Effects of Exogenous Amylases and Metal Ions on the Amylase Specific Activities and Starch Degradation of the Upper Leaves of ‘KRK_(26)' during Flue-curing

Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exoge-nous amylases and Ca2＋, Mn2＋ and K＋ on the amylase specific activities and starch degradation of the upper leaves of ＇KRK26＇ planted in Yunnan Province during flue-curing. [Method] The amylase specific activities and starch degradation of the leaves were determined by using spectrophotometry. [Result] The 8 U/g exogenous α-amy-lase could improve the specific activity of the leaf α-amylase at yel owing and color-fixing stages, but could not at stem-drying stage, and similarly, the 80 U/g exoge-nous β-amylase could improved the specific activity of the leaf β-amylase at the yel owing stage and the early period of color-fixing stage. The leaf starch could be enhanced to degrade by the exogenous α- or β-amylases and the enhancing effect of the former was stronger than that of the later. 1.50 mg/ml Ca2＋ improved the specific activity of the leaf （α＋β）-amylase mainly due to its enhancing effect on the leaf α-amylase, and increased the starch degradation. 4 mmol/L Mn2＋ inhibited the leaf α-amylase from yel owing to the early period of color-fixing and the β- and （α＋β）-amylases from the yel owing to the later period of color-fixing, but enhanced the leafα-amylase from the later period of color-fixing to the later period of stem-drying and the β- and （α＋β）-amylases at the later period of stem-drying. Meanwhile, Mn2＋ ham-pered the starch degradation during yel owing, but promoted it from the early period of color-fixing to stem-drying. 1 mg/ml K＋ enhanced the leaf α-, β- and （α＋β）-amy-lases during the yel owing stage, but lowered them from the early period of color-fix-ing to the later period of stem-drying, and always inhibited the leaf starch degrada-tion. [Conclusion] The exogenous α-, β- amylases and Ca2＋ of suitable concentra-tions could be used to treat the tobacco leaves before flue-curing to improve the leaf starch degradation during the curing.

A monograph on amylases from <i>Bacillus</i>spp.

Owing to the production of alpha, beta and gamma amylase subtypes;starch degrading microbes, especially bacteria have an invincible role in the food, fermentation, textile and paper industries. Of them, α-amylases from Bacillus spp. have contributed tremendous advancements in bio-industry, especially in starch, detergent and pharmaceutical arena. Though general reviews are seen in literature on amylases, no focused review is available yet solely on α-amylases produced by Bacillus spp. Hence, this focused review on α-amylases from the genus Bacillus is designed in such a way that it should give a vivid picture on most of the aspects on bacillial α-amylases in a handy module with an industrial perspective. With a short introduction on amylases in general, α-amylases from various species of Bacillus reviewed herein encompasses production of α-amylases by submerged and solid-state fermentations;nutrients and other factors required for maximizing production;immobilization strategies for whole cells or purified enzyme;an overview on the molecular weight of the enzyme;followed by distinct sections for purification, characterisation, stability and crystal structure;and concluded with a section on industrial applications of the α-amylases from Bacillus spp.

Glycosylation and secretion of human α-amylases

Three human α-amylases exist: Amy1 (salivary amylase), Amy2A (pancreatic amylase), and Amy2B (expressed in various tissues). These amylases share a 97% - 99% amino acid sequence identity, and two potential N-glycosylation sites (N427 and N476) are commonly found in the C-terminal region. In general, salivary amylase is more frequently glycosylated than pancreatic amylase, and it is still uncertain why differences in the glycosylation pattern among human amylase iso-zymes occur. In this study, we found that there was no significant change of ratio of glycosylated molecules among isozymes produced by the same cultured cells, indicating that glycosylation of amylase is influenced by the type of cell producing the enzyme rather than being an inherent property of the amylase isozymes. We analyzed the glycosylation efficiency of N-glycosylation sites in recombinant Amy2A mutants produced by HEK293 cells and found that glycosylation efficiencies of N427 and N476 were 3% - 18% and 40% - 52%, respectively, indicating that the major N-glycosylation site of glycosylated Amy2A produced by HEK293 cells is N476. The difference in the glycosylation efficiency of each N-glycosylation site also seemed to contribute in part to generate different glycosylation patterns of human amylases. We also confirmed that the C-terminal region of human amylase plays a critical role in secretion, although glycosylation does not play a part in this effect.

