Impact of invasion of pine wood nematode on the growth of dominant shrub Pleioblastus amarus in Pinus massoniana communities

When pine trees are invaded by pine wilt diseases, the severely infected pine trees will die and fall down, or they will be removed when found to be damaged by the disease. It gives rise to the invasion of other species in these empty niches originally oc- cupied by pine trees, i.e., competing surrounding trees or understory shrubs will invade the empty niches during the following years. As a result, the spatial distribution and pattern of the main tree species in a pine forest will change, and a niche variety in the main population will occur. In the end, the direction of the succession and restoration of the pine forest ecosystem will be affected. In our study, a Pinus massoniana forest with the dominant shrub, Pleioblastus amarus, was invaded by pine wood nematode and was clear cut. Selecting this community as our research object, we studied the effect of the invasion of the pine wood nematode on the growth of the dominant shrub, P. amarus, in this Pinus massoniana forest. Our results show that, after the attacked pine trees were removed, the niche was occupied by Pleioblastus amarus and other shrubs, which benefited the growth ofP. amarus to its climax. Growth of P. amarus at the climax stage was greater compared with the unhealthy pine forest and the control group.

Profiling of seminal antioxidant indices and sperm quality in Plasmodium bergheiinduced malarial mice treated with Phyllanthus amarus

Objective:To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of Phyllanthus(P.)amarus crude ethanol leaf extract and its effects on semen quality in male BALB/c mice.Methods:A total of 36 adult mice were divided into six groups,with 6 mice each.Five groups were infected with Plasmodium(P.)berghei,and one group was left uninfeceted.Of the five infected groups,one group was left untreated,three groups were treated with varying doses(100,250 and 400 mg/kg)of P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract orally for 4 days,and another group was treated with standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS).Antiplasmodial activity,seminal quality,some biochemical indices(neutral毩-glucosidase,fructose,and citric acid)in seminal plasma and seminal antioxidant markers(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,reduced glutathione,malondialdehyde,total antioxidant capacity,and acid phosphates)were determined.The mice were euthanized 3 days post treatment and semen was collected from the caudal epididymis and processed for analysis using documented methods and procedures.Results:Malarial infection led to oxidative stress,causing a significant decline in seminal quality(P<0.05).However,treatment with P.amarus crude ethanol leaf extract alleviated oxidative stress and significantly improved seminal quality.The improvement was dose-dependent and compared well with the standard drug,artemether and lumefantrine(Lonart®DS)treatment.Conclusions:The ethanol leaf extracts of P.amarus alleviate male reproductive capacity during malaria infection in murine model by enhancing antioxidant activities.

The antiplasmodial effect of the extracts and formulated capsules of Phyllanthus amarus on Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice

Objective:To investigate the antiplasmodial activity of the extracts of Phyllanthus amarus(P. amarus) on Plasmodium yoelii(P.yoelii)(a resistant malaria parasite strain used in animal stuthes) infection in mice.Methods:The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus was administered to Swiss albino mice at doses of 200 mg/kg/day,400 mg/ kg/day,800 mg/kg/day and 1 600 mg/kg/day and the prophylactic and chemotherapeutic effect of the extracts against P.yoelii infection in mice was investigated and compared with those of standard antimalaria drugs used in the treatment of malaria parasite infection.Acute toxicity test was carried out in mice to determine the safety of the plant extract when administered orally. Results:The results showed that the extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent prophylactic and chemotherapeutic activity with the aqueous extracts showing slightly higher effect than the ethanol extract.The antiplasmodial effects of the extracts were comparable to the standard prophylactic and chemotherapeutic drugs used in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium infection although the activity depended on the dose of the extract administered.The extracts showed prophylactic effect by significantly delaying the onset of infection with the suppression of 79% at a dose of 1 600 mg/kg/day.Conclusions:The results obtained indicate that the extracts of the whole plant of P.amarus possess repository and chemotherapeutic effects against resistant strains of P.yoelii in Swiss albino mice.The findings justify the use of the extract of P.amarus in traditional medicine practice,for the treatment of malaria infections.

