改造的精准选择以及提升配电网的可靠性。

Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Entropy Weight to Evaluate Pond Water Quality

[Objective] This study was to provide references for the evaluation of water quality in aquaculture ponds by evaluating the pond water quality using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight. [Method] The fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method based on entropy weight was used to evaluate the water quality in the ponds with Ukraine scale carp （Cyprinus carpio） as the main cultivated fish. The average size of the fish was 71.4 g/ind, and totally three groups of pond were set with the population density of 6 000, 9 000, 12 000 ind/hm2. [Result] According to the GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of China, the water quality of 6 000 ind/hm2 group was Grade I, and the water quality of 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 were Grade V. [Conclusion] With the increasing of feeding density, the pond water quality would worsen, however, there is no difference on water quality between 9 000 and 12 000 ind/hm2 groups.

基于FAHP-CRITIC组合赋权的采矿方法优选

针对云南某铜矿地质条件复杂、矿体形态及产状差异明显的实际情况,为确定最优的采矿方法,提出了一种FAHP-CRITIC组合赋权优选法。首先从技术、经济、安全环保等3个方面构建评价指标体系,根据该矿的开采技术条件、实际调查结果以及借鉴类似矿山初选出3种采矿方法——大直径深孔阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法、两步骤中深孔空场嗣后充填采矿法、分段空场嗣后充填采矿法,再将各评价指标定量定性化处理后构建隶属度矩阵,运用FAHP法和CRITIC法分别确定各评价指标的主客观权重,通过矩估计法建立最优组合模型并赋权,最后将所得权重与隶属度矩阵相乘得出3种采矿方法的综合隶属度,分别为0.7473、0.4312、0.5306,故大直径深孔阶段空场嗣后充填采矿法为该矿山最优的采矿方法。矿山的生产实践表明,该采矿方法合理可靠,证明该优选方法是可行的。

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优化柏参洗剂提取工艺

目的:设计正交试验优选柏参洗剂提取工艺。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法,设计正交试验考察溶媒量、浸泡时间、蒸馏时间等因素对花椒挥发油含量影响优选提取工艺;采用层次分析法(AHP)、指标相关性权重法(CRITIC)、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定小檗碱、总苦参碱、蛇床子素和得膏率的权重系数,并结合正交试验结果优选醇提工艺。结果:对花椒挥发油提取率有显著影响的因素为蒸馏时间,优选最佳工艺为6倍溶媒量,浸泡1 h,蒸馏6 h;AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出对最佳醇提工艺为10倍40%乙醇,提取0.5 h。结论:柏参洗剂的提取工艺稳定可行,可为工业生产提供数据参考。

基于AHP-CRITIC组合赋权法的长白山天然林空间结构优化调整

【目的】合理采伐能促进林木生长,提高林分生产力。探索林分空间结构优化,以期为该地区天然林林分采伐木的选择提供新的指导工具。【方法】本文采用4块不同优势树种的天然林固定样地监测数据,基于混交度(M)、角尺度(W)、大小比数(U)和Hegyi竞争指数(CI)4种空间结构指数,根据AHP-CRITIC组合赋权法构建单木采伐指数(Fi),分析不同强度的采伐模拟前后林分空间结构变化。【结果】4个样地采伐后的空间结构均得到一定程度的优化:混交度提高,林木大小分化程度减少,林分水平分布格局趋向于随机分布,林分竞争压力也得到很大的缓解。其中竞争指数随着采伐强度的增加呈现持续下降的趋势,在30%采伐强度下最多减少了24.80%~34.88%,大小比数最多减少了24.97%,混交度最高提升了12.76%。采伐木主要集中于林分密度较大的区域,采伐木的胸径以中小型居多。【结论】对于天然纯林,适度加大采伐强度可以更好地调节林分空间结构,而对于天然混交林,进行相对较低强度的采伐可以在其整体结构获得优化的同时保持较高程度的树种混交。研究同时证明了AHP-CRITIC组合赋权法用于构建采伐指数的合理性,基本实现了对长白山地区天然林林分结构的优化调整,可为合理选取采伐木、科学经营森林提供技术支持。

基于AHP-CRITIC权重分析法和热分析技术的小米炒党参炮制工艺研究

目的基于热分析技术及混合权重的响应面实验优选小米炒党参炮制工艺。方法运用热分析技术对小米炒党参炮制前后的有效成分进行热解特性分析,得出适宜的炮制温度范围,同时从热分析角度初步解析其炮制机理;以指标性成分5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、党参炔苷、白术内酯Ⅲ、党参多糖的含量结合外观性状为评价指标,采用层次分析法AHP(The analytic hierarchy process)结合CRITIC权重法确立各评价指标的权重系数,并利用响应面法考察炒制温度、炒制时间、辅料用量对小米炒党参综合评分的影响,优选小米炒党参炮制工艺。结果热分析结果表明党参炮制后主要影响党参的多糖类成分及苷类成分,小米炒党参最佳炮制温度范围为120~220℃;以AHP-CRITIC混合权重法得出党参炔苷、党参多糖、白术内酯Ⅲ、5-HMF、外观性状的权重分别是0.4345、0.1768、0.1393、0.0889、0.1605;以此进行综合评分,通过响应面法优选得到小米炒党参最佳炮制工艺为每100 kg党参加小米20 kg,165℃炒制5 min。结论结合了热分析技术与AHP-CRITIC混合权重法的响应面实验所优化的炮制工艺合理可行,可为小米炒党参的质量标准的建立及工业化生产提供参考。