Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers

AIM： To substantiate the claims of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect of a popular spice anise, ＂Pimpinella anisum L.＂ on experimentally-induced gastric ulceration and secretion in rats. METHODS： Acute gastric ulceration in rats was produced by various noxious chemicals including 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCI and indomethacin. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken using pylorusligated Shay rat technique. Levels of gastric non-protein sulfhydryls （NP-SH） and wall mucus were estimated and gastric tissue was also examined histologically. Anise aqueous suspension was used in two doses （250 and 500 mg/kg body weight） in all experiments. RESULTS： Anise significantly inhibited gastric mu- cosal damage induced by necrotizing agents and indomethacin. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histologically. In pylorus-ligated Shay rats, anise suspension significantly reduced the basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration. On the other hand, the suspension significantly replenished ethanol-induced depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration. CONCLUSION： Anise aqueous suspension possesses significant cytoprotective and anti-ulcer activities against experimentallynduced gastric lesions. The anti-ulcer effect of anise is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/orthrough its anti-secretory and antioxidative properties.

Composition of Trans-anethol and Other Aromatic Volatiles in Anisated Alcoholic Beverages by Head-Space GC-MS Chromatography

Aniseed distillates, like ouzo in Greece, raki in Turkey, pastis in France, and arak in Syria, are very popular in Mediterranean countries. This flavoured alcoholic beverage is produced by extraction and distillation of fermented grape pomaces with herbal seeds from aromatic plants like Pimpinella anisum L., Foeniculum vulgate, Illicium verum and other plants which are also characterized by the presence of congeners which arise during fermentation process. Trans-anethol and its isomer cis-anethol are the main volatiles and are responsible for aroma properties of these traditional aniseed distillates. The aim of this research work was to find the concentration of special aromatic agent, trans-anethol and cis-anethol and also the major aromatic substances which are responsible for the aromatic quality. The majority of their identified components are isolated by extraction and distillation from different commercial brands and homemade samples. The constituents were identified by GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectometry） in this traditional spirit. The major constituents in distilled ouzo extract were also trans-anethol.

Screening and Identification of Strains Converting Trans-anethole to Anisic Acid

[Objectives] This study was conducted to isolate and screen the bacteria that can convert trans-anethole to anisic acid from star anise and its environmental samples, and identify the bacteria. [Methods] According to the traditional microbial culture method, with trans-anethole as the sole carbon source, through enrichment culture and separation and purification, preliminary screening by thin layer chromatography and re-screening by high-performance liquid chromatography, strains that degraded trans-anethole to produce anisic acid were obtained, and 16 S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction were performed for genetic analysis. [Results] Eleven strains that degraded trans-anethole to produce anisic acid were obtained, among which strain NT2 that produced anisic acid with a relatively high efficiency was initially identified as Pseudomonas sp. The strain’s trans-anethole degradation rate was 45.41%, and the molar production rate and cumulative concentration of anisic acid were 21.80% and 1.96 g/L, respectively. [Conclusions] Strain NT2 has a strong ability to degrade trans-anethole to produce anisic acid, and can enrich strain resources for degradation of trans-anethole to anisic acid through microbial conversion.

The Effect of the Supplemental Different Levels of Anise Seeds （Pimpinella anisum） in Diet on Broiler Performance

