Bias in Generative AI Systems:A 3-Layer Response and Liability Determination

The risk of bias is widely noticed in the entire process of generative artificial intelligence(generative AI)systems.To protect the rights of the public and improve the effectiveness of AI regulations,feasible measures to address the bias problem in the context of large data should be proposed as soon as possible.Since bias originates in every part and various aspects of AI product lifecycles,laws and technical measures should consider each of these layers and take different causes of bias into account,from data training,modeling,and application design.The Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative AI Service(the Interim Measures),formulated by the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission(CAC)and other departments have taken the initiatives to govern AI.However,it lacks specific details on issues such as how to prevent the risk of bias and reduce the effect of bias in decision-making.The Interim Measures also fail to take causes of bias into account,and several principles must be further interpreted.Meanwhile,regulations on generative AI at the global level are still in their early stages.By forming a governance framework,this paper could provide the community with useful experiences and play a leading role.The framework includes at least three parts:first,determining the realm of governance and unifying related concepts;second,developing measures for different layers to identify the causes and specific aspects of bias;third,identifying parties with the skills to take responsibility for detecting bias intrusions and proposing a program for the allocation of liabilities among the large-scale platform developers.

An Anti-Poisoning Attack Method for Distributed AI System

In distributed AI system, the models trained on data from potentially unreliable sources can be attacked by manipulating the training data distribution by inserting carefully crafted samples into the training set, which is known as Data Poisoning. Poisoning will to change the model behavior and reduce model performance. This paper proposes an algorithm that gives an improvement of both efficiency and security for data poisoning in a distributed AI system. The past methods of active defense often have a large number of invalid checks, which slows down the operation efficiency of the whole system. While passive defense also has problems of missing data and slow detection of error source. The proposed algorithm establishes the suspect hypothesis level to test and extend the verification of data packets and estimates the risk of terminal data. It can enhance the health degree of a distributed AI system by preventing the occurrence of poisoning attack and ensuring the efficiency and safety of the system operation.

Orientation and Decision-Making for Soccer Based on Sports Analytics and AI:A Systematic Review

Due to ever-growing soccer data collection approaches and progressing artificial intelligence(AI) methods, soccer analysis, evaluation, and decision-making have received increasing interest from not only the professional sports analytics realm but also the academic AI research community. AI brings gamechanging approaches for soccer analytics where soccer has been a typical benchmark for AI research. The combination has been an emerging topic. In this paper, soccer match analytics are taken as a complete observation-orientation-decision-action(OODA) loop.In addition, as in AI frameworks such as that for reinforcement learning, interacting with a virtual environment enables an evolving model. Therefore, both soccer analytics in the real world and virtual domains are discussed. With the intersection of the OODA loop and the real-virtual domains, available soccer data, including event and tracking data, and diverse orientation and decisionmaking models for both real-world and virtual soccer matches are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, some promising directions in this interdisciplinary area are pointed out. It is claimed that paradigms for both professional sports analytics and AI research could be combined. Moreover, it is quite promising to bridge the gap between the real and virtual domains for soccer match analysis and decision-making.

Enhancing AI System Privacy:An Automatic Tool for Achieving GDPR Compliance in NoSQL Databases

The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act(AI Act)imposes requirements for the privacy compliance of AI systems.AI systems must comply with privacy laws such as the GDPR when providing services.These laws provide users with the right to issue a Data Subject Access Request(DSAR).Responding to such requests requires database administrators to identify information related to an individual accurately.However,manual compliance poses significant challenges and is error-prone.Database administrators need to write queries through time-consuming labor.The demand for large amounts of data by AI systems has driven the development of NoSQL databases.Due to the flexible schema of NoSQL databases,identifying personal information becomes even more challenging.This paper develops an automated tool to identify personal information that can help organizations respond to DSAR.Our tool employs a combination of various technologies,including schema extraction of NoSQL databases and relationship identification from query logs.We describe the algorithm used by our tool,detailing how it discovers and extracts implicit relationships from NoSQL databases and generates relationship graphs to help developers accurately identify personal data.We evaluate our tool on three datasets,covering different database designs,achieving an F1 score of 0.77 to 1.Experimental results demonstrate that our tool successfully identifies information relevant to the data subject.Our tool reduces manual effort and simplifies GDPR compliance,showing practical application value in enhancing the privacy performance of NOSQL databases and AI systems.