SCHWIND AMARIS准分子激光联合丝裂霉素C行LASEK术矫治远视的研究(英文)

目的：评估SCHWIND AMARIS准分子激光在LASEK术中矫治远视手术中的有效性,安全性和可预测性。方法：回顾性研究LASEK术联合使用丝裂霉素C矫治远视患者33例66眼,平均年龄35.42±1.12岁（范围18~56a）。每位患者予SCHWIND AMARIS准分子激光行LASEK术。术后对其可预测性、安全性、有效性及主观验光情况进行评估,并分析客观验光、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力及不良反应。结果：平均屈光度为3.2±1.6D（0~7D）,术前及术后平均等效球镜分别为2.34±1.76D（-1.25~7D）及0.30±0.84D（-0.2~0.8D）（P=0.001）。术后6~12mo,平均远视为0.63±0.84D（-1.75~2.76D）。平均散光度为0.68±0.43D（0~2D）,61眼（78.2%）和31眼（39.7%）散光度分别在±1D和±0.50D范围内。安全指数和有效性指数分别为1.08和1.6。结论：应用SCHWIND AMARIS准分子激光联合丝裂霉素C行LASEK术矫治远视具有良好的视觉和屈光结果,而且无严重并发症。

Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of the Plant Phyllanthus amarus Against Dermatophytic Fungi Microsporum gypseum

Objective The antifungal activity of various solvent extracts (such as ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol) of the plant Phyllanthus amarus against dermatophytic fungi Microsporum gypseum was observed. Method Antifungal bioassay in terms of reduction in weight, colony diameter and sporulation of the target fungal colony was carried out using Broth Dilution method. Results Root part of the plant, extracted in various organic solvents did not show any noticeable antifungal activity. The percentage inhibition observed in different solvent extracts of aerial part was found as reduction in weight: chloroform [50.3%], ethyl acetate [27.7%] and ethyl alcohol [12.1%], reduction in colony diameter: chloroform [53.4%], ethyl acetate [31.4%] and ethyl alcohol [15.0%] and reduction in sporulation: maximum inhibition in chloroform extract, at test concentration of 4000 ppm at incubation period of 8 days. Conclusion Chloroform fraction of the aerial part of the plant P. amarus shows significant inhibitory effect against dermatophytic fungi M. gypseum and requires chemical characterization for its bioactive principle.

Anopheles gambiae larvicidal and adulticidal potential of Phyllanthus amarus(Schumach and Thonn,1827)obtained from different localities of Nigeria

Objective:To screen phytochemicals in ethanolic leaf extracts of Phyllanthus amarus collected from three different geographical zones in Nigeria and evaluate their effects on larva and adult of Anopheles gambiae.Methods:The sample extracts of Phyllanthus amarus prepared with ethanol solvent were tested against Anopheles gambiae at two important developmental stages of its life cycle using slightly modified WHO protocols.Results:Alkaloids,saponins,tannins,flavonoids,glycosides,phenols,and terpenes were detected in each extract.Among these samples,the extract from northwest exhibited the highest larvicidal activity(LC50=263.02 ppm),followed by southeast and southwest extracts(LC50=288.40 and 295.12 ppm,respectively after 48 h),while the extract from southwest exhibited the highest adulticidal activity(LC50=275.42 ppm),followed by northwest and southeast extract(LC50=301.99 and 316.22 ppm,respectively after 24 h).A 50%larva mortality was almost attained at 600 ppm after 48 h duration of exposure to the northwest extract.Conclusions:The tested samples possess strong larvicidal and adulticidal property against Anopheles gambiae which depends on their chemical composition and localities of collection.Further studies are needed to explore the insecticidal activity against a wider range of mosquito species,and to identify active ingredient(s)of the extract responsible for such activity.

