Six seasons of experiments in Machakos, Kenya, revealed that above about 150 mm of rainfall, maize yields per row in alley cropped “replacement” agroforestry (AF) plots, of Cassia siamea Lam. and maize ( Zea ma...Six seasons of experiments in Machakos, Kenya, revealed that above about 150 mm of rainfall, maize yields per row in alley cropped “replacement” agroforestry (AF) plots, of Cassia siamea Lam. and maize ( Zea mays, cv. Katumani Composite B), may be expected to exceed those in the control (sole maize) plots. Such yields were insufficient to compensate for the area “lost” to the hedgerows. Below about 150 mm the control plots may be expected to perform better. This result was due to competition for water. Greater association of the fine roots of Cassia and maize was observed in the middle of the alleys than near the hedgerows. Photosynthetic consequences of shading were insignificant relative to other factors. In the alleys, reductions of soil temperature due to shade in the western and eastern maize rows were higher than in the middle row. Soil moisture extraction was higher in the AF than in the control plots. In the AF plots, moisture extraction was greater under the central maize rows than under those nearest the Cassia. Yield patterns followed such soil temperature and soil moisture patterns. Maize transpiration and photosynthetic rates were significantly higher in the control than in the AF plots during a below average rainy season but not during above average rainy seasons. It is concluded that alley cropping under semi arid conditions should be approached differently from the system worked on. It must at least provide strong physical protection of crops and/or soils and have a strong economic incentive to be of interest to the farmers.展开更多
Alley cropping of Cassia siamea and maize was studied in semi arid Kenya for soil fertility improvement. Katumani composite maize was planted except in the short rains of 1988 (SR88) when a hybrid variety was sow...Alley cropping of Cassia siamea and maize was studied in semi arid Kenya for soil fertility improvement. Katumani composite maize was planted except in the short rains of 1988 (SR88) when a hybrid variety was sown. Therefore the grain yield per row increased differently in the alley cropped maize (CM). Sole maize (SM) and CM yields were higher in SR88 than in the long rains of 1988 (LR88) by 62% and 38%, while yields from the same treatments in LR89 were only 21% and 45% of those in SR88 These differences in relative maize yields are attributed to differences between the two maize varieties in competition under nutrient stress conditions.展开更多
The linguistic landscape of traditional historic tourist attractions has undergone heterogeneous changes under the impact of globalization and tourism development.Guided by the linguistic landscape construction princi...The linguistic landscape of traditional historic tourist attractions has undergone heterogeneous changes under the impact of globalization and tourism development.Guided by the linguistic landscape construction principle and meaning combination analysis,taking the linguistic landscape of South Luogu Al ey in Beijing as the research object,its unique presentation and formation mechanism are analyzed and explicated in this paper.In the first part,we describe the elements of tradition and modernity presented in both private and official linguistic landscape.In the second part,we explain these characteristics,and the results show that:traditional elements dominated with each presents unique characteristics while modern elements especially English have been extensively employed than ever before,functioning as the information disseminator and prestige symbol.Finally,certain degrees of problems need to be meticulously considered so as to foster the renewal progress of the historic tourist attractions.展开更多
The English translation of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry can help“Chinese culture go abroad”,which has far-reaching influence on the culture communication.Therefore,the accurate understanding of the metapho...The English translation of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry can help“Chinese culture go abroad”,which has far-reaching influence on the culture communication.Therefore,the accurate understanding of the metaphors in poetry is extremely necessary.This paper takes Dai Wangshu’s poem“Rainy Alley”and its English translations as the research subjects,and explores the different understandings of metaphors in Chinese and Western cultures from the perspective of cognitive linguistic.This paper finds out that the translation of metaphors in poetry should always base on the“emotion”so as to accurately translate the poetry.展开更多
TOURISTS traveling to Beijing always have the Great Wall,Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City on their must-see list.But what if you have already seen the sights?Then it’s time to explore the ancient capital’s hu...TOURISTS traveling to Beijing always have the Great Wall,Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City on their must-see list.But what if you have already seen the sights?Then it’s time to explore the ancient capital’s hutongs.Featured this issue is Nanluoguxiang Alley,one of downtown Beijing’s best preserved hutongs.With its grey-walled courtyard homes,it offers a real taste of traditional city life. Located several kilometers north of the Forbidden City and east of Houhai Lake, Nanluoguxiang Alley is a 786-meter-long and 8-meter-wide lane.It stretches northsouth from Gulou East Street to Di’anmen East Street.展开更多
Rewi Alley(Dec 2,1897-Dec27,1987),a well-known New Zealand writer,educator and social reformer,was born in the small town of Springfield in Canterbury,New Zealand.As a young man,Alley fought in World War I,after which...Rewi Alley(Dec 2,1897-Dec27,1987),a well-known New Zealand writer,educator and social reformer,was born in the small town of Springfield in Canterbury,New Zealand.As a young man,Alley fought in World War I,after which he returned to New Zealand and engaged展开更多
