Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children:An overview of systematic reviews

Objective:To summarize the characteristics and evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence within systematic reviews(SRs)of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)inchildren.Methods:SRs of randomized controlled trials were searched using PubMed,the Cochrane Library,Embase,the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases(CNKI),the Chinese Scientific Journals Database(VIP),Wanfang,and the SinoMed Database.SRs on the use of CHM alone or in combination with Western medications for MPP in children were included.The study compared the effects of Western medicine alone with those of CHM.The evidence quality using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR)2,the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020,and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)criteria.The primary indicators were the total effective rate,fever subsidence time,and cough disappearance time.The secondary outcomes were pulmonary rale disappearance time,average hospitalization time,lung X-ray infiltrate disappearance time,immunological indices,and inflammatory cytokine levels.Results:Twelve relevant SRs were included;75%(9/12)were assessed as very low quality,and 25%(3/12)Were rated as low quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria.According to the PRISMA 2020 checklist,the average SR score was 20.3 out of a 27 point maximum.In all SRs,CHM demonstrated improvement in symptoms and signs among children with MPP.The evidence quality using the GRADE criteria ranged from"very low"(>50%)to"moderate"(<5%).The most common downgrading factor was imprecision,followed by publication bias and inconsistency.Conclusion:This overview highlights the limited quality of the methodology and evidence of the included SRs.Although the included studies showed the beneficial effects of CHM on MPP in children,it was difficult to draw firm conclusions owing to methodological flaws.

Preparation of Ephedra houttuynia Granule and Its Therapeutic Mechanism of Anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection Based on Network Pharmacology

The use of Chinese herbal medicines can replace antibiotics that cause drug-resistance problems,which are currently necessary for disease control.In this paper,a traditional Chinese medicine compound named Ephedra houttuynia granule for the treatment of Mycoplasma galliscepticum(MG)infection was prepared.Furthermore,its action mechanism was explored through network pharmacology.The optimal extraction and granulation processes of the compound were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method and L9 orthogonal test,and in the treatment experiment,Ephedra houttuynia granule showed a significant therapeutic effect on MG infection.In the study of network pharmacology,the results showed that the core targets of Ephedra houttuynia granule against MG infection were vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFA),fos proto-oncogene(FOS),prepro-coagulation factor II(F2),etc.,the gene ontology/kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(GO/KEGG)analysis results indicated that the signaling pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction,cAMP,IL-17,T cell receptor,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)might involve in anti-MG infection.In conclusion,this study would provide a new idea for elucidating the action mechanism of other diseases in veterinary clinic,which had a certain guiding significance.

Research Progress on Combined Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children

With the continuous development of medical technology,combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine has gradually become a research hotspot.As a common disease in pediatrics,the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children is also being explored and improved.This article summarizes the research progress of combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment of MPP in children in recent years,aiming to provide a useful reference for the combined treatment of MPP in children.The article firstly introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of MPP in children,thereafter briefly introduces the Western anti-infective treatment and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)diagnosis and treatment of MPP in children,and lastly introduces the methods of combined treatment of TCM and Western medicine in detail.The article points out that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can give full play to the overall regulation of Chinese medicine and the precise treatment advantages of Western medicine,improve the therapeutic effect,reduce the use of antibiotics,and lower the recurrence rate of the disease,which is worthy of further research and promotion.

Analysis of the Role of D-Dimer,Interleukin-6,and Interleukin-18 in Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia

Objective:To analyze the value of D-dimer(D-D),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-18 in the differential diagnosis of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP).Methods:The medical records of 92 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)treated in the hospital were selected for retrospective analysis from January 2023 to January 2024.After comprehensive examinations such as computed tomography examination of the chest,48 children with general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(GMPP)were put in the GMPP group and 44 children with RMPP were grouped in the RMPP group.The IL-6,IL-18,and D-D levels were compared between the two groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted to analyze their value for differential diagnosis of RMPP.Results:The levels of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D in the RMPP group were higher than those in the GMPP group(P<0.05);the ROC curves showed that the specificity of the differential diagnosis of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D was higher,and their diagnostic value was significant.Conclusion:Determination of IL-6,IL-18,and D-D levels in children with MPP can further diagnose the children’s condition,which can help physicians formulate targeted treatment plans,and is of great significance to the improvement of the children’s condition,which is worthy of attention.

