BACKGROUND: The availability of novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represents a new era of curative hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, with over 95% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 achieving sustained viro...BACKGROUND: The availability of novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represents a new era of curative hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, with over 95% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 achieving sustained virological response (SVR). Nevertheless, the majority of patients globally are unable to access these treatments because of cost and infrastructure constraints and, thus, remain untreated and uncured. DATA SOURCE: Relevant articles of peginterferon (PegIFN)-based treatments in HCV and sofosbuvir-based treatments, simeprevir, daclatasvir/asunaprevir, ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir/ombitasvir/dasabuvir, and grazoprevir/elbasvir, were searched in PubMed database, including general population and special population. RESULTS: PegIFN in combination with ribavirin remains an important and relevant option for some patients, achieving SVR rates of up to 79% in genotype 1 and 89% in genotype 2 or 3 infections, which increases for patients with favorable IL28B genotypes. Triple therapy of DAA plus PegIFN/ribavirin is effective in treating difficult-to-cure patients infected with HCV genotype 3 or with resistance-associated variants. Owing to its long history in HCV management, the efficacy, tolerability and long-term outcomes associated with PegIFN alfa-2a are well established and have been validated in large-scale studies and in clinical practice for many populations. Furthermore, emerging data show that IFN-induced SVR is associated with lower incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with DAAs. On the contrary, novel DAAs have yet to be studied in special populations, and long-term outcomes, particularly tumor development and recurrence in patients with cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, and reactivation of HBV in dually infected patients, are still unclear. CONCLUSION: In this interferon-free era, PegIFN-based regimens remain a safe and effective option for selected HCV patients.展开更多
AIM: To study the differential protein profile in serum of hepatitis B patients.METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were receiving peginterferon alfa-2b.The serum samples we...AIM: To study the differential protein profile in serum of hepatitis B patients.METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were receiving peginterferon alfa-2b.The serum samples were subjected to albumin depletion and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Differentially expressed protein spots were identified by electrospray ionizationquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Alpha2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen were further analyzed by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunonephelometry.RESULTS: Nineteen patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) were studied.These patients were followed for at least 1 year after treatment and were classified according to their treatment response: responders(n = 9) and non-responders(n = 10).2-DE and MS/MS analysis were performed to compare the serum proteins before initiating peginterferon alfa2b.From the quantitative analysis of the 2-D gel,7 proteins were detected between the two groups at different levels before treatment.Among these potential candidates,serum levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen-like precursor were further analyzed.In the validation phase,23 subjects,9 sustained responders and 14 nonresponders,were recruited.Interestingly,the levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c were elevated in the serum of the non-responders compared to the responders.CONCLUSION: Serum alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c may be potential serum biomarkers in predicting the treatment response of peginterferon alfa-2b in patients with CHB prior to treatment.展开更多
Silkworm powder containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and is promising as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) agent in Japan. Silkworm powder produced in Korea was extra...Silkworm powder containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and is promising as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) agent in Japan. Silkworm powder produced in Korea was extracted with 75% ethanol. The extract was derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl), and DNJ-FMOC content was measured by HPLC. Then, alfa-glucosidase inhibition by silkworm and mulberry powder in pig liver crude enzyme was assayed using 4-nitrophenyl-alfa-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Silkworm powder DNJ content (0.39 to 0.58%) was higher than that in mulberry powder (0.08 to 0.12%). The alfa-glucosidase inhibitory activity of silkworm powder was more potent than that of mulberry leaves and green tea. Silkworm powder DNJ was stable upon heating to 121?C for up to 15 min.展开更多