AI-Driven Learning Management Systems:Modern Developments, Challenges and Future Trends during theAge of ChatGPT

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions limited all social activities to curtail the spread of the virus.The foremost and most prime sector among those affected were schools,colleges,and universities.The education system of entire nations had shifted to online education during this time.Many shortcomings of Learning Management Systems(LMSs)were detected to support education in an online mode that spawned the research in Artificial Intelligence(AI)based tools that are being developed by the research community to improve the effectiveness of LMSs.This paper presents a detailed survey of the different enhancements to LMSs,which are led by key advances in the area of AI to enhance the real-time and non-real-time user experience.The AI-based enhancements proposed to the LMSs start from the Application layer and Presentation layer in the form of flipped classroom models for the efficient learning environment and appropriately designed UI/UX for efficient utilization of LMS utilities and resources,including AI-based chatbots.Session layer enhancements are also required,such as AI-based online proctoring and user authentication using Biometrics.These extend to the Transport layer to support real-time and rate adaptive encrypted video transmission for user security/privacy and satisfactory working of AI-algorithms.It also needs the support of the Networking layer for IP-based geolocation features,the Virtual Private Network(VPN)feature,and the support of Software-Defined Networks(SDN)for optimum Quality of Service(QoS).Finally,in addition to these,non-real-time user experience is enhanced by other AI-based enhancements such as Plagiarism detection algorithms and Data Analytics.

Personalized Health Monitoring Systems: Integrating Wearable and AI

The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearable technologies and AI on healthcare, highlighting the development and theoretical application of the Integrated Personal Health Monitoring System (IPHMS). By integrating data from various wearable devices, such as smartphones, Apple Watches, and Oura Rings, the IPHMS framework aims to revolutionize personal health monitoring through real-time alerts, comprehensive tracking, and personalized insights. Despite its potential, the practical implementation faces challenges, including data privacy, system interoperability, and scalability. The evolution of healthcare technology from traditional methods to AI-enhanced wearables underscores a significant advancement towards personalized care, necessitating further research and innovation to address existing limitations and fully realize the benefits of such integrated health monitoring systems.

AI赋能视角下的信息行为研究--2023年信息行为研究年会综述

2023年12月23—24日,2023年信息行为研究年会在北京大学召开,来自全国70多所高校的200余位知名专家学者和学生参加了会议。本次年会以“AI赋能视角下的信息行为研究”为主题,设置了主旨报告、专题讨论、海报展示、分论坛报告、眼动追踪工作坊等环节,围绕信息行为研究领域在新一代人工智能(AI)技术浪潮下的理论创新、方法应用、情境拓展、人本关怀、社会发展等方面进行深入研讨。文章综述了与会者的学术成果与主要观点,为信息行为研究的发展与创新提供理论启迪与研究指引。

用户知识问答转移行为研究:从问答社区到生成式AI

[研究目的]作为一类新兴应用,生成式AI在知识问答领域吸引了众多用户,这可能导致传统的知识问答社区用户流失,因此研究用户转移行为对提高知识问答社区用户粘性来说至关重要。[研究方法]基于PPM(推-拉-锚)模型,整合认知和情感体验因素,研究了用户的知识问答转移行为。对收集的483份有效数据采用混合方法包括结构方程模型(SEM)和模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)进行分析。[研究结论]研究结果发现,转移意愿受推力因素(信息过载、社区倦怠)、拉力因素(感知拟人度、感知准确度、感知可信度、沉浸体验)和锚定因素(社会影响)的综合影响。fsQCA识别出了三条导致转移意愿的主要路径。研究结果启示问答社区需降低信息过载,缓解用户的社区倦怠,从而实现用户保持和平台可持续发展。

生成式AI视域下智慧图书馆建设的关键路径

[目的/意义]智慧图书馆已经成为当今图书馆学界和业界最热门的主题之一。智慧图书馆建设的理论研究与实践工作已经取得了初步成效,生成式AI也在蓬勃发展的同时参与到各行各业的建设中。因此有必要立足当下发展,放眼远景目标,确定生成式AI参与智慧图书馆建设的策略。[方法/过程]本文从智慧图书馆空间升级、服务打造、业务重组、人才培养、体系建设5个方面阐明了生成式AI视域下智慧图书馆建设的关键路径。[结果/结论]关键路径研究将为生成式AI引入智慧图书馆下一阶段的建设工作提供借鉴与依据。

