Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell e...Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to identify the common potential targets of P.Radix and chemical liver injury.Molecular docking was used to fit the components,which were subsequently verified in vitro.A cell model of hepatic fibrosis was established by activating hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-LX2 cells with 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1.The cells were exposed to different concentrations of total glucosides of paeony(TGP),the active substance of P.Radix,and then evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and western blot.Results:Analysis through network pharmacology revealed 13 key compounds of P.Radix,and the potential targets for preventing chemical liver injury were IL-6,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,jun protooncogene,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG),PTGS2,and CASP3.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of response to drugs,membrane rafts,and peptide binding.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis revealed that the main pathways involved lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation.Paeoniflorin and albiflorin exhibited strong affinity for HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,and CASP3.Different concentrations of TGP can inhibit the expression of COL-I,COL-III,IL-6,TNF-a,IL-1β,HSP-90a,and PTGS2 while increasing the expression of PPAR-γand CASP3 in activated HSC-LX2 cells.Conclusion:P.Radix primarily can regulate targets such as HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,CASP3.TGP,the main active compound of P.Radix,protects against chemical liver injury by reducing the inflammatory response,activating apoptotic proteins,and promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs.展开更多
Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after longterm use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an...Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after longterm use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RBinduced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NFkB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
采用ISSR分子标记技术对山东、河北地区的24个白桑(Morus alba L.)地方品种资源进行了遗传多态性分析。筛选的13条ISSR引物共扩增86条扩增带,其中多态性条带63条,多态性比率为73.25%,ISSR标记遗传相似系数范围在0.6706~0.952...采用ISSR分子标记技术对山东、河北地区的24个白桑(Morus alba L.)地方品种资源进行了遗传多态性分析。筛选的13条ISSR引物共扩增86条扩增带,其中多态性条带63条,多态性比率为73.25%,ISSR标记遗传相似系数范围在0.6706~0.9529。通过类平均聚类(UPGMA)法分析,24份材料聚分为2大类。展开更多
Objective:The present study deals with the investigation of larvicidal and ovicidal activities of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of Eclipta alba(E.alba) against dengue vector,Aedes...Objective:The present study deals with the investigation of larvicidal and ovicidal activities of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of Eclipta alba(E.alba) against dengue vector,Aedes aegypti(Ae.Aegypti).Methods:Twenty five earlyⅢinstar larvae of Ae.aegypti was exposed to various concentrations(50-300 ppm) and was assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005;the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the E.alba leaf extract was determined by Probit analysis.For ovicidal activity,slightly modified method of Su and Mulla was performed.The ovicidal activity was determined against Ae.aegypti to various concentrations ranging from 100-350 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The egg hatch rates were assessed 48 h post treatment.Results:The LC<sub>50</sub> values of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform extract of E.alba against early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti were 151.38,165.10, 154.88,127.64 and 146.28 ppm,respectively.Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanol extract followed by chloroform,benzene,ethyl acetate and hexane extract.No mortality was observed in control.Among five solvent tested the methanol extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against Ae.aegypti.The methanol extracts exerted 100%mortality (zero hatchability) at 300 ppm.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E.alba was an excellent potential for controlling Ae.aegypti mosquito.展开更多
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma an...Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma and urine after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract (RPAE). A total of 65 compounds were detected in rat bile, plasma and urine samples, including 11 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. The results indicated that glucuronidation, hydroxylation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways of the components of RPAE. Furthermore, the results of this work demonstrated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetaboLynx? software and mass defect filtering (MDF) could provide unique high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced MSE data acquisition. With the MSE technique, both precursor and fragment mass spectra can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between high and low collision energy during a single chromatographic run.展开更多
Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depth...Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2?d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2?d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js(Js,1 or Js,8) and the highest Js(Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2?h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.展开更多