Amylase intrapancreatic infusion delays insulin release during an intravenous glucose tolerance test,proof of acini–islet–acinar interactions

BACKGROUND The possible existence of an acini–islet–acinar(AIA)reflex,involving mutual amylase and insulin interactions,was investigated in the current acute experiment on pigs.AIM To confirm the existence of an AIA reflex and justify the placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.METHODS The study was performed on six pigs under general anesthesia.An intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed,with a bolus infusion of 50%glucose to the jugular vein,while amylase(5000 U/kg)or vehicle intrapancreatic infusions were administered via the pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis artery during 30 min with a 1 mL/min flow rate.RESULTS The amylase infusion to pancreatic arterial circulation inhibited and delayed the insulin release peak which is usually associated with the highest value of blood glucose and is typically observed at 15 min after glucose infusion,for>1 h.The intrapancreatic infusion of the vehicle(saline)did not have any effect on the time frame of insulin release.Infusion of 1%bovine serum albumin changed the insulin release curve dramatically and prolonged the high range of insulin secretion,far beyond the glucose peak.CONCLUSION Intrapancreatic arterial infusion of amylase interrupted the integrated glucose–insulin interactions.This confirms an AIA reflex and justifies placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.

Occult pancreaticobiliary reflux is a pathogenic factor of some benign biliary diseases and gallbladder cancer

Background:Pancreaticobiliary maljunction(PBM)is a well-known high-risk factor for biliary malignant tumors because of constant pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR).However,the impact of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux(OPR),which is characterized by high bile amylase levels in individuals with anatomically normal pancreaticobiliary junction,on biliary diseases remains unclear.The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between OPR and biliary diseases.Methods:We enrolled 94 consecutive patients with normal pancreaticobiliary junction and primary biliary diseases confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.We prospectively collected patients’bile samples and measured bile amylase levels.We investigated the incidence of OPR and the difference in bile amylase levels among these patients and assessed the correlation between high bile amylase levels(HBAL)and benign or malignant biliary diseases,as well as the OPR risk factors.Results:The incidence of OPR was 36.6%in patients with benign biliary diseases,26.7%in those with cholangiocarcinoma and 62.5%in those with gallbladder cancer.The median bile amylase level tended to be higher in patients with gallbladder cancer than in those with benign biliary diseases,but there was no significant difference(165.5 IU/L vs.23.0 IU/L,P=0.212).The prevalence of an HBAL with bile amylase levels of 1000-7500 IU/L was similar in patients with gallbladder cancer and benign biliary diseases.However,the incidence of HBAL with bile amylase levels greater than 7500 IU/L was significantly higher in patients with gallbladder cancer than in those with benign biliary diseases(37.5%vs.4.2%,P=0.012).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that choledocholithiasis was an independent risk factor for OPR.Conclusions:OPR can occur in benign and malignant biliary diseases,and it may be a pathogenic factor for some benign biliary diseases and a high-risk factor for gallbladder cancer.There is a correlation between choledocholithiasis and OPR.

Analysis of Amylase and Superoxide Dismutase Isozymes During the Germination Process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv Seeds

[ Objective] The study was to understand the changes of amylase（AMY） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） isozymes during the ger- mination process of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv seeds. [ Metbod] By employing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, the expressions of AMY and SOD isozymes during seed germination process were analyzed. ~ Result] The main AMY bands remained strong during the whole peri- od and a new band A2 appeared in the middle and late period of seed germination. Some new SOD bands occurred at the early stage, then be- came weak or disappeared in the middle period, and band S6 became intense in the late peried. [ Conclusion.] The expression of AMY and SOD isozyme gene has temporal difference during germination of E. henryi Oliv seeds.

长豇豆种子萌发进程中生理生化指标动态变化

以长豇豆品种“花荣”为材料,在浸种（恒温20℃）后,每隔24 h测定呼吸速率、发芽量以及子叶中可溶性蛋白含量,α-淀粉酶（α-Amylase）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性;并从第4天起测定胚芽中4种酶活性.随萌发进程,在子叶和新生胚芽两部位中发生如下动态变化：（1）呼吸速率明显升高,第4天CO2的释放量最高（7.716×10-3ml/（g·min））,之后趋于稳定.（2）可溶性蛋白含量在子叶中呈反“S”形曲线变化,胚芽中先升后降.（3）子叶中α-淀粉酶活性明显呈单峰走势,在第4天形成的麦芽糖达最高（62.69 mg/（g·min））;在胚芽中α-淀粉酶活性低于子叶,并呈下降趋势.（4）子叶中POD活性呈上升趋势,第7天极显著升高;胚芽中POD活性,第4～6天呈上升趋势,并高于子叶.（5）子叶中CAT活性呈下降趋势;胚芽中CAT活性变化小,但第7天显著下降.（6）子叶中SOD活性呈下降趋势,但在第4天有一明显峰值;胚芽中SOD活性变化很小.总之,伴随着种子吸水量增加和呼吸速率升高的萌发进程,子叶中淀粉酶活性变化呈单峰曲线,这与淀粉被降解和利用有关,吸胀后其活性升高有利于降解淀粉为简单碳水化合物,供幼胚生长,当子叶储藏的淀粉消耗殆尽时则淀粉酶活性下降;POD活性上升,可能因其与新生胚中多种物质的合成或分解有关;CAT和SOD活性呈降低趋势,因为它们主要与在逆境中消除植物体内活性氧有关,而在正常萌发过程活性氧含量低.