This experiment was conducted at the poultry farm, poultry research station, state board of agriculture research, ministry of agriculture to study the effect of supplemental anise seed on broiler diets. A total of 640 of one-day old unsexed broiler chicks （Cobb） were used in this study. They were randomly distributed to four treatments. Anise seeds were supplemented at the levels of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% compared with the control group for 49 days. The results showed： there was a significant （P 〈 0.05） increase in the rate of body weight for the two treatments 0.6% and 0.4% of the anise seeds compared with 0.2% and control treatments, body weight gain take the same direction, like in body weight, the highest treatment was 0.6% followed by treatment 0.4% as well as the feed consumption has increased in these treatments than in 0.2% and control treatments, so about feed conversion ratio the treatment 0.6% of the anise seeds recorded the best feed conversion ratio compared with other treatments. Significant decreased in mortality and significant increased in production index by increasing the level of anise seeds in feed. Dressing percentage increased significantly for all treatments using anise seeds and treatment 0.6% recorded highest dressing percentage, from the other hand percentage of abdominal fat decreased significantly by increasing anise seed levels and no significant difference in the percentages of liver, gizzard and heart were recorded in this study. About carcass cuts, the weights of primary cuts （thigh, drum stick, breast） relative to body weight recorded significant increase in the treatments using anise seeds at the expense of secondary cuts （neck, wings, back）. There was a significant decline （P 〈 0.05） for total bacterial （E. coli and Staphylococci） in small intestine in all level of anise seeds （0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%） in ration while the decline of two types of bacteria in colon recorded in 0.4% and 0.6% treatments compared with 0.2~/0 and control treatments. Conclude from this study the possibility of using anise seeds at all levels used in the experiment and the best level that can be used to get the best performance of the positive results of broiler chickens is 0.6%.

重庆市巴南区成年居民药食同源物质消费状况及认知情况调查

目的:分析重庆市巴南区成年居民药食同源物质的消费情况、认知情况及人口特征影响因素,为科学开展药食同源物质安全性评估、标准制定提供基础数据。方法:于2023年8—10月在巴南区花溪街道和南泉街道,筛选出食用药食同源物质的成年调查对象382人,由培训合格的调查员开展面对面纸质问卷调查。分析32种药食同源物质的消费状况,采用卡方检验、秩和检验分析人口特征因素对居民药食同源物质认知的影响。结果:382名调查对象中,食用八角茴香的人数最多,食用乌梢蛇的人数最少。58.6%的居民最关注食品安全、饮食卫生问题。近50%的居民选择营养价值及保健功能为食用目的。不同地区、性别、年龄、教育程度、职业和家庭人均年收入对药食同源物质最重要属性的认知差异有统计学意义。城市居民比乡镇居民、中青年比老年居民、女性比男性居民、大专及以上学历居民比初中及以下学历居民对药食同源物质的养生保健功效认可度更高。结论:巴南区居民普遍食用八角茴香,最关注食品安全与饮食卫生,不同特征人群对药食同源物质的养生保健功效认可程度有差异。部分居民对药食同源物质的属性认知较欠缺,提示多部门应采用科学的健康教育形式多层次普及药食同源物质知识,并加强市场监管保障健康。

HPLC法测定广西不同产地八角茴香中4种有机酸的含量

[目的]建立八角茴香中莽草酸、原儿茶酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对甲氧基苯甲酸的含量测定方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法对八角茴香进行测定,色谱柱为Kromasil 100-5-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-3%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 ml/min,进样量为10μl,检测波长为254 nm,柱温为40℃。[结果]广西11个不同产地的八角茴香中莽草酸含量为6.34%~7.41%,原儿茶酸含量为0.28%~0.98%,对羟基苯甲酸含量为0.73%~1.90%,对甲氧基苯甲酸含量为0.07%~0.23%。[结论]本研究建立的方法操作简单,稳定性强,重复性好,可用于八角茴香中有效成分的含量测定。

分段式微波热风干燥对八角品质及微生物安全的影响

为了促进八角高品质及高效率加工,以陆川县八角为原料,采用连续微波联合热风干燥的方式对八角进行干燥,加工参数设置为微波功率0.7 W/g、0.9 W/g、1.2 W/g,联合热风温度为50℃、60℃、70℃,研究不同参数条件下对所得八角茴香粉理化性质的影响。结果表明,随着微波功率和热风温度的增大,八角的干基水分含率降低速度先快后慢,八角茴香油含量先增大后减小,最高可达18.6%,色泽逐渐加深,微观结构也有差异,加热功率和温度越高,颗粒越细碎。八角微生物评价为安全;感官评分最高分值22.4(满分30分),最佳参数为0.9 W/g、温度60℃。与自然晒干和杀青晒干等传统方法相比,连续微波干燥联合热风干燥对八角品质和效率更占优势,对市场上八角的干燥加工具有实际意义。