One new triterpenoid saponin, monepaloside K (1) was isolated from the water-soluble part of the whole plant of a famous Tibetan medicinal herb, morina nepalensis var. alba Hand.-Mazz.. Its structure was determined t...One new triterpenoid saponin, monepaloside K (1) was isolated from the water-soluble part of the whole plant of a famous Tibetan medicinal herb, morina nepalensis var. alba Hand.-Mazz.. Its structure was determined to be 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(13)-b-D- xylopyranosyl siaresinolic acid on the basis of spectroscopic evidences, especially 2D NMR techniques.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia (S.) milt...BACKGROUND: Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia (S.) miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba (Baihua Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine) could enhance learning and memory functions, as well as promote neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on recovery from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the influence on neuronal regeneration and differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled, animal experiments were performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Neurobiology Laboratory of Taishan Medical College in September of 2006. MATERIALS: S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba was provided by Taishan Medical College Botanic Garden, Taian, China; dl-3n-butylphthalide (NBP) soft capsule was purchased from NBP Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang, China; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, rabbit anti-NF200 antibody, and bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma, Louis, MO, USA; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Nanjing Comissariado Biological Technology Development, Nanjing, China. METHODS: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, model (cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, without administration), S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, and NBP groups. Following establishment of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba or NBP (1 mL/100 g) was respectively perfused at 30 minutes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alterations in cerebral blood flow before and after ischemia/reperfusion, NF200- and bromodeoxyuridine-double positive cells in striatum of affected tissues, as well as neuronal apoptosis rate at days 5 and 7 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS: Subsequent to cerebral ischemia reperfusion, cerebral blood flow was reduced. Following treatment with S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, cerebral blood flow significantly increased (P 〈 0.05). NBP treatment was inferior to S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba with regard to stabilization of cerebral blood flow (P 〈 0.05). S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased the number of newly formed neurons in rats following cerebral ischemia (P 〈 0.05) and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis (P 〈 0.05), with no significant difference compared with NBP treatment (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neuronal regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impairment.展开更多
Aim: To find an in vitro system for the measurement of the androgenic effects of different extracts of Hibiscus macranthus (Malvaceae) and Basella alba (Basellaceae). Methods: The production of testosterone from...Aim: To find an in vitro system for the measurement of the androgenic effects of different extracts of Hibiscus macranthus (Malvaceae) and Basella alba (Basellaceae). Methods: The production of testosterone from testes slices incubated in two media, either Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.5% Bovine serum albumin (BSA) or Dubecco's Modified Eagle's medium-F12 Ham nutrient mixture (DME/Ham F12), under a mixture of 5% CO2 in 95% air was determined either in the presence or absence of cofactors and Hibiscus macranthus plus Basella alba (HMBA) extracts. Results: The testosterone production was increased in testes slices incubated in DME/Ham F12 medium in response to the cofactors (49%) and aqueous extracts (34%-60% according to dilutions). Under the same atmospheric conditions, there was no positive response of the testes slices to either cofactor or HMBA extract stimulation in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.5% BSA, In further investigations related to the effect of HMBA, the DME/ Ham F12 medium was used. The results obtained from the in vitro test showed that the activity was present mainly in methylene chloride and methanol, since these extracts induced an increase in testosterone production by testes slices. Conclusion: The testes slice system is suitable to be used for further in vitro investigations of the isolation of androgenic bioactive components of plants. (Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8: 111-114)展开更多
A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside(1) was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3).Compound 1 was identi...A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside(1) was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3).Compound 1 was identified as 2-methylene-3-methoxy-2, 5-dihydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.In addition,the antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS) assay.The IC_(50) values were 2.49 and 0.45 mg/mL,respectively.展开更多