Mycoplasmas and Mycoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats

The known mycoplasmas isolated from goats and sheep were listed. The pathogenicity of these mycoplasmas and their effects during occurrence of mycoplasmosis were summarized.

Detection of Mycoplasmas in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease of the motor neurons and the cause is unknown. Diverse factors such as genetic defects, nutritional deficiencies, head trauma, environmental toxin, autoimmune responses and viral and bacterial infections are involved. Mycoplasmas have been implicated as causal agents of different illnesses in human. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of mycoplasmas in the bloodstream of patients with ALS. Patients with ALS and healthy individuals were included in the study. A blood sample was taken in tubes with or without anticoagulant. Mycoplasmas were detected by culture or direct PCR, and the presence of antibodies IgM and IgG against LAMPs of these microorganisms by Western blot. Cultures for aerobic facultative bacteria were also done. Blood samples from 13 patients and 44 healthy individuals were screened. All blood cultures for non-fermentative mycoplasmas and aerobic facultative bacteria were negative. Cultures for fermentative mycoplasmas were considered positive after identification of mycoplasmal DNA by PCR. Mycoplasma sp. was detected by culture or direct PCR in 6/13 (46%) patients and in 4/44 (9%) of healthy individuals. M. fermentans was detected by PCR using specific primers in six patients and in two healthy individuals. IgM against LAMPs of M. fermentans were detected in 6/13 (46%) blood samples from patients and in 13/44 (30%) from healthy individuals, while. IgG was detected in 4/13 (31%) patients and in 3/44 (7%) healthy individuals. The results of this study show that mycoplasmas cause a systemic infection and could play a role in the origin or progression of the ALS.

Clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in children caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae with or without myocardial damage:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)is a prevalent pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children and adolescents.AIM To assess the differences in the clinical features of MP-associated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children who presented with mild or severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP);to identify the incidence of myocardial damage between the two groups.METHODS This work is a retrospective study.We identified children between 2 mo and 16 years of age with clinical and radiological findings consistent with CAP.We admitted patients to the inpatient department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University,Changchun,China,from January 2019 to December 2019.RESULTS A total of 409 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with MPP.Among them were 214(52.3%)males and 195(47.7%)females.The duration of fever and cough was the longest in severe MPP cases.Similarly,plasma levels of highly sensitive Creactive protein(t=-2.834,P<0.05),alanine transaminase(t=-2.511,P<0.05),aspartate aminotransferase(t=-2.939,P<0.05),and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(t=-2.939,P<0.05)were all elevated in severe MPP cases compared with mild MPP cases,and these elevations were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conversely,the neutrophil percentage was significantly lower in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.The incidence of myocardial damage was significantly higher in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases(χ^(2)=157.078,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the main cause of CAP.The incidence of myocardial damage was higher and statistically significant in severe MPP cases than in mild MPP cases.

Isolation and Progeny Transmission of Non-Temperature-Sensitive MS-H Vaccine Strains of Mycoplasma synoviae from Temperature-Sensitive MS-H-Vaccinated Laying Breeder Hens