广西八角产业发展综述

广西是我国八角的主产区,种植面积和产量均占全球的85%以上,在全国乃至世界上都具有绝对控量优势。我国出口的干八角和八角茴油是国际市场的紧俏商品,茴油价格呈上升趋势。而广西八角因产量低、质量差、深加工不够、产业链短、政策扶持不足等原因发展动力欠缺,经济效益差。近年来,广西党委政府重视八角产业发展,取得了一定成效,但由于产量和质量得不到保证、深加工力度和深度不够、精深加工不够、产品知名度低、市场营销不足、政策扶持力度不足和产业发展动力欠缺等原因,产业发展动力不足。八角产量提升空间大,产业发展前景广阔,应针对产业短板,从低产林改造、市场体系建设、培育龙头企业、整合各方资源、开展前瞻性研究等方面进行攻关,推动广西八角产业实现高质量发展。

Clinically significant changes in anal sphincter hiatal area in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and pelvic organ prolapse

BACKGROUND The prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse(POP)increases with age and parity.Specifically,the prevalence of POP among women aged 20 to 39 is 9.7%,while it rises to 49%among women over 80 years old.Additionally,as the number of deliveries increases,the prevalence of POP also rises accordingly,with a rate of 12.8%for women with one delivery history,18.7%for those with two deliveries,and 24.6%for women with three or more deliveries.It causes immense suffering for pregnant women.AIM To evaluate the relationship between the levator ani muscle’s hiatus(LH)area and POP in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)using perineal ultrasound.METHODS The study cohort comprised 104 patients aged 29.8±3.7 years who sought medical care at our institution between January 2021 and June 2023.All were singleton pregnancies consisting of 75 primiparas and 29 multiparas,with an average parity of 1.7±0.5.According to the POP diagnostic criteria,the 104 subjects were divided into two groups with 52 members each:POP group(patients with GDM combined with POP)and non-POP group(patients with GDM without POP).Perineal ultrasound was used to measure differences in the anteroposterior diameter,transverse diameter,and LH area.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to determine the optimal cutoff values for the LH anteroposterior diameter,transverse diameter,and area for diagnosing POP.RESULTS Statistically significant increase in the LH area,anteroposterior diameter,and lateral diameter were observed in the POP group compared with the non-POP group(P<0.05).Both groups exhibited markedly elevated incidence rates of macrosomia and stress urinary incontinence.For the POP group,the area under the curve(AUC)for the LH area was 0.906 with a 95%confidence interval(CI):0.824-0.988.The optimal cutoff was 13.54cm²,demonstrating a sensitivity of 83.2%and a specificity of 64.4%.The AUC for the anteroposterior diameter reached 0.836 with a 95%CI:0.729-0.943.The optimal cutoff was 5.53 cm with a sensitivity of 64.2%and a specificity of 73.4%.For the lateral diameter,its AUC was 0.568 with a 95%CI:0.407-0.729.The optimal cutoff was 4.67 cm,displaying a sensitivity of 65.9%and a specificity of 69.3%.Logistic regression analysis unveiled that age,body weight,number of childbirths,total number of pregnancies,and gestational weight gain constituted the independent risk factors for the cooccurrence of GDM and POP.CONCLUSION Three-dimensional perineal ultrasonography of LH size and shape changes can effectively diagnose POP.Age,weight,number of births,number of pregnancies,and weight gain during pregnancy are independent risk factors affecting the cooccurrence of GDM and POP.GDM can increase the LH area in patients,and an enlarged LH leads to an increased incidence of POP.