Sora的职业影响:知识工作者应对AI核心技能替代的策略

AIGC技术的快速发展使人类独有的核心技能逐渐被AI突破和替代,这一趋势给知识工作者带来了前所未有的挑战和焦虑。文章分析OpenAI最新发布的Sora视频生成模型引发的岗位替代威胁,探讨知识工作者应对挑战的策略:采用“人在环中”(HITL)的工作策略、促进多AI智能体之间的协作、利用AI工具学习和掌握新的AI知识和技能,助力知识工作者既能维持职场竞争力,又能探索和创造AI时代新的工作机会。

生成式AI影响下的艺术媒介本体论转向

以Midjourney为代表的生成式AI模型中的“文字转图像”(Text-to-image)技术正在被广泛应用,其崭新的交互方式向大众宣告了生成式AI带领当代艺术步入“艺术大众化”时代。生成式AI技术影响下的艺术传播媒介发生了巨大变迁。艺术媒介已不仅具有“材料”“媒材”“质料”等传统属性,艺术传播的媒介环境从“再现”走向“再生产”;艺术媒介从“聚块”(Agglomerations)的传播模式发展为多元形态,在分散且广泛的“灰色媒介”中,艺术媒介的“物质性”被关注;人机艺术传播中的“媒介在场”和“社会在场”共同建构社会景观,塑造社会现实。

新农科背景下基于AI昆虫识别软件的实验教学改革

从昆虫智能识别入手开展新农科背景下昆虫学的实验教学改革和实践。软件由昆虫图片上传、模型训练、目标检测以及导出结果4个模块组成。完成目标检测的图片根据需要保存。AI昆虫识别软件的开发过程在Visual Studio Code环境下进行,采用Python语言进行编程,实现对拍摄图片的高效率、高精度检测。最后拟通过学生本科实验教学环节,开放成为农科学生进行昆虫识别鉴定的实践工具,极大激发农科学生的上课激情,同时也有助于在新农科背景下培养农科类学生的现代农业创新思维。

AI涌现:国际传播生态新物种、新范式和新秩序

以Chat GPT为代表的生成式AI进入国际传播生态,兼具生产者和消费者双重身份,成为传播新物种。人机共存、人机共有、人机共创将是国际传播的新面向。生成式AI在与既有传播主体的碰撞与融合中,催生了国际传播新范式,但同时也伴随着虚假信息泛滥、技术发展失衡和违背伦理法规等风险。因此,国际传播的新秩序亟待重构,从全方位提升国际传播主体能力、多层次多角度展开叙事内容和全过程治理传播等方向构建新秩序或是可行之路。

以ChatGPT为代表的AI技术与高等教育的深度融合

随着人工智能技术飞速发展,以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能技术已经逐渐成为人们关注的焦点。旨在探讨ChatGPT技术与高等教育的深度融合研究,分析其对高等教育的影响和挑战,并提出相应的解决方案。首先,介绍了ChatGPT技术的基本原理和特点,包括其语言生成模型的构建、预训练和优化等;然后,通过分析ChatGPT技术在高等教育中的应用场景,如智能教育、在线教学、个性化推荐等,探讨了其对高等教育的影响和挑战;最后,提出了一些解决方案,比如加强ChatGPT技术与高等教育的深度融合、建立完善的教育监管机制等,以应对ChatGPT技术在高等教育中面临的挑战。

人工智能与舞蹈:“AI+”的身体美学构建

后人类时代,人工智能技术为艺术发展提供新的条件和可能性,使舞蹈艺术的“身体—科技”审美意象在舞者、场景与观众的“具身”或“离身”交互、虚实相生中得以构建。AI的参与增强了舞蹈艺术的体验性,并为舞蹈艺术带来超越性,使得“身体—未来”的意义在由元宇宙所创建的身体“E托邦”世界里生成。当代舞剧的“后人类叙事”讲述了中国式现代化的爱情、亲情故事,蕴含着中国式的浪漫,使“身体—叙事”的想象在中国式的“后人类叙事”中重组。

AI仅仅是管理教育的新工具吗?