This pilot study reports the vertical transmission and reverse thermosensitivity of the MS-H vaccine strain of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) by RAPD in commercial breeders and their progeny. At two weeks of age, breeders were vaccinated with the ts+ MS-H strain. At 9 weeks of age, an outbreak of infectious synovitis (IS) was detected in the progeny. Tracheal swab samples were collected from breeders at 24, 39, 48, and 70 weeks of age. At 9 weeks, pullets swab from the elbow joints were collected. RAPD was performed on the isolates at 39.5°C, and the same ts- MS-H strains were identified in the breeder hens and their progeny. Tracheal swabs from breeder hens were negative to MS isolation at 37°C and 39.5°C at 24- and 39-weeks. MS isolation was recovered from tracheal swabs from 9/10 and 10/10 breeders at 48- and 70- week. At 9 weeks of age in the progeny, MS was isolated from tracheal swabs of 10/10 from non-IS pullets. MS was isolated from 9/10 joints samples. The isolates from breeder hens and their progeny showed non-significant differences in five antimycoplasmic MIC100 values;otherwise, enrofloxacin presented a significant difference in MIC100 value (p < 0.05). This investigation demonstrated the reversal of the thermosensitivity, pathogenicity, and vertical transmission of the MS-H strain. Consequently, it is crucial to contemplate the danger of reversing pathogenicity and transmission to progeny when applying the MS-H vaccine strain.

Antibiotics Resistance of Urogenital Mycoplasma in Sexually Active Women Attending Gynecologic Consultation in Douala (Cameroon)

Introduction: Mycoplasmas are bacteria commonly found in the commensal flora of humans and can occasionally be pathogenic. The population and the geographical area determine their susceptibility to various antibiotics. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study from January to June 2022 at the Douala General Hospital. All women who were sexually active and willing to participate were included. Endo-cervical swabbing was used to collect the samples. Culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed in a liquid medium using Mycoplasma-SystemPlus Gallery (Liofilchem). All samples that degraded urea (threshold > 103 for Ureaplasma urealyticum) and arginine (threshold > 104 for Mycoplasma hominis) were deemed positive. Results: A total of 107 women with a median age of 33 ± 8.3 years and a predominance of 30-40 years (41.1%) were included. The frequency of mycoplasma infection was 73.8% with 34.1%, 11.4% and 54.4% for Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and co-infection respectively. Resistance rates to Minocycline were low, 1.3% for Ureaplasma urealyticum and 3.7% for co-infection;for Pefloxacin the resistance rates were 3.7% (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) and 22.8% (co-infection). Ureaplasma urealyticum had a resistance rate of 3.7% for Erythromycin, 1.3% for Clarithromycin and 5% for Azithromycin. There was no significant correlation between risk factors and infection. Vaginal cleansing and the development of resistance in mycoplasma infection were found to be significantly correlated (OR = 6.915 [1.52 - 31.55];(p = 0.013)). Conclusion: Minocycline was the most active antibiotic and Ureaplasma urealyticum was the species with the lowest rate of resistance. Antibiotic resistance was more common in co-infected people than mono-infected. Antibiotic resistance was independently correlated with vaginal douching.