We report a case of pericarditis and chronic inflam- matory demyelinating polyneuropathy with biological signs of a lupus-like syndrome due to pegylated interferon alfa-2a therapy during treatment for chronic hepatiti...We report a case of pericarditis and chronic inflam- matory demyelinating polyneuropathy with biological signs of a lupus-like syndrome due to pegylated interferon alfa-2a therapy during treatment for chronic hepatitis C.The patient developed moderate weakness in the lower limbs and dyspnea.He was hospitalized for congestive heart failure.An electrocardiogram showed gradual ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V6 without coronary artery disease.A transthoracic cardiac ultrasonographic study revealed moderate pericardial effusion with normal left ventricular function.Anti-DNA antibody and anti-ds DNA IgM were positive.Neu ro logical examination revealed a symmetrical predomina ntly sensory polyneuropathy with impairment of light touch and pin prick in globe and stoking-like distribution.Treatment with prednisolone improved the pericarditis and motor nerve disturbance and the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin improved the sensory nerve disturbance.展开更多
AIM:To study current treatment options for pediatric hepatitis C infection and their associated success rates.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed charts of thirty children who had been treated with combination therapy...AIM:To study current treatment options for pediatric hepatitis C infection and their associated success rates.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed charts of thirty children who had been treated with combination therapy of pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C infection.Patients had been treated with ribavirin(15 mg/kg per day) and either pegylated interferon alfa 2a(180 mg/m 2 once weekly) or pegylated interferon alfa 2b(1.5 mg/kg once weekly).Patients' follow-up included subjective assessment of complaints,physical examination including weight and height,as well as laboratory evaluations for viral load [before treatment,at 12 wk,and 6 mo following treatment completion,as determined by sustained viral response(SVR)],complete blood count,liver enzymes,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,renal function tests,and thyroid function tests.For patients not achieving a two log decrease in viral load at treatment week 12,treatment was discontinued and the patient was considered a treatment non-responder.RESULTS:Thirty children aged 3-18 years were included in the study.Twenty patients(11 males,9 females) received pegylated interferon alfa 2b and ten patients(6 males,4 females) received pegylated interferon alfa 2a.Twenty-three patients were infected with genotype 1,six patients were infected with genotype 3,and one patient was infected with genotype 2.Twenty patients(67%) achieved SVR.Treatment success rates were 90% with pegylated interferon alfa 2a vs 55% with pegylated interferon alfa 2b.Although a trend was noted for improved outcomes in the group receiving pegylated interferon alfa 2a,there were no statistically significant outcome differences between the two treatment groups(P = 0.1).Treatment success was 56.5% for patients infected with genotype 1 virus,compared to 100% for patients infected with other genotypes(P = 0.064).There was no difference in treatment response between males and females.A cut-off age of twelve years was used to dichotomize younger vs older participants;however,no difference in treatment response was observed between these groups.Using multivariate regression analysis,we could not determine predictors for achieving SVR from among the variables we examined(age,sex,and viral genotype).Although we noted a trend toward SVR with peginterferon alfa-2a,there was no statistical difference between the two peginterferons.A high incidence of adverse reactions to treatment was noted.Twenty-five patients(83%) suffered from at least one adverse reaction,but most experienced more than one adverse reaction.All patients except one became leukopenic(white blood cell count less than 5500 leukocytes/μL),six(20%) became anemic(hemoglobin less than 110 g/L),and one(3.3%) became thrombocytopenic(platelets less than 100 000/μL).CONCLUSION:Combination therapy to treat hepatitisC in children is as effective as in adults.There may be a benefit for treatment with pegylated interferon alfa 2a.展开更多
This paper aims at studying the effect of recycling on the static and dynamic properties of short alfa fibre reinforced polypropylene.For this purpose,alfa fibres reinforced composites were elaborated by an injection ...This paper aims at studying the effect of recycling on the static and dynamic properties of short alfa fibre reinforced polypropylene.For this purpose,alfa fibres reinforced composites were elaborated by an injection moulding process and were subjected to different mechanical recycling cycles.Then,non-recycled and recycled materials were subjected to static tests and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA)to evaluate the effect of recycling on their behaviour.Besides,the effects of alkali and salt water treatments on the static and dynamic properties of the alfa composite were also investigated.The obtained results show that tensile and flexural properties of alfa fibres reinforced composites decrease during recycling cycles.Moreover,the recycling induces a drop in the storage modulus and enhances the loss factor of these composites.The composites with alfa fibre especially the alkali treated composite show the same resistance to recycling as composites with hemp fibres.Further,SEM observations indicate a decrease in the fibres dimension with the recycling cycles,especially for alfa fibres,which can explain the decrease in the properties of the alfa composite during recycling operations.