2023年9月27日,在重庆顺利举行的“中国管理50人”2023年秋季论坛上,复旦大学的芮明杰教授发表了题为“AI仅仅是管理教育的新工具吗?”的演讲。芮教授介绍了AI的价值理性与工具理性,分析了AI作为一种工具与管理教育的相关度,以及AI从工具转为主体后,管理教育的未来,并号召管理学者深入研究AI作为管理教育工具时,应取得价值理性与工具理性的统一。以下内容整理自现场演讲,有删节。

基于AI的肺磨玻璃结节中医临床特点研究

目的通过客观、规范的方法分析肺磨玻璃中医临床特点,利用人工智能(AI)分析肺磨玻璃结节恶性风险,初步探究不同风险肺磨玻璃结节中医临床特点,为中医药干预肺结节提供参考。方法采集75例肺磨玻璃结节患者中医四诊信息,运用证素辨证方法提取证素;利用AI判读患者胸部CT,分析不同风险肺磨玻璃结节中医临床特点。结果肺磨玻璃结节患者中医证素以阴虚(77.33%)、气虚(56.00%)、阳虚(54.67%)、血虚(52.00%)等证素多见,亦可见痰(40.00%)、寒(37.33%)、气滞(32.00%)等实性证素;AI判读为高风险组较中低风险组气虚证素权值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺磨玻璃结节患者中医辨证以虚证为主,中医病机为气虚或气滞导致肺之气机不畅,引起局部痰、湿聚集于肺络而形成,而热证、瘀血证较少。

数字化转型下AI课堂观察系统使用对师生课堂行为的影响——基于W中学412节课例的循证研究

当前,课堂教学的数字化转型实践和应用正如火如荼,但师生可能因习惯于传统教学环境而对新技术的引入产生抵触情绪,从而影响数字化转型的成效。对此,文章以武汉市W中学七年级四个班的412节课例为研究样本,通过前后测实验设计,对比了AI课堂观察系统投入使用前后师生的课堂行为变化情况、不同特征(包括科目、职称、性别)教师的课堂行为差异,结果发现:AI课堂观察系统对师生课堂行为有一定的影响,且这种影响会随着时间的推移而减弱;AI课堂观察系统对不同特征教师产生了不同程度的影响。文章的研究揭示了课堂教学数字化转型面临的实践挑战,可为课堂教学创新的科学管理提供理论支撑和实践参考。

结合地理信息与AIS数据的海上航道自适应提取方法

海上航道对于海上态势感知具有重要意义。然而,现有的航道提取方法存在航道航路点易丢失、提取准确性不高等问题,本文依据船舶航路点数量与其途经岛屿、港口等地理区域数量相等的准则,提出了一种结合地理信息与自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System, AIS)数据的海上航道自适应提取方法。首先,构建港口之间往返船只AIS航迹数据集,将每条AIS航迹等间距分段并计算每段航迹的平均航速,设置航速差初始阈值,计算相邻航段平均航速差超过阈值的数量作为初始船只转弯次数。其次,统计AIS航迹途经岛屿、港口等地理区域的数量,若其与利用AIS航迹提取的船舶转弯次数不相等,则根据两者的差异自适应调整航速差阈值,重新提取船舶航路点,直至其与途经地理区域的数量相等,将平均航速差超出最终阈值的航迹段的连接点作为船舶航路点。然后,利用基于密度的聚类算法将所有船舶的航路点聚类为航路点集合,计算航路点集合的质心作为航道的航路点。最后,以航道航路点为顶点、航路点之间的连线为边构建有向图,并删除落在陆地上的连线后得到最终的航道提取结果。利用潍坊港—连云港港之间行驶的20条船舶的AIS数据开展了海上航道提取实验,结果表明,与基于交通路径异常检测的航道提取方法相比,本文方法得到的船舶航路点的平均虚检率降低了9.1%,平均漏检率降低了16.7%,显著提升了航道航路点位置提取的准确性。

Sora与未来叙事:AI如何颠覆内容创作

2024年2月16日,OpenAI发布了其首个文生视频模型Sora。这一突破性模型的发布在行业内引起了轰动,重新定义了当前AI文生视频技术的极限,彻底颠覆了生成式AI在视频领域的全球市场格局。Sora不仅仅是一个技术突破,更是对人类叙事方式的一次深刻挑战,预示着内容生产领域未来的无限可能,也让我们对通用人工智能(AGI)的进步更加期待。