Although pruning is important to obtain highquality,large-diameter timber,the effects of pruning on nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)in aboveground organs of many timber species are not well understood.Three intensitie...Although pruning is important to obtain highquality,large-diameter timber,the effects of pruning on nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)in aboveground organs of many timber species are not well understood.Three intensities of pruning(none,moderate and severe)were tested on poplars(Populus alba×P.talassica)in the arid desert region of northwest China to compare the concentrations of soluble sugar(SS),starch(ST)and total nonstructural carbohydrate(TNC)in leaves,branches and trunks during the growing season.The concentration of NSC components after different pruning intensities varied similarly in seasonal patterns,increasing slowly at the beginning of the growing season,continuously declining in the middle,then gradually recovering by the end of the growing season.The monthly mean NSC concentration in poplar differed significantly among the three pruning intensities(p<0.05).The SS concentration in pruned trees was higher than in unpruned trees(p<0.05).For moderately pruned trees,the concentrations of ST and TNC in trunks and branches were higher than in unpruned and in severely pruned trees(p<0.05).Compared with no pruning,pruning changed the seasonal variation in NSC concentration.The orders of SS and TNC concentrations in aboveground organs were leaf>branch>trunk,while the order of ST concentration was trunk>leaf>branch,which was related to functional differences of plant organs.The annual average growth in height of unpruned,moderately pruned,and severely pruned poplars was 0.21±0.06,0.45±0.09 and 0.24±0.05 m,respectively,and the annual average growth in DBH were 0.92±0.04,1.27±0.06 and 1.02±0.05 cm,respectively.Our results demonstrate that moderate pruning may effectively increase the annual growth in tree height and DBH while avoiding damage caused by excessive pruning to the tree body.Therefore,moderate pruning may increase the NSC storage and improve the growth of timber species.展开更多
为揭示叶果间的内在作用规律,以桑树(Morus alba L.)当年生果枝为研究对象,分析不同大小果枝上叶片特征和果实性状的差异及其二者间的相互关系。结果表明:随着果枝由小到大,果枝上的叶片数与总叶干重显著增加,而叶形指数却无显著变化;...为揭示叶果间的内在作用规律,以桑树(Morus alba L.)当年生果枝为研究对象,分析不同大小果枝上叶片特征和果实性状的差异及其二者间的相互关系。结果表明:随着果枝由小到大,果枝上的叶片数与总叶干重显著增加,而叶形指数却无显著变化;桑葚数与总桑葚干重也有显著增加,桑葚含水量无显著变化。桑葚数与叶片数、总叶干重、总叶面积及其平均桑葚干重显著正相关。研究结果证实了果实的性状与叶片特征之间存在极密切关系。当年生果枝上的桑葚数量多少取决于果枝上的叶片总数,平均桑葚的干重则与果枝上的平均叶面积显著相关。展开更多
Mulberry(Morus alba L.)is not only rich in nutrients,but also has medicinal value.As a drug and food,it is widely planted all over the country,with considerable yield and economic value.In recent years,it has attracte...Mulberry(Morus alba L.)is not only rich in nutrients,but also has medicinal value.As a drug and food,it is widely planted all over the country,with considerable yield and economic value.In recent years,it has attracted many scholars and been widely reported,and in-depth research has already been conducted.Through reviewing the literatures on mulberry,this paper summarized the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and quality evaluation of mulberry,providing some reference for the further development and utilization of mulberry.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plantSonneratia alba(S. alba).Methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods against six microorganisms....Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plantSonneratia alba(S. alba).Methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods against six microorganisms. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction with a series of solvents,n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in sequence of increasing polarity.Results:Methanol extract appeared to be the most effective extract whilen-hexane extract showed no activity. The antimicrobial activities were observed against the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Bacillus cereus(B. cereus), the gram negative Escherichia coli(E. coli) and the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans appeared to be not sensitive to the concentrations tested since no inhibition zone was observed.E. coli(17.5 mm) appeared to be the most sensitive strain followed by S. aureus(12.5 mm)and B. cereus(12.5 mm).Conclusions:From this study, it can be concluded that S. alba exhibit santim icrobial activities against certain microorganisms.展开更多
Syringa species are important ornamentals with strong floral scent,of which monoterpenes are the main component.In this study,a new monoterpene synthase gene,named SoLIM,was collected from the flowers of Syringa oblat...Syringa species are important ornamentals with strong floral scent,of which monoterpenes are the main component.In this study,a new monoterpene synthase gene,named SoLIM,was collected from the flowers of Syringa oblata and S.oblata var.alba using a homologous cloning method.The full-length cDNA of SoLIM was1746 bp and encoded 581 amino acids.Sequence analysis showed that SoLIM contained the DDxxD and RRx8 W motifs,which are two typical conserved monoterpene synthase motifs,and was thus classified as belonging to the Tpsb subfamily.Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR,SoLIM was significantly expressed in the petals and pistils of S.oblata and S.oblata var.alba,respectively.SoLIM expression peaked earlier than the D-limonene emissions in the diurnal experiments,but occurred later when D-limonene had peaked during the flowering phase,indicating that differences in SoLIM gene expression and D-limonene emissions existed.The synthesis of floral scent is thus associated with diverse regulatory mechanisms that require further investigation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82074036).
