Carbon-supported ultrafine Pt nanoparticles modified with trace amounts of cobalt as enhanced oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

To accelerate the kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells,ultrafine Pt nanoparticles modified with trace amounts of cobalt were fabricated and decorated on carbon black through a strategy involving modified glycol reduction and chemical etching.The obtained Pt36Co/C catalyst exhibits a much larger electrochemical surface area(ECSA)and an improved ORR electrocatalytic activity compared to commercial Pt/C.Moreover,an electrode prepared with Pt36Co/C was further evaluated under H2-air single cell test conditions,and exhibited a maximum specific power density of 10.27 W mgPt^-1,which is 1.61 times higher than that of a conventional Pt/C electrode and also competitive with most state-of-the-art Pt-based architectures.In addition,the changes in ECSA,power density,and reacting resistance during the accelerated degradation process further demonstrate the enhanced durability of the Pt36Co/C electrode.The superior performance observed in this work can be attributed to the synergy between the ultrasmall size and homogeneous distribution of catalyst nanoparticles,bimetallic ligand and electronic effects,and the dissolution of unstable Co with the rearrangement of surface structure brought about by acid etching.Furthermore,the accessible raw materials and simplified operating procedures involved in the fabrication process would result in great cost-effectiveness for practical applications of PEMFCs.

Effects of Ultra-drying Treatment on Large Amounts of Four Kinds of Crop Seeds

This study was to understand the physiological changes of four kinds of crop seeds including baby corn, cowpea, radish and rape- seed, under the treatment of ultra-drying. Large amounts of seeds as experimental materials （ 10 kg for each material） were respectively dried to the suitable water content consistent with the ultra-dried seed criterion via heating at 50 ~C; then the physiological indices of these ultra-dried seeds such as water content, seed germination, dehydrogenase activity and SOD activity were measured. The results showed that except cowpea seeds, whose ultra-drying treatment should be controlled between two and four days, other three kinds of seeds were tolerant to high tem- perature and low water content. The ultra-dried seeds assumed similar or even higher activities than CKs, but showed no damage symptom. Our result proves that ultra-drying treatment via heating at 50 ℃ is safe and efficient to experimental seeds.

STUDY AND APPLICATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MICRO AMOUNTS OF BISMUTH WITH MESO—TETRAKIS—(4—N—TRIMETHYL AMMONIUMPHENYL)PORPHINE

A new highly sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of micro amounts of bismuth (Ⅲ), based on the formation of Bi (Ⅲ)—meso—tetrakis—(4—N—trimethylammonium phenyl) porphine [T (4TMAP) P] complex. In the presence of Cd (Ⅱ), Bi(Ⅲ) reacts almost instantaneously with T (4TMAP)P in a 0. 6 mol/l NaAc—HAC buffer (PH5.8) at room temperature. The composition of the complex is T(4TMAP)P: Bi=1:1. The absorbance complex obeys Beer's law over the Bi(Ⅲ) concentration range 0.1—1.4 μg/ml. The linear relative coefficient γ is 0.9998. The apparent molar absorptivity was 1.75×10~5 1. mol^(-1). cm^(-1) at 463nm. The relative standard deviation of the method is 1.50％ for Bi(Ⅲ) 7ug/10ml (10 determinations). The interference of foreign ions has been examined. This simple and rapid method can be applied to the assay of Bi(Ⅲ) in some tablets directly.

105 Tons of Gold Resource Amounts Have Been Newly Discovered in Tongbai Mountain,Henan Province

In September 2016, the Department of Land and Resources of ttenan Province announced that the First Geological Exploration Institute of Henan Bureau of Geo- Exploration ＆ Mineral Development had recently discovered a new104.96-ton gold resource, with 122.034 tons of associated silver and also abundant natural soda and lead-zinc mineral resources in the deep and peripheral areas of the Laowan gold deposit in Tongbai County.