滑液囊支原体与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒共感染对SPF鸡的致病性研究

为比较滑液囊支原体(MS)和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)共感染对SPF鸡的致病性,本研究将144只28日龄SPF鸡随机均分为阴性对照组、MS感染组、IBV-M41感染组、IBV-M41+MS共感染组、IBV-QX感染组、IBV-QX+MS共感染组共6组,采用50μL/只剂量按相应分组点眼感染MS (106CCU50)、IBV(105EID50),阴性对照组以50μL/只点眼KM2培养基(左眼)和PBS (右眼)。感染后每天观察临床症状,在感染后7 d、14 d、21 d和28 d每组随机剖检6只鸡,观察气囊炎和气囊损伤评分,并采集气管进行病原再分离,其中MS经支原体液体培养基培养后进行PCR鉴定,IBV接种SPF鸡胚后进行RT-PCR鉴定。此外,各组鸡气管均经10%甲醛固定后进行粘膜厚度检测以及病理损伤评分。结果显示:除阴性对照组和MS感染组,其他组鸡在感染后4 d均出现一过性呼吸道症状。剖检结果显示MS感染组鸡在感染后21 d出现气囊炎,28 d仍可见气囊炎;而IBV-M41感染组和IBV-QX感染组鸡在感染后7 d或14 d出现气囊炎,且气囊炎的发生率均未超过50%。感染后14 d IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡气囊炎发生率达100%(6/6),直至21 d并且大部分鸡气囊炎可持续至感染后28 d (5/6),而IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡气囊炎仅可持续至感染后21 d,且气囊炎的发生率最高在感染后14 d (5/6)。IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡平均气囊损伤评分在感染后14 d、21d和28 d均极显著高于单一感染组(P<0.001),而IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡仅在感染后14 d极显著高于单一感染组(P<0.001)。病原再分离结果显示,各感染组鸡均在气管中再分离到MS(感染后28 d内)或IBV(感染后7 d内)。病理损伤检测结果显示,共感染组鸡较各单一感染组鸡气管粘膜增厚持续时间更长以及病理损伤更为严重。IBV-M41+MS共感染组鸡在感染后14 d平均气管粘膜厚度显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组(P<0.05),而在感染后21 d极显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组(P<0.001),其余各组鸡在感染后14 d和21 d均极显著低于IBV-QX+MS共感染组鸡(P<0.001)。IBV M41+MS共感染组鸡最早14 d出现气管病变,而IBV QX+MS共感染组鸡在共感染后7 d就可见气管病理损伤,且共感染组鸡的平均气管损伤评分均极显著高于单一MS或IBV感染组(P<0.01或P<0.001)。上述结果证实MS和IBV共感染较单一感染对28日龄SPF鸡的致病性更强,IBV M41或QX株与MS共感染对SPF鸡的致病性存在差异,本研究为临床IB和MS的防控提供科学参考依据。

儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的Meta分析

背景近年来,儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的发病率持续上升,重症肺炎支原体肺炎的发病人数也相应升高,引起了临床医师的广泛关注。了解与重症肺炎支原体肺炎相关的危险因素,以判断患儿病情的严重程度、预防重症发生和减少后遗症,一直是研究的热点。虽然已经有许多关于重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的研究,但这些研究在时间和地理区域上存在差异,因此需要进行系统综述及分析以对其进行全面了解。目的系统评价重症肺炎支原体肺炎的危险因素。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普网(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、独秀学术搜索数据库(Duxiu)、中华医学期刊全文数据库(Yiigle)、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Science Direct和BioMed Central,检索涉及儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎危险因素的相关研究,检索时限均从建库至2023年8月。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用Stata 14.0和RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入22个研究,均为回顾性病例对照研究,包括4531例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,C反应蛋白(CRP)(OR=1.92,95%CI=1.72~2.15,P<0.00001)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)(OR=2.61,95%CI=2.12~3.22,P<0.00001)、降钙素原(PCT)(OR=2.60,95%CI=1.43~4.75,P=0.002)、D-二聚体(OR=4.36,95%CI=2.93~6.50,P<0.00001)、白细胞计数(WBC)(OR=1.98,95%CI=1.66~2.36,P<0.00001)、肺下叶病变(OR=5.70,95%CI=3.48~9.35,P<0.00001)、肺大片状病变(OR=6.37,95%CI=4.09~9.92,P<0.00001)、高肺炎支原体抗体滴度(OR=2.83,95%CI=1.78~4.49,P<0.0001)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.00~1.05,P=0.05)、发热时间(OR=8.33,95%CI=3.38~20.56,P<0.00001)是儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的影响因素。结论炎性标志物(CRP、ESR、PCT、LDH、WBC)的升高、出现影像学特征性改变(大片状实变、下叶病变)、高肺炎支原体抗体滴度、D-二聚体升高以及发热时间延长可能为儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎的危险因素。未来需要更高质量的研究来进一步探讨其他临床、影像学和实验室结果与儿童重症肺炎支原体肺炎之间的关系,并基于发现的危险因素建立预后模型。