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: The availability of novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) represents a new era of curative hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, with over 95% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 achieving sustained virological response (SVR). Nevertheless, the majority of patients globally are unable to access these treatments because of cost and infrastructure constraints and, thus, remain untreated and uncured. DATA SOURCE: Relevant articles of peginterferon (PegIFN)-based treatments in HCV and sofosbuvir-based treatments, simeprevir, daclatasvir/asunaprevir, ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir/ombitasvir/dasabuvir, and grazoprevir/elbasvir, were searched in PubMed database, including general population and special population. RESULTS: PegIFN in combination with ribavirin remains an important and relevant option for some patients, achieving SVR rates of up to 79% in genotype 1 and 89% in genotype 2 or 3 infections, which increases for patients with favorable IL28B genotypes. Triple therapy of DAA plus PegIFN/ribavirin is effective in treating difficult-to-cure patients infected with HCV genotype 3 or with resistance-associated variants. Owing to its long history in HCV management, the efficacy, tolerability and long-term outcomes associated with PegIFN alfa-2a are well established and have been validated in large-scale studies and in clinical practice for many populations. Furthermore, emerging data show that IFN-induced SVR is associated with lower incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma compared with DAAs. On the contrary, novel DAAs have yet to be studied in special populations, and long-term outcomes, particularly tumor development and recurrence in patients with cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma, and reactivation of HBV in dually infected patients, are still unclear. CONCLUSION: In this interferon-free era, PegIFN-based regimens remain a safe and effective option for selected HCV patients.
基金Supported by The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund(Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund)The Thailand Research Fund,No.RMU5180051+2 种基金The Thailand Research Fund Senior Research Scholarship,No.RTA5380005The Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand,Office of the Higher Education Commission,No.HR1163AIntegrated Innovation Academic Center,Chulalongkorn University Centenary Academic Development Project,No.CU56-HR05,The Liver Research Unit,Chulalongkorn University
文摘AIM: To study the differential protein profile in serum of hepatitis B patients.METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis B who were receiving peginterferon alfa-2b.The serum samples were subjected to albumin depletion and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Differentially expressed protein spots were identified by electrospray ionizationquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Alpha2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen were further analyzed by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunonephelometry.RESULTS: Nineteen patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) were studied.These patients were followed for at least 1 year after treatment and were classified according to their treatment response: responders(n = 9) and non-responders(n = 10).2-DE and MS/MS analysis were performed to compare the serum proteins before initiating peginterferon alfa2b.From the quantitative analysis of the 2-D gel,7 proteins were detected between the two groups at different levels before treatment.Among these potential candidates,serum levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein,complement component C3c and CD5 antigen-like precursor were further analyzed.In the validation phase,23 subjects,9 sustained responders and 14 nonresponders,were recruited.Interestingly,the levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c were elevated in the serum of the non-responders compared to the responders.CONCLUSION: Serum alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein and complement component C3c may be potential serum biomarkers in predicting the treatment response of peginterferon alfa-2b in patients with CHB prior to treatment.
文摘Silkworm powder containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and is promising as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) agent in Japan. Silkworm powder produced in Korea was extracted with 75% ethanol. The extract was derivatized with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl), and DNJ-FMOC content was measured by HPLC. Then, alfa-glucosidase inhibition by silkworm and mulberry powder in pig liver crude enzyme was assayed using 4-nitrophenyl-alfa-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Silkworm powder DNJ content (0.39 to 0.58%) was higher than that in mulberry powder (0.08 to 0.12%). The alfa-glucosidase inhibitory activity of silkworm powder was more potent than that of mulberry leaves and green tea. Silkworm powder DNJ was stable upon heating to 121?C for up to 15 min.