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty four volunteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein breakfast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting and at 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was measured. The levels of serum glucose in group A,B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal compared to those at fasting ( P <0.05). The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A,B and C significant different compared with control group( P <0.05).Those peaked at 1 hour after meal ,with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the serum glucagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A,B and C ( P <0.05).The data suggested that various diets with different calorigenic amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.

Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Yield,Output Value,Content of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after Utilizing the Milk Vetch

A located field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different amount of chemical fertilizer usage on rice yield,economic benefits of rice,soil carbon（C） and total nitrogen（TN） under ploughing back of Chinese milk vetch for 5consecutive years.Six treatments were included in the experiment,they are CK（unfertilized）,CF（100% chemical fertilizer with the amount of N,P2O5,K2 O being150,75,120 kg/hm^2respectively）,A1（22 500 kg/hm^2 Chinese milk vetch and 100%chemical fertilizer）,A2（Chinese milk vetch and 80% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A3（Chinese milk vetch and 60% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）,A4（Chinese milk vetch and 40% nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and 100% phosphate fertilizer）.The results were as follows：application of fertilizer could increase the yield of rice,while Chinese milk vetch combined with fertilizer application had a much more increase effect in rice yield.Under the condition of milk vetch application with 22 500 kg/hm^2,the early rice yield of the treatment A1 was significantly increased by 7.7% compared with that of CF.And the yield of treatment A3 was basically identical to or slight increase in comparison with that of CF.Decreasing amount of fertilizers cloud improve output value of rice in the case of the utilization of Chinese milk vetch.The treatment A1 increased output value of rice by 5.92% in comparison of CF,and treatment A2 was by 4.08% in the next.Treatment A4 showed much better effect in increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the paddy soil than those of treatments applying mineral fertilizer only.There was a significant reduction on soil organic carbon and TN in treatment A2 in comparison with that of CF.In general,amount of application of milk vetch with 22 500 kg/hm^2 could replace chemical fertilizer partially,it also could improve rice yield,decrease the production cost,and raise the utilization efficiency of nutrients.

Monthly variation in litterfall and the amount of nutrients in an Aleurites montana plantation

In this study, the dynamics of monthly variation in litterfall and the amount of nutrients, i.e., organic C, N, P and K, in an Aleurites montana plantation were analyzed, based on a field study and experiments over one year. The results show that the litterfall mass of A. montana collected generally presents an ascending trend with maximum defoliation occurring in the autumn and winter （October-December）, accounting for 75.67% of the total amount of annual litterfalk The sequence in the amount of nutrients in A. montana litter was as follows： organic C 〉 N 〉 K 〉 P; their monthly amounts show various dynamic curves. Similar to the dynamics of the mass of monthly litterfall, the monthly returns of C, N, P and K generally show an ascending trend with their peak values all occurring in December. The mass of A. montana litterfall and the dynamics of its monthly nutrient return provide, to a certain degree, a scientific reference for planting and fertilizing A. montana.

A model to estimate available timber and forest biomass and reforestation expenses in a mountainous region in Japan

We developed a model to estimate supply potentials and available amounts of timber and forest biomass resources from profitable sub-compartments of thinning and final felling operations. Economic balances were estimated while considering not only harvesting expenses but also reforestation expenses after final felling, which should be considered for sustainable forest management. Harvesting expenses were estimated based on two types of timber harvesting systems and three types of forest biomass harvesting systems in each sub-compartment. Then, the model was applied to Nasushiobara city of Tochigi prefecture, Japan. Reforestation expenses had large negative impacts on the financial balances of final felling operations. Few sub-compartments were profitable after considering reforestation expenses. Most profitable sub-compartments were those with mechanized operation systems and landing sales. These accounted for 17.19% of all sub-compartments, while only 5.75% of the sub-compartments were profitable based on their current operation systems and landing sales. Although the overall supply potentials of timber and forest biomass resources were 380,000 m3 and 210,000 Mg, respectively, and 15 times the planned harvest of coniferous tree volume of 25,000 m3year-1 and 50 times the annual demand for the woody gasification power generation of 4,000 Mg year-1 in Nasushiobara, available amounts of timber and forest biomass resources were only49,429 m3 and 33,333 Mg, which were 13.0% and 15.7% of supply potentials for landing sales with mechanized operation systems.