Shandan county in Gansu province was once an important stop on the ancient Silk Road,where people from Central Asia,India and Persia traded commodities.Tales from their friendly exchanges and harmonious coexistence we...Shandan county in Gansu province was once an important stop on the ancient Silk Road,where people from Central Asia,India and Persia traded commodities.Tales from their friendly exchanges and harmonious coexistence were often retold.Through thousands of years of changing circumstances,the friendship and communication between Chinese展开更多
On April 21,1927,Rewi Alley,a young New Zealander,came to Shanghai,China.It was the first time he had set foot in China,which was called'a country shaken by revolution'by newspapers back in his country.He came...On April 21,1927,Rewi Alley,a young New Zealander,came to Shanghai,China.It was the first time he had set foot in China,which was called'a country shaken by revolution'by newspapers back in his country.He came out of curiosity.But he became a direct witness to inequalities in China and the people’s sufferings,and quickly determined to assist the Chinese people in their battle for social change.He spent the next 60 years in the展开更多
I was fortunate to get to know Rewi Alley and become a member of his Chinese family during my childhood.This year marks the 120th anniversary of his birth,and hence a host of commemorative events will be held in both ...I was fortunate to get to know Rewi Alley and become a member of his Chinese family during my childhood.This year marks the 120th anniversary of his birth,and hence a host of commemorative events will be held in both China and New Zealand.As one of the four boys he adopted from the Nie family,I am the only one among the siblings who is still alive.I展开更多
Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of tra...Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.展开更多
The aim of the work was to evaluate the productivity, leaf nutrient content and soil nutrient concentration in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sequence with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) under Leucaena diversifolia...The aim of the work was to evaluate the productivity, leaf nutrient content and soil nutrient concentration in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sequence with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) under Leucaena diversifolia alley cropping agroforestry system (AFS) and traditional management system/sole crop (without trees-TS), after two years of cultivation following a randomized block design. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian Association of Biodynamic Agriculture, in Botucatu—S?o Paulo, Brazil. Treatments were: control (C), chemical fertilizer application (F), biomass of L. diversifolia alley cropping application (B), biomass of L. diversifolia alley cropping + chemical fertilizer application (B + F). In the second year of management it was observed that black oat yield was higher in treatments B + F and F with significant difference in relation to the others treatments in both systems, followed by treatment B. Between systems, only treatment B showed significant difference, with higher yield value corresponding to AFS, reflecting the efficiency of AFS to promote soil fertility. Maize production presented the second year of cultivation an increasing trend in all treatments in both production systems. This result may be due to the cumulative effect of mineralization and maize straw and oats, along the experiment. How productivity was higher in the AFS system, could also be occurring effect of biological nitrogen fixation, water retention and reduction of extreme microclimate through the rows of L. diversifolia. Comparing the AFS and TS, it was observed that the concentration of N in leaf tissue was higher in the AFS treatments, probably due to nitrogen fixation performed through the rows of L. diversifolia, that is a nitrogen fixing tree species. After two years, carbon stocked in soil show higher values in the treatments biomass + fertilizer and biomass application, in both systems, AFS and TS.展开更多
文摘Six seasons of experiments in Machakos, Kenya, revealed that above about 150 mm of rainfall, maize yields per row in alley cropped “replacement” agroforestry (AF) plots, of Cassia siamea Lam. and maize ( Zea mays, cv. Katumani Composite B), may be expected to exceed those in the control (sole maize) plots. Such yields were insufficient to compensate for the area “lost” to the hedgerows. Below about 150 mm the control plots may be expected to perform better. This result was due to competition for water. Greater association of the fine roots of Cassia and maize was observed in the middle of the alleys than near the hedgerows. Photosynthetic consequences of shading were insignificant relative to other factors. In the alleys, reductions of soil temperature due to shade in the western and eastern maize rows were higher than in the middle row. Soil moisture extraction was higher in the AF than in the control plots. In the AF plots, moisture extraction was greater under the central maize rows than under those nearest the Cassia. Yield patterns followed such soil temperature and soil moisture patterns. Maize transpiration and photosynthetic rates were significantly higher in the control than in the AF plots during a below average rainy season but not during above average rainy seasons. It is concluded that alley cropping under semi arid conditions should be approached differently from the system worked on. It must at least provide strong physical protection of crops and/or soils and have a strong economic incentive to be of interest to the farmers.
文摘Alley cropping of Cassia siamea and maize was studied in semi arid Kenya for soil fertility improvement. Katumani composite maize was planted except in the short rains of 1988 (SR88) when a hybrid variety was sown. Therefore the grain yield per row increased differently in the alley cropped maize (CM). Sole maize (SM) and CM yields were higher in SR88 than in the long rains of 1988 (LR88) by 62% and 38%, while yields from the same treatments in LR89 were only 21% and 45% of those in SR88 These differences in relative maize yields are attributed to differences between the two maize varieties in competition under nutrient stress conditions.