Amari-Hopfield神经网络技术在目标运动要素解算中的应用

针对潜艇目标运动要素解算过程中经常出现的非正常误差及其无规律性,采用Amari-Hopfield神经网络思想,通过对残差的学习和训练来抑制非正常误差的影响,达到提高目标运动参数估计精度的目的。海试数据计算表明,该方法对海试量测数据中非正常误差量测点能有效地辨识并抑制,从而改进目标运动要素解算的效果。

苦竹笋发酵工艺条件优化及成品挥发性成分分析

为开发一款品质优良的方便型发酵苦竹笋产品,研究发酵方式和发酵工艺条件对发酵苦竹笋品质的影响,以苦竹笋为主要原料,以产品的总酸含量、VC含量、亚硝酸盐含量和感官评分为评价指标,确定苦竹笋的发酵方式,采用单因素与正交试验相结合的方法筛选苦竹笋的最优发酵工艺条件,利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析发酵苦竹笋成品的挥发性成分。结果表明,接种乳酸菌发酵为最佳发酵方式;最优发酵工艺条件为蔗糖添加量2%、食盐添加量5%、乳酸菌粉接种量0.10%,发酵时间6 d;成品中检测出25种挥发性成分,包括醇类5种、酯类7种、烯烃类7种、醚类1种、酸类1种、酮类1种、其他3种,相对含量依次为48.13%、33.69%、11.99%、4.16%、0.22%、0.19%、1.62%。该条件下制作的发酵苦竹笋产品色泽好、风味佳、质地脆嫩。

Local Plants Potentially Suitable for Phytoremediation of Soils Polluted by Heavy Metals: The Case of Landfill Sites

Landfills are contaminated sites that need to be cleaned up to prevent human and environmental exposure to pollutants. This article aims to identify local plants capable of restoring soil polluted by heavy metals. To this end, plant species at the Bonoua landfill were inventoried. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the heavy metal content of soil and plants from the landfill. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals in plants was evaluated. The Bonoua landfill is covered with 62 plant species, comprising 28 botanical families and 50 genera. The BCF varied from 0.08 (titanium) to 2.27 (strontium) for Phyllanthus amarus;from 0.06 (titanium) to 1.83 (copper) for Alternanthera sessilis and from 0.03 (arsenic) to 2.10 (strontium) for Amaranthus spinosus. Phyllanthus amarus, Alternanthera sessilis, and Amaranthus spinosus are strontium-accumulating species (BCF > 1). Similarly, copper BCF values were above 1 for Phyllanthus amarus, and Alternanthera sessilis. These two plant species are therefore copper accumulators. In short, Phyllanthus amarus, Alternanthera sessilis, and Amaranthus spinosus are candidate species for phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils, given their BCF > 1.

亚热带不同地区苦竹叶片养分化学计量变异特征及其环境的驱动作用

[目的]探究地理分异对苦竹叶片养分化学计量特征的影响及其主要环境驱动因子。[方法]采用Pearson相关分析、LSD差异分析和结构方程建模的方法,分析了不同地区(安徽省潜山县、浙江省龙游县、福建省沙县区)1~3年生苦竹叶片C、N、P含量和化学计量比及其与环境因子的相互关系。[结果]表明:随着纬度的升高,1~3年生苦竹立竹叶片C、N、P含量均呈下降的趋势,而C:N、C:P、N:P总体呈上升的趋势。潜山县立竹叶片C、N、P含量显著低于龙游县和沙县区,而C:N、C:P、N:P龙游县和沙县区明显小于潜山县;随着立竹年龄的增大,立竹叶片C、N、P含量均呈下降的趋势,C:N、C:P呈上升趋势,而N:P不同年龄立竹间无显著变化;Pearson相关分析发现,年平均温度和土壤化学性质(土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质等)对立竹叶片养分化学计量特征具有重要影响,而年平均降水量等气候因子和土壤物理性质影响不大。结构方程模型结果显示,气候因子、土壤因子与叶片养分化学计量特征均呈显著正相关,并且其总影响效应水平接近。[结论]地理分异导致的苦竹叶片养分化学计量特征变异是气候和土壤因子共同作用的结果。其中,年平均温度和土壤水解性氮、全磷、速效钾含量是影响苦竹叶片养分化学计量变异的主要驱动因子。