Screening and Identification of Amylase-producing Strain from Arctic Ocean and Optimization of Enzyme Producing Conditions

[Objective] The aims were to investigate the screening and identification of amylase-producing marine bacteria from Arctic sea and the optimization of the amylase producing conditions. [Method] A high-yield strain for producing amylase named ArcB84A was isolated from a total of 156 marine bacteria of Arctic sea. Then,the morphological identification of the strain,molecular identification of 16S rRNA and optimization of fermentation conditions were conducted. [Result] ArcB84A strain was a member of Pseudoalteromonas genus. The optimum conditions for enzyme production of B84A strain included that,the initial pH value of the medium was 7.0-8.0,and the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively were 5‰ glucose and peptone. Surfactants including TritonX-100,Tween20 and Tween80 could increase amylase activity of the strain,in which,the effect of 10‰ Tween80 was the most obvious.

Activities, Quantitative Changes and Subcellular Localization of α-Amylase During Development of Apple Fruit

Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. α_Amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was often shown extrachloroplastic in living cells. The present experiment showed that α_amylase activity was progressively increasing concomitantly with the decreasing starch concentrations during the development of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh cv. Starkrimson) fruit. The apparent amount of α_amylase assessed by Western blotting also increased during the fruit development, which is consistent with the seasonal changes in the enzyme activity. The enzyme subcellular_localization studies via immunogold electron_ microscopy technique showed that α_amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly located in plastids, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments. A high density of the enzyme was observed at the periphery of starch granules during the middle and late developmental stages. These data proved that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites in the living cells of the fruit. The predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of α_amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the fruit development. The density of gold particles (α_amylase) in plastids was increasing during the fruit development, which is consistent with the results of Western blotting. So it is considered that α_amylase is involved in starch hydrolysis in plastids of the fruit cells.

Characteristics and mechanism of enzyme secretion and increase in [ Ca^(2+)]_i in Saikosaponin.(I)stimulated rat pancreatic acinar cells

AIM: This investigation was to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of enzyme secretion and increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by saikosaponin(I) (SA(I)) in rat pancreatic acini. METHODS:Pancreatic acini were prepared from male Wistar rats. Isolated acinar cells were suspended in Eagle's MEM solution. After adding drugs, the incubation was performed at 37 degrees for a set period of time. Amylase of supernatant was assayed using starch-iodide reaction. Isolated acinar single cell was incubated with Fura-2/AM at 37 degrees, then cells were washed and resuspended in fresh solution and attached to the chamber. Cytoplasm [Ca2+]i of a single cell was expressed by fluorescence ratio F340/F380 recorded in a Nikon PI Ca2+ measurement system. RESULTS: Rate course of amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) in rat pancreatic acini appeared in bell-like shape. The peak amplitude increased depended on SA(I) concentration. The maximum rate responded to 1 x 10(-5)mol/L SA(I) was 13.1-fold of basal and the rate decreased to basal level at 30 min. CCK-8 receptor antagonist Bt(2)-cGMP markedly inhibited amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) and the dose-effect relationship was similar to that by CCK-8. [Ca2+]i in a single acinar cell rose to the peak at 5 min after adding 5 x 10(-6)mol/L SA(I) and was 5.1-fold of basal level. In addition, there was a secondary increase after the initial peak. GDP could inhibit both the rate of amylase secretion and rising of [Ca2+]i stimulated by SA(I) in a single pancreatic acinar cell. CONCLUSION: SA(I) is highly efficient in promoting the secretion of enzymes synthesized in rat pancreatic acini and raising intracellular [Ca2+]i. Signaling transduction pathway of SA(I) involves activating special membrane receptor and increase in cytoplasm [Ca2+]i sequentially.