影像组学联合CT特征鉴别儿童支原体与非支原体肺炎

目的观察影像组学联合CT特征鉴别儿童支原体肺炎(MP)与非MP的价值。方法回顾性收集153例肺炎患儿,根据支原体RNA检测结果分为MP组(n=101)与非MP组(n=52);按7∶3比例分为训练集(n=107,含71例MP、36例非MP)和验证集(n=46,含30例MP、16例非MP)。比较2组CT表现,以F test算法基于训练集数据筛选6个最佳CT征象,以逻辑回归(LR)方法构建CT模型。基于训练集提取及筛选最佳影像组学特征,分别以LR、支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林(RF)、线性判别分析(LDA)及随机梯度下降法(SGD)分类器构建机器学习(ML)模型;基于最佳CT征象及影像组学特征构建CT-ML模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC)评估各模型鉴别MP与非MP的效能。结果病变累及右肺上、中、下叶,支气管壁增厚、树芽征及边缘回缩征为最佳CT征象,以之构建的CTLR在验证集的AUC为0.710。验证集中,ML_(LR)、ML_(SVM)、ML_(RF)、ML_(LDA)及ML_(SGD)的AUC分别为0.715、0.663、0.623、0.706及0.494,ML_(LR)为效能最优影像组学模型。CT-ML_(LR)、CT-ML_(SVM)、CT-ML_(RF)、CT-ML_(LDA)及CT-ML_(SGD)在验证集的AUC分别为0.813、0.823、0.649、0.796及0.665,CT-ML_(SVM)为效能最优CT-ML模型。训练集中,CT-ML_(SVM)的AUC(0.840)高于CTLR及ML_(LR)(AUC=0.713、0.740,P均<0.05);验证集中CTLR、ML_(LR)及CT-ML_(SVM)的AUC差异均无统计学意义(AUC=0.710、0.715及0.823,P均>0.05)。结论影像组学联合CT特征能有效鉴别儿童MP与非MP。

The Effect of Azithromycin in Treating Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children

Objective:To discuss and analyze the effect of azithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children.Methods:A total of 120 children with mycoplasma pneumonia who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into an azithromycin group and a reference group according to the random number drawing method,with 60 cases in each group.The azithromycin group was treated with azithromycin,and the reference group was treated with conventional treatment.The efficacy of treatment,laboratory indicators,platelet count and D-dimer,and adverse reactions of both groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the azithromycin group was significantly higher than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the laboratory indicators like ferritin,procalcitonin(PCT),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)between the two groups(P>0.05);after treatment,the laboratory indicators of the azithromycin group were significantly better than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistically significant difference in platelet count and D-dimer between the groups(P>0.05);after medication,the platelet count,and D-dimer in the azithromycin group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the azithromycin group was significantly lower than that in the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Azithromycin is more effective in treating mycoplasma pneumonia in children,and has certain clinical value.

儿童大环内酯类耐药肺炎支原体肺炎诊疗理念与实践

2023年7月以来我国乃至全球迎来了肺炎支原体肺炎的流行高峰,给儿童健康、家庭及社会均带来了沉重的负担。尽管大环内酯类抗菌药物为指南推荐的首选用药,本次流行的肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿中,以大环内酯类耐药为主。这对传统的诊疗模式带来了巨大的挑战,特别是肺动脉栓塞病例的增多,需要临床医师思考并实践新的诊疗理念。

BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体感染小鼠的治疗作用

目的评价BD-77雾化吸入给药对肺炎支原体肺炎小鼠模型的治疗作用。方法Balb/c小鼠按照体质量随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阿奇霉素对照组(42 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1))、BD-77高剂量组(75 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)、BD-77低剂量组(37.5 mg·mL^(-1),雾化15 min)。以肺炎支原体滴鼻感染建立小鼠支原体肺炎模型,雾化给药4 d后,通过小鼠体重及肺重计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肺组织中白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及血清中C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色评估小鼠肺组织病理学变化,全面评价BD-77对小鼠支原体肺炎的治疗作用。结果BD-772个剂量组雾化吸入给药15 min均可显著降低小鼠肺指数,减轻肺部炎症病变,降低肺组织中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量及血清CRP水平。结论BD-77雾化吸入可治疗支原体感染小鼠肺炎,本研究为BD-77开发作为防治肺炎支原体肺炎的药物提供了实验室数据支持。