基金Sponsored by Campus Culture Project of Beijing Jiaotong University:Cross-cultural Study of Campus Official English Translation from the Perspective of International Publicity (162085522)。
文摘The linguistic landscape of traditional historic tourist attractions has undergone heterogeneous changes under the impact of globalization and tourism development.Guided by the linguistic landscape construction principle and meaning combination analysis,taking the linguistic landscape of South Luogu Al ey in Beijing as the research object,its unique presentation and formation mechanism are analyzed and explicated in this paper.In the first part,we describe the elements of tradition and modernity presented in both private and official linguistic landscape.In the second part,we explain these characteristics,and the results show that:traditional elements dominated with each presents unique characteristics while modern elements especially English have been extensively employed than ever before,functioning as the information disseminator and prestige symbol.Finally,certain degrees of problems need to be meticulously considered so as to foster the renewal progress of the historic tourist attractions.
基金supported by the Fund of Key Research Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Province[2018WZDXM010]the Fund of Graduate Research Innovation program of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies[22GWCXXM-108].
文摘The English translation of modern and contemporary Chinese poetry can help“Chinese culture go abroad”,which has far-reaching influence on the culture communication.Therefore,the accurate understanding of the metaphors in poetry is extremely necessary.This paper takes Dai Wangshu’s poem“Rainy Alley”and its English translations as the research subjects,and explores the different understandings of metaphors in Chinese and Western cultures from the perspective of cognitive linguistic.This paper finds out that the translation of metaphors in poetry should always base on the“emotion”so as to accurately translate the poetry.
文摘TOURISTS traveling to Beijing always have the Great Wall,Tiananmen Square and the Forbidden City on their must-see list.But what if you have already seen the sights?Then it’s time to explore the ancient capital’s hutongs.Featured this issue is Nanluoguxiang Alley,one of downtown Beijing’s best preserved hutongs.With its grey-walled courtyard homes,it offers a real taste of traditional city life. Located several kilometers north of the Forbidden City and east of Houhai Lake, Nanluoguxiang Alley is a 786-meter-long and 8-meter-wide lane.It stretches northsouth from Gulou East Street to Di’anmen East Street.
文摘Rewi Alley(Dec 2,1897-Dec27,1987),a well-known New Zealand writer,educator and social reformer,was born in the small town of Springfield in Canterbury,New Zealand.As a young man,Alley fought in World War I,after which he returned to New Zealand and engaged
文摘Shandan county in Gansu province was once an important stop on the ancient Silk Road,where people from Central Asia,India and Persia traded commodities.Tales from their friendly exchanges and harmonious coexistence were often retold.Through thousands of years of changing circumstances,the friendship and communication between Chinese
文摘On April 21,1927,Rewi Alley,a young New Zealander,came to Shanghai,China.It was the first time he had set foot in China,which was called'a country shaken by revolution'by newspapers back in his country.He came out of curiosity.But he became a direct witness to inequalities in China and the people’s sufferings,and quickly determined to assist the Chinese people in their battle for social change.He spent the next 60 years in the
文摘I was fortunate to get to know Rewi Alley and become a member of his Chinese family during my childhood.This year marks the 120th anniversary of his birth,and hence a host of commemorative events will be held in both China and New Zealand.As one of the four boys he adopted from the Nie family,I am the only one among the siblings who is still alive.I
文摘Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.
文摘The aim of the work was to evaluate the productivity, leaf nutrient content and soil nutrient concentration in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in sequence with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) under Leucaena diversifolia alley cropping agroforestry system (AFS) and traditional management system/sole crop (without trees-TS), after two years of cultivation following a randomized block design. The experiment was carried out in the Brazilian Association of Biodynamic Agriculture, in Botucatu—S?o Paulo, Brazil. Treatments were: control (C), chemical fertilizer application (F), biomass of L. diversifolia alley cropping application (B), biomass of L. diversifolia alley cropping + chemical fertilizer application (B + F). In the second year of management it was observed that black oat yield was higher in treatments B + F and F with significant difference in relation to the others treatments in both systems, followed by treatment B. Between systems, only treatment B showed significant difference, with higher yield value corresponding to AFS, reflecting the efficiency of AFS to promote soil fertility. Maize production presented the second year of cultivation an increasing trend in all treatments in both production systems. This result may be due to the cumulative effect of mineralization and maize straw and oats, along the experiment. How productivity was higher in the AFS system, could also be occurring effect of biological nitrogen fixation, water retention and reduction of extreme microclimate through the rows of L. diversifolia. Comparing the AFS and TS, it was observed that the concentration of N in leaf tissue was higher in the AFS treatments, probably due to nitrogen fixation performed through the rows of L. diversifolia, that is a nitrogen fixing tree species. After two years, carbon stocked in soil show higher values in the treatments biomass + fertilizer and biomass application, in both systems, AFS and TS.