ERCP and CT diagnosis of pancreas divisum and its relation to etiology of chronic pancreatitis

AIM To inquire into the ERCP and CT features of pancreas divisum (PD) and its role in the etiology of chronic pancreatitis. METHODS Fourteen patients with PD were analyzed in regard to the findings in ERCP and CT, the activities of serum amylase and the incidence of pancreatitis. Dorsal ductography via minor papilla cannulation was performed in six of them. RESULTS The length of dorsal and ventral pancreatic duct was 16 56cm±2 52cm and 5 55cm±1 46cm. Most of the patients had dilatation of dorsal (10/14) and ventral (8/14) duct and the stenosis of dorsal duct terminal (10/14). Delayed clearance of contrast in dorsal duct was found in 8 patients. The size and contour of the pancreas were normal in all the patients at conventional CT. Pancreatitis was identified in 13 patients. CONCLUSION Dorsal ductography was necessary in the diagnosis of PD. Conventional CT play little role in the diagnosis of PD. Patients with PD run a higher risk of pancreatitis due to the stenosis of the minor papilla.

Preventing pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy: An invagination method

Following an increase in the use of the GIA stapler for treating a pancreatic stump, more techniques to prevent postoperative pancreatic juice leakage have been required. We describe one successful case using our new technique of invaginating the cut end of the pancreas into the stomach to prevent a pancrea-tic fistula(PF) from occurring. A 50-year-old woman with pancreatic cancer in the tail of the pancreas underwent distal pancreatectomy, causing a grade A PF. We resected the distal pancreas without additional reinforcement to invaginate the stump into the gastric posterior wall with single layer anastomosis using a 3-0 absorbable suture. The drain tubes were removed on the third postoperative day. Although a grade A PF was noted, the patient was discharged on foot on the eleventh postoperative day. Our technique may be a suitable method for patients with a pancreatic body and tail tumor.

Study on Characters of Major Hydrolase Isozymes in Wheat Seeds

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the characters of major hydrolase isozymes in wheat seeds. MethodThe spectra of amylase, esterase and proteolytic enzyme isozymes in the germ, endosperm and radicle were studied in detail during the germination process using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（PAGE）. ResultThe results indicated that isozymes of amylase and esterase changed obviously in the endosperm during the germination, while isozymes of proteolytic enzyme exhibited distinct variation in the germ and radicle. ConclusionThis study provides basic data for effeciently improving the germination rate of crop seeds in the future.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND AMYLASE ACTIVITY OF CHINESE CABBAGE SEED DURING DRYING PROCESS

A seed is the carrier of life,and research on the heat and mass transfer of a seed has already stridden toward the level of microcosm,such as cell protoplasm,cell organism,and molecular membrane.By means of a transmission electron microscope,the authors of this paper observed the microstructure of cotyledon tissue slices of the Chinese cabbage seed with a moisture content of 13% (on dry basis) and that with a moisture content of 4.3% (on dry basis) for drying 2 h at 45 ℃.The compared result was that only wrinkles had been discovered on the cell walls of the seed dried for 2 h,without any significant change for other organelles.Study on the enzyme activity shows that after a germination for 48 h,the relative activity of α amylase of the Chinese cabbage seed dried for 2 h at 45 ℃,decreased by 5.8%,whereas that of the seed dried 2 h at a temperature of 67 ℃ decreased by 30.1%.This work shows that the drying factors have greatly influence on the seed microstructure,enzyme activity,which is directly positive to seed viability.Combined with the analysis of the critical safe drying temperature of the vegetable seed,it can be concluded that enzyme activity is also the function of the drying temperature,the moisture content and the drying time.

Effects of Used Battery on Key Enzyme Activity during the Germination of Wheat Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of used battery lixivium on wheat germination. [Method] The wheat seeds were treated with used battery lix- ivium at different concentrations to detect the change of activities of amylase, pro- tease, pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） during the ger- mination period. [Result] The results showed that the used battery affected enzyme activity. With the increase of concentration of used battery lixivium, trends of the changes of amylase and protease activities were not different. The activities were en- hanced at low concentrations of lixivium, while were inhibited at high concentrations. The tends of changes of pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activities were not consistent with that of either amylase or protease, which showed continuous downward trends with the increasing concentration of used battery lixivium. [Conclusion] This study is of great practical significance for understanding the effects of used battery lixivium on the germination of wheat seeds.