猪肺炎支原体通过抑制SPLUNC1功能破坏呼吸道炎性反应平衡

【背景】猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasmahyopneumoniae,Mhp)通过定植猪呼吸道黏膜层,破坏呼吸道炎性反应平衡,引起炎性损伤和持续性感染。短的上腭、肺及鼻咽上皮克隆1蛋白(short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone1,SPLUNC1)是呼吸道黏膜分泌的具有重要抗菌和抗炎功能的蛋白,被认为是呼吸道黏膜面对危险信号时的“信号传感器”。【目的】从Mhp和SPLUNC1相互作用入手,分析Mhp感染对SPLUNC1表达的影响以及SPLUNC1对Mhp引起的炎性反应的调控作用,揭示Mhp引起炎性损伤的新机制,为解决Mhp持续性感染问题提供参考。【方法】利用猪肺炎支原体对猪支气管上皮细胞(porcine bronchial epithelial cells,PBECs)感染模型和猪体感染模型,通过荧光定量PCR、间接免疫荧光和Western-blotting等方法,分别检测Mhp感染后对肺脏中SPLUNC1以及体外PBECs中SPLUNC1转录和表达的影响。克隆并扩增猪源SPLUNC1基因通过酶切鉴定,构建成功SPLUNC1真核和原核表达重组质粒pCDNA3.1-SPLUNC1以及pET28a-SPLUNC1。与此同时,设计靶向SPLUNC1的siRNA干扰片段。利用体外SPLUNC1蛋白孵育、体内呼吸道黏膜SPLUNC1抗体封闭,通过Mhp CCU50检测明确SPLUNC1对Mhp体内外生长的影响。在猪支气管上皮细胞中,通过过表达或siRNA干扰SPLUNC1基因,后感染Mhp,利用Western-blotting、间接免疫荧光以及酶联免疫吸附方法,明确SPLUNC1对Mhp的黏附作用、诱导炎性因子表达以及MAPK信号通路活化的影响。【结果】Mhp感染猪后可引起肺脏实变,主要组织病理表现为肺脏炎性损伤,同时显著上调肺泡灌洗液中趋化因子CXCL8和炎性因子TNFα和IL-1β分泌。Mhp体内外感染后,体内肺脏和体外猪支气管上皮细胞中SPLUNC1的转录和表达均显著下调。以上研究表明,Mhp可诱导肺脏炎性反应,抑制SPLUNC1表达。另一方面,体外PBECs中过表达SPLUNC1后,Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达显著减少;siRNA干扰SPLUNC1后,Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达显著增加,表明SPLUNC1负调控Mhp感染引起的CXCL8表达。基于Mhp感染入侵呼吸道过程,本研究进一步解析SPLUNC1负调控CXCL8表达的机制。结果表明:无论是SPLUNC1和Mhp体外孵育,还是SPLUNC1抗体体内封闭,Mhp的体内外生长均未受影响;SPLUNC1的过表达或siRNA干扰对Mhp体外黏附PBECs的能力也无显著影响;过表达SPLUNC1可抑制pERK和IκBα的激活,相反SPLUNC1 siRNA干扰后,可促进pERK和IκBα的激活。以上研究证明SPLUNC1不是通过调控Mhp的生长和黏附,而是通过负调控MAPK-ERK通路的活化来调控CXCL8的表达。【结论】SPLUNC1可通过MAPK-ERK信号通路来调控炎性因子的过度表达,维护宿主炎性平衡;与此同时,Mhp感染后可通过抑制SPLUNC1的表达来破坏宿主炎性反应的平衡调控,进而引起炎性损伤。本研究为解析Mhp感染损伤机制提供依据。