文摘We report a case of pericarditis and chronic inflam- matory demyelinating polyneuropathy with biological signs of a lupus-like syndrome due to pegylated interferon alfa-2a therapy during treatment for chronic hepatitis C.The patient developed moderate weakness in the lower limbs and dyspnea.He was hospitalized for congestive heart failure.An electrocardiogram showed gradual ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V6 without coronary artery disease.A transthoracic cardiac ultrasonographic study revealed moderate pericardial effusion with normal left ventricular function.Anti-DNA antibody and anti-ds DNA IgM were positive.Neu ro logical examination revealed a symmetrical predomina ntly sensory polyneuropathy with impairment of light touch and pin prick in globe and stoking-like distribution.Treatment with prednisolone improved the pericarditis and motor nerve disturbance and the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin improved the sensory nerve disturbance.
文摘AIM:To study current treatment options for pediatric hepatitis C infection and their associated success rates.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed charts of thirty children who had been treated with combination therapy of pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C infection.Patients had been treated with ribavirin(15 mg/kg per day) and either pegylated interferon alfa 2a(180 mg/m 2 once weekly) or pegylated interferon alfa 2b(1.5 mg/kg once weekly).Patients' follow-up included subjective assessment of complaints,physical examination including weight and height,as well as laboratory evaluations for viral load [before treatment,at 12 wk,and 6 mo following treatment completion,as determined by sustained viral response(SVR)],complete blood count,liver enzymes,alkaline phosphatase,bilirubin,renal function tests,and thyroid function tests.For patients not achieving a two log decrease in viral load at treatment week 12,treatment was discontinued and the patient was considered a treatment non-responder.RESULTS:Thirty children aged 3-18 years were included in the study.Twenty patients(11 males,9 females) received pegylated interferon alfa 2b and ten patients(6 males,4 females) received pegylated interferon alfa 2a.Twenty-three patients were infected with genotype 1,six patients were infected with genotype 3,and one patient was infected with genotype 2.Twenty patients(67%) achieved SVR.Treatment success rates were 90% with pegylated interferon alfa 2a vs 55% with pegylated interferon alfa 2b.Although a trend was noted for improved outcomes in the group receiving pegylated interferon alfa 2a,there were no statistically significant outcome differences between the two treatment groups(P = 0.1).Treatment success was 56.5% for patients infected with genotype 1 virus,compared to 100% for patients infected with other genotypes(P = 0.064).There was no difference in treatment response between males and females.A cut-off age of twelve years was used to dichotomize younger vs older participants;however,no difference in treatment response was observed between these groups.Using multivariate regression analysis,we could not determine predictors for achieving SVR from among the variables we examined(age,sex,and viral genotype).Although we noted a trend toward SVR with peginterferon alfa-2a,there was no statistical difference between the two peginterferons.A high incidence of adverse reactions to treatment was noted.Twenty-five patients(83%) suffered from at least one adverse reaction,but most experienced more than one adverse reaction.All patients except one became leukopenic(white blood cell count less than 5500 leukocytes/μL),six(20%) became anemic(hemoglobin less than 110 g/L),and one(3.3%) became thrombocytopenic(platelets less than 100 000/μL).CONCLUSION:Combination therapy to treat hepatitisC in children is as effective as in adults.There may be a benefit for treatment with pegylated interferon alfa 2a.
文摘This paper aims at studying the effect of recycling on the static and dynamic properties of short alfa fibre reinforced polypropylene.For this purpose,alfa fibres reinforced composites were elaborated by an injection moulding process and were subjected to different mechanical recycling cycles.Then,non-recycled and recycled materials were subjected to static tests and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis(DMA)to evaluate the effect of recycling on their behaviour.Besides,the effects of alkali and salt water treatments on the static and dynamic properties of the alfa composite were also investigated.The obtained results show that tensile and flexural properties of alfa fibres reinforced composites decrease during recycling cycles.Moreover,the recycling induces a drop in the storage modulus and enhances the loss factor of these composites.The composites with alfa fibre especially the alkali treated composite show the same resistance to recycling as composites with hemp fibres.Further,SEM observations indicate a decrease in the fibres dimension with the recycling cycles,especially for alfa fibres,which can explain the decrease in the properties of the alfa composite during recycling operations.