文摘Objective:To explore and validate the potential targets of Paeoniae Radix Alba(P.Radix,Bai Shao)in protecting against chemical liver injury through network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and in vitro cell experiments.Methods:Network pharmacology was used to identify the common potential targets of P.Radix and chemical liver injury.Molecular docking was used to fit the components,which were subsequently verified in vitro.A cell model of hepatic fibrosis was established by activating hepatic stellate cell(HSC)-LX2 cells with 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor-β1.The cells were exposed to different concentrations of total glucosides of paeony(TGP),the active substance of P.Radix,and then evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 assay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and western blot.Results:Analysis through network pharmacology revealed 13 key compounds of P.Radix,and the potential targets for preventing chemical liver injury were IL-6,AKT serine/threonine kinase 1,jun protooncogene,heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARG),PTGS2,and CASP3.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis indicated the involvement of response to drugs,membrane rafts,and peptide binding.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis revealed that the main pathways involved lipid and atherosclerosis and chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation.Paeoniflorin and albiflorin exhibited strong affinity for HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,and CASP3.Different concentrations of TGP can inhibit the expression of COL-I,COL-III,IL-6,TNF-a,IL-1β,HSP-90a,and PTGS2 while increasing the expression of PPAR-γand CASP3 in activated HSC-LX2 cells.Conclusion:P.Radix primarily can regulate targets such as HSP90AA1,PTGS2,PPARG,CASP3.TGP,the main active compound of P.Radix,protects against chemical liver injury by reducing the inflammatory response,activating apoptotic proteins,and promoting the apoptosis of activated HSCs.
基金This study is funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82074323,and 81673572)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(Program No.:202102130501010)+2 种基金The major science and technology project for“Significant New Drugs Creation”(Project No.:2017ZX09301047)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Project No.:2020019)The special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province(Grant No.:202204051002011).
文摘Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after longterm use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RBinduced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NFkB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.
文摘采用ISSR分子标记技术对山东、河北地区的24个白桑(Morus alba L.)地方品种资源进行了遗传多态性分析。筛选的13条ISSR引物共扩增86条扩增带,其中多态性条带63条,多态性比率为73.25%,ISSR标记遗传相似系数范围在0.6706~0.9529。通过类平均聚类(UPGMA)法分析,24份材料聚分为2大类。
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST),New Delhi,India for providing financial assistance for the present investigation
文摘Objective:The present study deals with the investigation of larvicidal and ovicidal activities of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of Eclipta alba(E.alba) against dengue vector,Aedes aegypti(Ae.Aegypti).Methods:Twenty five earlyⅢinstar larvae of Ae.aegypti was exposed to various concentrations(50-300 ppm) and was assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005;the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the E.alba leaf extract was determined by Probit analysis.For ovicidal activity,slightly modified method of Su and Mulla was performed.The ovicidal activity was determined against Ae.aegypti to various concentrations ranging from 100-350 ppm under the laboratory conditions.The egg hatch rates were assessed 48 h post treatment.Results:The LC<sub>50</sub> values of benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform extract of E.alba against early third instar larvae of Ae.aegypti were 151.38,165.10, 154.88,127.64 and 146.28 ppm,respectively.Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanol extract followed by chloroform,benzene,ethyl acetate and hexane extract.No mortality was observed in control.Among five solvent tested the methanol extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against Ae.aegypti.The methanol extracts exerted 100%mortality (zero hatchability) at 300 ppm.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E.alba was an excellent potential for controlling Ae.aegypti mosquito.