Linnebjer—A South Swedish Oak Forest and Meadow Area—Revisited after Half a Century

An oak forest and three wet meadows/fens were reinvestigated after 50 years concerning tree vitality, biomass and productivity, and soil chemistry. Sulphur and nitrogen deposition has changed dramatically during these years, and the aim was to analyse the differences in both the oak forest and the open field ecosystems. Trees were re-measured and soil profiles were resampled. Important visible changes in the oak forest were stated concerning the vitality of oaks. Aboveground there was a decrease in tree biomass, production and litter fall, but a huge increase in standing dead logs. During the years, the deposition of sulphur had decreased drastically, but nitrogen deposition was still high. Soil acidification in the forest had decreased, reflected in an increased base saturation in the forest, in spite of slightly lowered pH-values. Strongly increased amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg now appeared in the forest soil, and a substantial transport of calcium and magnesium had obviously taken place from the forest soil to the meadow and fens during the years. However, the most important soil change was the accumulation of organic matter. The increased accumulation of organic matter in turn meant increased amounts of colloid particles and microsites for ion exchange in the soil. This favoured 2-valence base cations, and especially Ca and Mg that increased very much in all the studied ecosystems. Carbon as well as nitrogen had strongly increased in the forest, meadow and fen soils. This was interpreted as a natural result of increased vegetation growth due to high nitrogen deposition, increased global annual temperature and increased carbon dioxide concentration in air. It was concluded that the decreased deposition of sulphur had had a positive effect on soil chemistry, and that the deposition of nitrogen probably had stimulated vegetation growth in general, and contributed to increased amount of organic matter in the soils. However, in this studied oak forest, the decreased vitality and many killed trees were also suspected to be a result of high nitrogen deposition. Obviously increased tree growth was counteracted by decreased stress resistance, and increased appearance of pathogens in the oak trees.

A gieat Weakthiough in 1996,guang Long's impoits and expoils amounted to over $110 blillion

1996,It was the first year of implementing China’s ninth"Five Year Plan".In that year,China’s foreigneconomy & trade policy had been greatly read-justed. Despite so many difficulties and new challenges,GuangDong had taken a series of powerful measures on utilizingforeign capital and encouraging imports and exports.Export tradehad continuously increased, reform of enterprises had a greaterbreakthrough,The foreign capitals actually utilized had maintaineda good momentum of development.Looking back upon the passed year,the total annual importand export value of GuangDong had reached USD 110.04 bil-lion.of which the export amounted to USD 59.34 billion,whichis 37.9 percent of total annual Imp.& Exp.Value of the Country.Imports amounted $ 50.7 billion,foreign capital actually usedreached USD 13.9 billion, they were respectively up 5.8 percent,6.8 percent and 14 percent from the previous year.GuangDong’simports and exports emphasized efficient growth.It had

Arabic Word Recognition by Classifiers and Context

Given the number and variety of methods used for handwriting recognition, ithas been shown that there is no single method that can be called the ''best''. In recent years, thecombination of different classifiers and the use of contextual information have become major areasof interest in improving recognition results. This paper addresses a case study on the combinationof multiple classifiers and the integration of syntactic level information for the recognition ofhandwritten Arabic literal amounts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time either ofthese methods has been applied to Arabic word recognition. Using three individual classifiers withhigh level global features, we performed word recognition experiments. A parallel combination methodwas tested for all possible configuration cases of the three chosen classifiers. A syntacticanalyzer makes a final decision on the candidate words generated by the best configuration scheme.The effectiveness of contextual knowledge integration in our application is Arabicconfirmed by theobtained results.