Phonopheresis Associated with Nanoparticle Gel from Phyllanthus amarus Relieves Pain by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory Markers in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective: To determine the changes in serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant levels among the knee osteoarthritis(OA) patients after treatment with Phyllanthus amarus(PP) by nanoparticle gel phonophoresis. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, parallel-group, clinical trial involving 30 subjects with mild-to-moderate degree of knee OA. The patients were allocated to two groups using a computer-generated random numbers, and received conventional ultrasound therapy(control group, 15 cases) and PP(treatment group, 15 cases) once daily for 10 sessions. The pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay(ELISA). Nitric oxide(NO) was determined by modified Griess reagent. The antioxidant effects, including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and total antioxidant capacity(TAC), were also measured by ELISA assay. Results: The VAS score was significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group after treatment(P<0.01). The serum concentrations of TNF-α and NO were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with the control group(P<0.01) after treatment. However, the serum concentrations of SOD and TAC in the treatment group were significantly higher after treatment compared with the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion: PP could alleviate knee pain and significantly reduce systemic antiinflammatory effects in knee OA patients.

不同林内环境下苦竹新鲜残体的分解特征

[目的]研究苦竹新鲜残体的分解过程及影响因素可以预测苦竹林在受到极端气候事件导致的机械损伤后生态系统物质循环变化过程,评估灾害对森林碳汇功能的影响,为灾后森林科学管理提供依据。[方法]以广东南岭地区皆伐后苦竹大量扩张的次生林为对象,设置对照(CK)和移除林下竹子(RB)两种林内环境,采用分解袋法研究了苦竹各器官新鲜残体的分解特征。[结果]苦竹各器官新鲜残体的分解过程可以分为两个阶段,即前期阶段(前2个月)质量快速损失,后期阶段(后24个月)缓慢分解。前期阶段各器官平均质量损失率依次为竹叶(51.2%)>竹枝(31.7%)>竹根(24.4%)>竹秆(16.6%),各器官间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),RB环境下竹叶的质量损失率显著低于CK。后期阶段各器官平均质量损失率依次为竹枝(40.3%)>竹叶(29.1%)>竹秆(28.1%)>竹根(19.6%),各器官间除竹叶与竹秆外均存在显著差异,RB环境下竹枝的质量损失率显著高于CK,竹根的质量损失率显著低于CK。Olson分解模型能够较好地模拟各器官的分解过程,平均分解系数(k)依次为竹叶(0.891)>竹枝(0.554)>竹秆(0.249)>竹根(0.242),各器官间除竹秆和竹根外均存在显著差异,RB环境下竹叶的k显著低于CK。各器官分解50%的周期(T_(0.5))依次为竹秆(2.48 a)>竹根(2.44 a)>竹枝(0.97 a)>竹叶(0.51 a),其中竹根和竹秆显著高于竹枝和竹叶,RB环境下竹根的T_(0.5)显著高于CK。各器官分解周期(T_(0.95))依次为竹根(12.81a)>竹秆(12.12 a)>竹枝(5.22 a)>竹叶(3.22 a),其中竹根和竹秆显著高于竹枝和竹叶,RB环境下竹秆的T0.95显著低于CK,竹根的T_(0.95)显著高于CK。各器官基质质量与分解指标间的相关系数总体上表现为前期阶段高于后期阶段,CK环境下高于RB环境下,其中碳(C)、钾(K)、C/氮(N)、C/磷(P)与分解指标间相关系数较小,N、P、N/P与分解速率呈正相关,木质素/N与分解速率呈负相关。[结论]苦竹新鲜残体的分解过程表现为前期快速失重后期缓慢分解;竹叶分解速率最快,其次为竹枝,竹秆和竹根最慢;各器官基质质量中,N、P、N/P、木质素/N对分解速率影响较大,且主要影响分解前期阶段;清除林下竹子能减缓竹叶和竹根的分解,加快竹秆和竹枝的分解,减弱基质质量对分解速率的影响。