文摘Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma and urine after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract (RPAE). A total of 65 compounds were detected in rat bile, plasma and urine samples, including 11 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. The results indicated that glucuronidation, hydroxylation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways of the components of RPAE. Furthermore, the results of this work demonstrated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetaboLynx? software and mass defect filtering (MDF) could provide unique high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced MSE data acquisition. With the MSE technique, both precursor and fragment mass spectra can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between high and low collision energy during a single chromatographic run.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070628)Field support for this research was provided by Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem
文摘Estimation of the transpiration rate for a tree is generally based on sap flow measurements within the hydro-active stem xylem. In this study, radial variation of sap flow velocity(Js) was investigated at five depths of the xylem(1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 cm under the cambium) in three mature Xinjiang poplar(Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis) trees grown at the Gansu Minqin National Studies Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem from May to October 2011. Thermal dissipation probes of various lengths manufactured according to the Granier's design were installed into each tree for simultaneous observation of the radial patterns of Js through the xylem. The radial patterns were found to fit the four-parameter GaussAmp equation. The peak Js was about 27.02±0.95 kg/(dm2?d) at approximately 3 to 5 cm deep from the cambium of the three trees,and the lowest Js appeared at 1 cm deep in most of the time. Approximately 50% of the total sap flow in Xinjiang poplar occurred within one-third of the xylem from its outer radius, whereas 90% of the total sap flow occurred within two-fifth of the xylem. In addition, the innermost point of the xylem(at 8-cm depth), which appeared as the penultimate sap flow in most cases during the study period, was hydro-active with Js,8 of 7.55±3.83 kg/(dm2?d). The radial pattern of Js was found to be steeper in midday than in other time of the day, and steeper diurnal fluctuations were recorded in June, July and August(the mid-growing season). Maximum differences between the lowest Js(Js,1 or Js,8) and the highest Js(Js,3 or Js,5) from May through October were 12.41, 17.35, 16.30, 18.52, 12.60 and 16.04 g/(cm2?h), respectively. The time-dependent changes of Js along the radial profile(except at 1-cm depth) were strongly related to the reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Due to significant radial variability of Js, the mean daily sap flow at the whole-tree level could be over-estimated by up to 29.69% when only a single probe at depth of 2 cm was used. However, the accuracy of the estimation of sap flow in Xinjiang poplar could be significantly improved using a correction coefficient of 0.885.
文摘One new triterpenoid saponin, monepaloside K (1) was isolated from the water-soluble part of the whole plant of a famous Tibetan medicinal herb, morina nepalensis var. alba Hand.-Mazz.. Its structure was determined to be 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-(13)-b-D- xylopyranosyl siaresinolic acid on the basis of spectroscopic evidences, especially 2D NMR techniques.
