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可降解材料及其在渔具领域应用的研究进展
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作者 徐大洋 刘伟 +4 位作者 王鲁民 张勋 黄洪亮 刘永利 闵明华 《海洋渔业》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期520-528,共9页
伴随着合成纤维渔具的广泛使用,海洋中出现了大量废弃渔具,它们能在海洋中存在数十年的时间,给海洋环境和渔业资源带来严重危害。综述了聚乳酸(PLA)、淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT... 伴随着合成纤维渔具的广泛使用,海洋中出现了大量废弃渔具,它们能在海洋中存在数十年的时间,给海洋环境和渔业资源带来严重危害。综述了聚乳酸(PLA)、淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二酯-己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBSAT)等可降解材料的物理性能及其在加工工艺、共混改性等方面的研究现状,以及可降解材料在渔具领域(如:刺网、笼壶)的应用及研究进展。相关研究表明:上述可降解材料在海洋微生物的作用下可以完全降解,最终分解为对环境无害的水和二氧化碳,是制造环境友好型渔具的潜在材料,但其力学性能与合成纤维的还有一定差距,可通过物理或化学改性等方法进行提高;PBS、PLA、PBS/PBAT刺网与聚酰胺(PA)刺网的捕捞效率不存在显著差异;PBS/PBAT、PBS蟹笼的捕捞效率与聚乙烯(PE)、PA蟹笼相似,使用可降解材料制作笼身或逃生口的蟹笼与传统合成纤维蟹笼的捕捞效率相似;PBSAT刺网的捕捞效率明显低于PA刺网,由于可降解材料的柔韧性不如合成纤维,在作为蟹笼入口材料时会降低蟹笼的捕捞效率。最后对相关研究进行了展望,可降解材料在渔具制造领域的应用前景广阔,开发综合力学性能优越、价格低廉的可降解渔具材料将是未来渔业科技工作的重点之一。 展开更多
关键词 幽灵捕捞 废弃渔具 微塑料 可降解材料 刺网 笼壶
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幽灵捕捞的现状分析与国内外研究进展 被引量:1
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作者 王磊 王鲁民 +4 位作者 刘永利 黄洪亮 余雯雯 王越 舒爱艳 《渔业信息与战略》 2020年第2期133-140,共8页
废弃渔具(ALDFG)像幽灵一样长期在海洋中飘荡,导致一些海洋生物被网具缠绕而死,对渔业资源造成持续危害,形成“幽灵捕捞”现象。废弃渔具类型主要包括陷阱、刺网、拖网等。通过探讨造成幽灵捕捞的原因,总结了幽灵捕捞的现状和国内外研... 废弃渔具(ALDFG)像幽灵一样长期在海洋中飘荡,导致一些海洋生物被网具缠绕而死,对渔业资源造成持续危害,形成“幽灵捕捞”现象。废弃渔具类型主要包括陷阱、刺网、拖网等。通过探讨造成幽灵捕捞的原因,总结了幽灵捕捞的现状和国内外研究进展;针对容易形成幽灵捕捞的渔具种类,介绍了ALDFG的结构与捕捞作业机理,阐述了陷阱、刺网、拖网等的幽灵捕捞过程,并对各种渔具造成的幽灵捕捞的影响进行了评估。最后总结目前对幽灵捕捞渔具的预防和应对措施,提出了减少幽灵捕捞的方法和建议。 展开更多
关键词 废弃渔具 幽灵捕捞 预防与应对措施
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Comparative Analysis of Three Types of Fishing Gear Marking for Anchored Fish Aggregating Devices in Purse Seine Fishery in Thai Waters
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作者 Watcharapong Chumchuen Jirawut Kumpirod +3 位作者 Sahaphat Duerasor Chanont Nualsri Thassanee Suppapruek Kraison Krueajun 《Journal of Fisheries Science》 2022年第1期52-60,共9页
Anchored fish aggregating devices(AFADs)have been widely used for fishing in Thai waters.However,abandoned,lost,and discarded fishing gears(ALDFGs),including lost AFADs,may cause environmental impacts.Fishing gear mar... Anchored fish aggregating devices(AFADs)have been widely used for fishing in Thai waters.However,abandoned,lost,and discarded fishing gears(ALDFGs),including lost AFADs,may cause environmental impacts.Fishing gear marking(FGM)is considered as a tool to help identification of ALDFGs.The main objective of this study is to compare the durability represented by the percentage of remaining condition(R-value)of three material types of FGM applied for AFADs,i.e.,stainless steel(SS),colored acrylic(CA),and polypropylene(PP).This study was carried out using 50 AFADs deployed in the Gulf of Thailand(GOT)and the Andaman Sea(ANS)between July and October 2020 in cooperation with 10 fishers.The AFADs were deployed in similar habitat(bottom depth and type)between the GOT and the ANS.The three material types of FGM were assumed to be sufficiently durable to last for the lifespan of the AFADs in both the GOT and the ANS(within 2 months and 3.5 months,respectively)though some FGMs in the ANS were detached from cable ties or broken before AFADs were lost.The loss of AFADs and FGMs was mainly caused by adverse weather condition(rough sea).Only data from the ANS was included in comparative analysis due to the insufficient variance data obtained from the GOT.The analysis revealed that SS had the higher durability than CA and PP when the AFADs lasted for less than 3.5 months.As a result of our study,some recommendations were made.For example,the cable ties can be replaced by ropes or threads to improve the installation method.This study serves as a basis to develop FGM and to support responsible fisheries.Beneficiaries of the study include fisheries policy makers,managers,and fishers. 展开更多
关键词 AFAD aldfg Fishing gear marking OWNERSHIP Gulf of Thailand Andaman Sea
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