Effects of Mercury Stress on Wheat Growth,POD and Amylase Activity

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of mercury stress on seed germination and seedlings growth.[Method]using Zhengzhou 9023 as the experimental material and cultured in water,to study the effect of the germinating rate,seedling height,root length,seedling＇s fresh weight,the activities of peroxidase（POD）and amylase in leaf,root and germinating embryo at different concentrations of Hg2＋（0.025,0.050,0.100,0.200,0.300,0.400,0.500 mmol/L）.[Result]Low concentrations of Hg2＋（≤ 0.10 mmol/L）have little effect on seed germination,seedling height,root length and fresh weight;high concentrations of Hg2＋（ 0.10 mmol/L）have significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth.Low concentration of Hg2＋（≥ 0.025 mmol/L）could increase POD activity and inhibit the amylase activity significantly,and the effects have increased with the increasing of Hg2＋ concentrations.[Conclusion]Hg2＋ stress could change the activities of POD and amylase in leaf,root and germinating embryo,influence the energy and substrate supply which was required for normal metabolism of lipid oxidation,and inhibit seedling growth ultimately.

家蚕幼虫血液淀粉酶(Amylase)研究

家蚕的淀粉酶广泛分布在蚕的血液、消化液、消化管及卵巢中。幼虫血液和消化液淀粉酶的活性,依品种而有显著差异,且其遗传受在同一染色体上极接近的不同位置的基因所控制（松本,1933,1934）。家蚕幼虫血液淀粉酶活性的成分组成,伴随着幼虫发育而变动（河口,1982）。著者就不同家蚕品种的原种及其杂交F1的幼虫血液淀粉酶的差异进行了调查,现将结果报告如下。

β-Amylase Is Predominantly Localized to Plastids in the Developing Tuberous Root of Sweet Potato

Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.

Experimental study of therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control group, Baicalin treatment group, octreotide treatment group and sham operation group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 h, 6 h and 12 h groups with 15 rats in each group. The survival, ascites volume and pathological changes of pancreas in all rats were observed at different time points after operation. The plasma amylase content and serum TNF-α, IL-6, malonaldehyde （MDA） and PLA2 contents were also determined. RESULTS： The survival was not obviously different between the treated groups, and was significantly higher in treated groups at 12 h compared to the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 15 vs 10）. The ascites/body weight ratio at 3 h and 6 h was significantly lower in Baicalin treatment group compared to the model control group and octreotide treatment group （P 〈 0.05, 1.00 vs 2.02 and 1.43 and P 〈 0.001, 2.29 （1.21） vs 2.70 （0.80） and 2.08 （2.21）, respectively）. The contents of amylase, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and PLA2 were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 4342 vs 5303, 5058 vs 6272 in amylase, P 〈 0.01, 21.90 vs 36.30, 23.80 vs 39.70, 36 vs 54.35 in MDA and 56.25 vs 76.10 in PIA2, or P 〈 0.001, 65.10 and 47.60 vs 92.15 in TNF-α, 3.03 vs 5.44, 2.88 vs 6.82, 2.83 vs 5.36 in IL-6, respectively）. The pathological scores of pancreas in the treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 9.00 vs 10.05, 6.00 vs 9.00, 8.00 vs 10.05）, but no marked difference was found between the treated groups. CONCLUSION： The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. The Baicalin injection is also cheap and has a big application range, quite hopefully to be used in clinical treatment of SAP.

Chylous ascites secondary to hyperlipidemic pancreatitis with normal serum amylase and lipase

A 54-year old man with a family history of hyperlipidemia was admitted with a 12 h history of severe generalized abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. Examination of the abdomen revealed tenderness in the periumblical area with shifting dullness. Serum pancreatic amylase was 29 IU/L and lipase 44 IU/L, triglyceride 36.28 mmol/L. Ultrasound showed ascites. CT of the abdomen with contrast showed inflammatory changes surrounding the pancreas consistent with acute pancreatitis. Ultrasound (US) guided abdomen paracentesis yielded a milky fluid with high triglyceride content consistent with chylous ascites. The patient was kept fasting and intravenous fluid hydration was provided. Meperidine was administered for pain relief. On the following days the patient’s condition improved and he was gradually restarted on a low-fat diet, and fat lowering agent (gemfibrozil) was begun, 600 mg twice a day. On d 14, abdomen US was repeated and showed fluid free peritoneal cavity. The patient was discharged after 18 d of hospitalization with 600 mg gemfibrozil twice a day. At the time of discharge, the fasting triglyceride was 4.2 mmol/L. After four weeks the patient was seen in the clinic, he was well.