血清PCT、CRP及IL-4水平预测小儿支原体肺炎病情严重程度的价值

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平预测支原体肺炎患儿病情严重程度的价值。方法:选取2019年1月—2023年1月淮安市第二人民医院儿科收治的102例支原体肺炎患儿作为研究对象,根据病情将患儿分为轻症组59例和重症组43例。比较两组临床资料及基质细胞衍生因子(CXCL12)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、硫化氢(H_(2)S)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、PCT、CRP及IL-4水平,多因素分析采取非条件logistic逐步回归分析,采用ROC曲线分析PCT、CRP及IL-4水平对重症支原体肺炎的预测价值。结果:两组性别、年龄、病程及CXCL12、IFN-γ、H_(2)S、SOD、MMP-9水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重症组PCT、CRP、IL-4水平显著高于轻症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,PCT、CRP及IL-4为重症支原体肺炎独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,PCT、CRP及IL-4预测重症支原体肺炎的曲线下面积分别为0.896、0.851、0.787。结论:血清PCT、CRP及IL-4水平均参与支气管肺炎患儿的病情进展,且可作为重症支气管肺炎的诊断指标。

维生素C辅助阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的疗效

目的:探讨维生素C辅助阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)疗效及其对免疫功能的影响。方法:选取106例MPP患儿为研究对象,按照治疗方式不同分为观察组和对照组,每组各53例。观察组患者采用维生素C辅助阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗;对照组采用阿奇霉素治疗,疗程均为7 d。比较两组患儿临床疗效、症状缓解时间、肺功能、免疫功能及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组患儿临床总有效率高于对照组(98.11%vs.86.79%,P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患儿高热、咳嗽、肺啰音、胸片缓解时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿用力呼气肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气肺活量(FEVl)、FEVl/FVC无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患儿FVC、FEVl、FEVl/FVC均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患儿外周血免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG水平无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患儿外周血IgA、IgG水平均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);IgM水平均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患儿治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素序贯疗法联合维生素C治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎能够提高疗效和免疫功能,值得临床推广。

安徽部分地区鸡场鸡毒支原体与鸡滑液囊支原体感染与垂直传播调查

为了解安徽部分地区规模鸡场鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)和鸡滑液囊支原体(Mycoplasma synoviae,MS)流行感染情况,试验采集21家鸡场鸡血液样品进行血清学调查,并对3家种鸡场的种鸡群及其后代雏鸡进行MG和MS的病原检测,分析种鸡及其后代雏鸡的感染情况。结果显示,MG和MS的鸡场血清阳性率分别为95.24%和90.48%,鸡群平均血清阳性率分别为75.08%和77.01%;商品蛋鸡和种鸡的MG和MS血清阳性率高于育雏育成鸡;鸡群日龄越大,MG和MS的血清阳性率越高,其中300日龄以上鸡群的血清阳性率均为100%。病原检测发现,种鸡场存在不同程度的MG和MS感染,其中MS感染率高于MG;种鸡感染率与其后代雏鸡的垂直感染存在显著正相关,并且在垂直感染的雏鸡关节组织检测出MS病原。结果表明,MG和MS在安徽鸡场中的感染较为严重,垂直传播是雏鸡早期感染的重要途径,并且MS在雏鸡垂直感染的早期即可侵入关节组织。

金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入疗法在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎中的应用观察

目的分析金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的效果。方法前瞻性选取2022年2月—2023年2月常熟市第二人民医院收治的114例MPP患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、研究组,每组57例。对照组给予布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予金花清感颗粒,连续治疗10 d评估效果。比较两组症状改善情况、肺功能、临床疗效、气道重塑指标、炎症因子、T淋巴细胞亚群及药物不良反应发生情况。结果研究组发热消退时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的达峰时间比、达峰容积比、呼吸频率的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的气道壁厚度/外径比值、气道面积/总横截面积比值的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童MPP疗效显著,可改善肺功能,抗气道重塑,抑制炎症反应,改善T淋巴细胞亚群,且安全性良好。