苦竹扩张茶园过程中茶树叶片性状及其异速生长关系变化特征

【目的】在苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus)分布区,茶树(Camellia sinensis)园中苦竹扩张现象普遍,揭示茶树叶形态性状及其异速生长关系对苦竹扩张后异质生境的响应特征,可为茶园生态系统中苦竹扩张控制和可持续性管理提供参考。【方法】调查分析苦竹—茶树混交林界面区(MA)、混交林中心区(TB)和茶树纯林区(TF)3个样地中茶树叶形态性状,采用标准主轴回归分析解析茶树叶形态因子及其异速生长关系随苦竹扩张的变化规律。【结果】(1)在苦竹扩张过程中,茶树叶长(LL)、叶宽(LW)、叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶宽波动不对称性值(A_(F(LW)))和叶面积波动不对称性值(A_(F(LA)))逐渐减小,均在MA样地表现最高值;茶树叶厚(LT)逐渐增大,在TF样地表现最高值。(2)在TB样地中,LL—LW和SLA—LA呈异速生长关系,且截距最小,而在MA与TF样地中LL—LW和SLA—LA相对生长关系无显著变化;LA—LL和LA—LW在3个样地间存在共同斜率,均显著小于1.00,呈异速生长关系,其截距沿苦竹向茶园扩张方向呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,并在各样地间差异显著。【结论】苦竹扩张导致茶树主要叶形态性状及其异速生长关系发生改变。在苦竹扩张过程中,茶树叶片变小、变厚,在混交林界面区变化显著,但在混交林中心区LL、LW和LA对竹林扩张的响应更为敏感。

Amari新品LP-200转盘

成立于2005年的加拿大Amari音响公司虽然还是个年轻的企业，但旗下产品做工精良、造型别致、售价合理，值得玩家们关注。

苦味叶下珠药效物质及药理学研究进展

以苦味叶下珠的药效物质、临床活性、临床应用等为关键词,以Web of Science、谷歌学术、百度学术、中国知网等为数据来源,查阅了与其相关的研究文献,对苦味叶下珠的植物化学研究、药理活性、毒理学评估和禁忌证进行了分析整理,发现苦味叶下珠含有许多有价值的化学成分,且这些化学成分显示出广泛的药理活性,具有较高的抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化、健胃止泻和抗溃疡活性,同时具有增强记忆力的作用,并对避孕、修复肝损伤、降血糖具有临床意义.

苦竹-杉木混交林界面区克隆分株秆形和地上生物量分配的适应策略

苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus)是优质笋材兼用竹种,分布广。为探究界面区苦竹分株秆形及地上构件生物量分配格局的变化特征,解析苦竹对异质生境适应机制,该研究选取了相邻的苦竹林和苦竹-杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)混交林两种林分类型,分别测定了苦竹林和混交林中心区及界面区不同龄级立竹秆形和秆、枝、叶的生物量,分析立竹秆形及地上构件生物量积累、分配、异速生长关系的差异。结果表明:(1)界面区1 a立竹生物量积累及分配差异增大,其中苦竹林界面区各构件相对生物量和叶生物量分配比例提高,而混交林界面区各构件相对生物量和叶生物量分配比例降低;2 a立竹生物量积累及分配比例的差异缩小,界面区两边2 a立竹各构件相对生物量和生物量分配比例均无明显差异。(2)界面区立竹秆形特征及1 a立竹各构件生物量异速生长关系均无明显变化,而苦竹林界面区2 a立竹秆的增长速率提高,枝、叶的增长速率降低。综上认为,苦竹通过权衡资源分配关系,明显改变界面区立竹秆形及生物量分配格局,以提高克隆分株对异质环境的适合度。

苦竹叶提取物对萝卜泡菜品质的影响

为考察苦竹叶提取物对萝卜泡菜品质改良及亚硝酸盐清除效果,该研究以传统自然发酵萝卜泡菜为研究对象,探究苦竹叶提取物添加量(0、0.005%、0.01%、0.02%、0.03%和0.04%)对发酵过程中萝卜泡菜颜色参数、硬度、pH值、亚硝酸盐含量及感官品质的影响。结果表明,与未添加苦竹叶提取物的对照组相比,当苦竹叶提取物添加量为0.02%,发酵时间为7 d时,萝卜泡菜的品质较优,其L*值为56.10,硬度为58.26,pH值为3.22,亚硝酸盐含量为0.28 mg/kg,感官评分为92.80,具有发酵萝卜特有的香味,酸咸协调、口感适宜。

基于主成分分析与核独立成分分析的降维方法

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