基金Key Scientific and Technological Project of Shandong Province,No.2006GG2202037a fund by Shandong Province Ministry of Education,No.J06L20
文摘BACKGROUND: Subsequent to cerebral ischemic injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated, but ischemia-induced neuronal loss is not compensated by ischemic injury-induced neural regeneration. Salvia (S.) miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba (Baihua Danshen, a Chinese herbal medicine) could enhance learning and memory functions, as well as promote neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba on recovery from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the influence on neuronal regeneration and differentiation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized, controlled, animal experiments were performed at the Experimental Animal Center and Neurobiology Laboratory of Taishan Medical College in September of 2006. MATERIALS: S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba was provided by Taishan Medical College Botanic Garden, Taian, China; dl-3n-butylphthalide (NBP) soft capsule was purchased from NBP Pharmaceutical, Shijiazhuang, China; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, rabbit anti-NF200 antibody, and bromodeoxyuridine were purchased from Sigma, Louis, MO, USA; Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI apoptosis kit was purchased from Nanjing Comissariado Biological Technology Development, Nanjing, China. METHODS: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, model (cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, without administration), S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, and NBP groups. Following establishment of the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba or NBP (1 mL/100 g) was respectively perfused at 30 minutes following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Alterations in cerebral blood flow before and after ischemia/reperfusion, NF200- and bromodeoxyuridine-double positive cells in striatum of affected tissues, as well as neuronal apoptosis rate at days 5 and 7 following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS: Subsequent to cerebral ischemia reperfusion, cerebral blood flow was reduced. Following treatment with S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba, cerebral blood flow significantly increased (P 〈 0.05). NBP treatment was inferior to S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba with regard to stabilization of cerebral blood flow (P 〈 0.05). S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased the number of newly formed neurons in rats following cerebral ischemia (P 〈 0.05) and significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis (P 〈 0.05), with no significant difference compared with NBP treatment (P 〉 0.05). CONCLUSION: S. miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba significantly increased cerebral blood flow, reduced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted neuronal regeneration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impairment.
文摘Aim: To find an in vitro system for the measurement of the androgenic effects of different extracts of Hibiscus macranthus (Malvaceae) and Basella alba (Basellaceae). Methods: The production of testosterone from testes slices incubated in two media, either Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.5% Bovine serum albumin (BSA) or Dubecco's Modified Eagle's medium-F12 Ham nutrient mixture (DME/Ham F12), under a mixture of 5% CO2 in 95% air was determined either in the presence or absence of cofactors and Hibiscus macranthus plus Basella alba (HMBA) extracts. Results: The testosterone production was increased in testes slices incubated in DME/Ham F12 medium in response to the cofactors (49%) and aqueous extracts (34%-60% according to dilutions). Under the same atmospheric conditions, there was no positive response of the testes slices to either cofactor or HMBA extract stimulation in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 0.5% BSA, In further investigations related to the effect of HMBA, the DME/ Ham F12 medium was used. The results obtained from the in vitro test showed that the activity was present mainly in methylene chloride and methanol, since these extracts induced an increase in testosterone production by testes slices. Conclusion: The testes slice system is suitable to be used for further in vitro investigations of the isolation of androgenic bioactive components of plants. (Asian J Androl 2006 Jan; 8: 111-114)
文摘A new alkylene dihydrofuran glycoside(1) was isolated from the root bark ofMorus alba L.,along with moracin M-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),and moracin M-6,3′-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3).Compound 1 was identified as 2-methylene-3-methoxy-2, 5-dihydrofuran-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis.In addition,the antioxidant activity of 1 was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS) assay.The IC_(50) values were 2.49 and 0.45 mg/mL,respectively.
基金supported by Key Projects of Universities for Foreign Cultural and Educational Experts Employment Plan in 2018(T2018013)granted from Special Funds for Sustainable Development of Science and Technology Platform for Fundamental Research Business Expenses of Central Universities(2572018CP05).
文摘Although pruning is important to obtain highquality,large-diameter timber,the effects of pruning on nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)in aboveground organs of many timber species are not well understood.Three intensities of pruning(none,moderate and severe)were tested on poplars(Populus alba×P.talassica)in the arid desert region of northwest China to compare the concentrations of soluble sugar(SS),starch(ST)and total nonstructural carbohydrate(TNC)in leaves,branches and trunks during the growing season.The concentration of NSC components after different pruning intensities varied similarly in seasonal patterns,increasing slowly at the beginning of the growing season,continuously declining in the middle,then gradually recovering by the end of the growing season.The monthly mean NSC concentration in poplar differed significantly among the three pruning intensities(p<0.05).The SS concentration in pruned trees was higher than in unpruned trees(p<0.05).For moderately pruned trees,the concentrations of ST and TNC in trunks and branches were higher than in unpruned and in severely pruned trees(p<0.05).Compared with no pruning,pruning changed the seasonal variation in NSC concentration.The orders of SS and TNC concentrations in aboveground organs were leaf>branch>trunk,while the order of ST concentration was trunk>leaf>branch,which was related to functional differences of plant organs.The annual average growth in height of unpruned,moderately pruned,and severely pruned poplars was 0.21±0.06,0.45±0.09 and 0.24±0.05 m,respectively,and the annual average growth in DBH were 0.92±0.04,1.27±0.06 and 1.02±0.05 cm,respectively.Our results demonstrate that moderate pruning may effectively increase the annual growth in tree height and DBH while avoiding damage caused by excessive pruning to the tree body.Therefore,moderate pruning may increase the NSC storage and improve the growth of timber species.
文摘为揭示叶果间的内在作用规律,以桑树(Morus alba L.)当年生果枝为研究对象,分析不同大小果枝上叶片特征和果实性状的差异及其二者间的相互关系。结果表明:随着果枝由小到大,果枝上的叶片数与总叶干重显著增加,而叶形指数却无显著变化;桑葚数与总桑葚干重也有显著增加,桑葚含水量无显著变化。桑葚数与叶片数、总叶干重、总叶面积及其平均桑葚干重显著正相关。研究结果证实了果实的性状与叶片特征之间存在极密切关系。当年生果枝上的桑葚数量多少取决于果枝上的叶片总数,平均桑葚的干重则与果枝上的平均叶面积显著相关。
基金Supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2016GXNSFAA380066)Special Fund for Medical Science and Technology of Guangxi Health and Family Planning Commission(GZBZ16-06)+2 种基金Special fund for Construction of Preponderant Disciplines of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(ZYX2015004)Construction of the Top Discipline of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2018XK032)Natural Science Research Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(2015MS004)
文摘Mulberry(Morus alba L.)is not only rich in nutrients,but also has medicinal value.As a drug and food,it is widely planted all over the country,with considerable yield and economic value.In recent years,it has attracted many scholars and been widely reported,and in-depth research has already been conducted.Through reviewing the literatures on mulberry,this paper summarized the chemical composition,pharmacological effects and quality evaluation of mulberry,providing some reference for the further development and utilization of mulberry.
基金financially supported by Faculty of Science,International Islamic University Malaysia
文摘Objective:To investigate the antimicrobial property of mangrove plantSonneratia alba(S. alba).Methods:The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods against six microorganisms. Soxhlet apparatus was used for extraction with a series of solvents,n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in sequence of increasing polarity.Results:Methanol extract appeared to be the most effective extract whilen-hexane extract showed no activity. The antimicrobial activities were observed against the gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Bacillus cereus(B. cereus), the gram negative Escherichia coli(E. coli) and the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans appeared to be not sensitive to the concentrations tested since no inhibition zone was observed.E. coli(17.5 mm) appeared to be the most sensitive strain followed by S. aureus(12.5 mm)and B. cereus(12.5 mm).Conclusions:From this study, it can be concluded that S. alba exhibit santim icrobial activities against certain microorganisms.
基金supported by the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges under Beijing Municipality(IDHT20180509)the National Natural Science foundation of China(31201645)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6172006)key project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KZ201510020021)
文摘Syringa species are important ornamentals with strong floral scent,of which monoterpenes are the main component.In this study,a new monoterpene synthase gene,named SoLIM,was collected from the flowers of Syringa oblata and S.oblata var.alba using a homologous cloning method.The full-length cDNA of SoLIM was1746 bp and encoded 581 amino acids.Sequence analysis showed that SoLIM contained the DDxxD and RRx8 W motifs,which are two typical conserved monoterpene synthase motifs,and was thus classified as belonging to the Tpsb subfamily.Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR,SoLIM was significantly expressed in the petals and pistils of S.oblata and S.oblata var.alba,respectively.SoLIM expression peaked earlier than the D-limonene emissions in the diurnal experiments,but occurred later when D-limonene had peaked during the flowering phase,indicating that differences in SoLIM gene expression and D-limonene emissions existed.The synthesis of floral scent is thus associated with diverse regulatory mechanisms that require further investigation.