大茴香油存放期间香气成分鉴定及稳定性研究

目的探究大茴香油在不同存放时间内香气成分的变化规律。方法采用称重法、嗅辩法结合气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对不同存放时间内(原样、30、60、90 d)大茴香油的香气成分进行定性定量检测,通过相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)确定不同存放时间内大茴香油中特征香气成分,利用主成分分析探究不同存放时间内大茴香油中影响香气的特征物质。结果利用GC-MS从大茴香油中鉴定出43种物质,主要成分为茴香脑、对烯丙基茴香醚、大茴香醛、茴香苷、芳樟醇。大茴香油在前2 d挥发速度较快,之后保持稳定的挥发速度进行缓慢挥发,在90 d内挥发的成分占原重量的66%。大茴香油香味在30 d后花香、果香、甜香明显减弱,在60 d时清香明显减弱,在90 d时茴香、辛香为主要香气。根据香味物质的ROAV值绘制的热图分析发现芳樟醇、4-萜烯醇、α-松油醇、大茴香醛、茴香脑这些物质的稳定性比较好,并且始终对大茴香油香气起到贡献作用。主成分分析结果揭示了在不同存放时间内大茴香油中特征成分,原样中特征成分为桉叶油醇、α-蒎烯、月桂烯等物质,存放30d特征成分为4-甲氧基-α-(1-甲氧基乙基)苯甲醇、间甲氧基苯丙酮等,存放60 d特征成分为4-甲氧基肉桂醛,存放90 d中没有发现特征成分。结论在不同存放时间内大茴香油的香气成分存在一定差异。基于ROAV值和主成分分析方法能够为大茴香油香气稳定性提供评价方法,对未来大茴香油的产品深度开发和资源的利用提供一定理论参考。

广西八角及其产地土壤中9种重金属元素含量及其相关性分析

为研究八角及其产地土壤中重金属元素分布特征和相关性,在八角果实成熟期对广西6个主产区八角及其产地土壤中进行重金属元素含量的测定和相关性分析。结果表明,八角中重金属元素的含量大小为:Mn>Cu>Ni>Ba>Cr>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,其中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu含量均低于GB 2762—2022和《中国药典》限量要求;土壤中重金属元素的含量依次为:Ba>Mn>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>As>Hg>Cd。采用SPSS 26.0相关性分析,发现八角中As与土壤中Ni、Pb呈极显著负相关,八角中Cd与土壤中As、Ba、Ni、Cu、Cr、Pb存在极显著负相关,八角中Cr与土壤中Cd、Mn、Ni、Cu、Pb存在极显著负相关,Cd与土壤Mn存在显著负相关,Ba含量与土壤Hg含量存在显著负相关,Cr与土壤Mn、Cr存在显著负相关;Cd与土壤Cd存在极显著正相关,Mn与土壤Cu存在极显著正相关,Mn与相土壤Mn、Ba存在显著正相关,Ba与土壤Ba存在显著正相关,Pb与土壤Cd存在极显著正相关。

水杨酸及其复配体系的抑真菌性能

采用微生物挑战试验方法,以水杨酸为研究对象,考察单独使用水杨酸和复配对羟基苯乙酮、1,2-己二醇、p-茴香酸及覆盆子酮的抑真菌性能。结果表明:随着水杨酸质量分数的增加,pH的降低,其抑真菌能力增强。在水杨酸质量分数为0.5%,体系pH小于5.0时,复配质量分数0.3%~0.5%对羟基苯乙酮、0.05%~0.2%p-茴香酸、0.5%的覆盆子酮以及同时复配0.3%对羟基苯乙酮和0.3%1,2-己二醇时,均能提高抑真菌效果。水杨酸复配的研究结果可为化妆品防腐体系给出指导性建议。

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定八角中9种重金属元素

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测八角中Hg、As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn和Ba共9种重金属元素的含量。根据八角样品中各元素的含量确定其线性范围,各元素的标准系列质量浓度分别在0~3μg/L(Hg)、 0~10μg/L(As、 Cd、 Pb)、 0~100μg/L(Cr)、 0~200μg/L(Ni、 Cu、 Ba)、 0~5000μg/L(Mn)之间;线性方程的相关系数R^(2)均大于0.9994;各元素的检出限在0.004~0.095 mg/kg之间;选用的标准物质花粉GBW10026(GSB-17)测定各元素的结果值均在标准值范围内。该方法可快速、灵敏、准确地测定八角中的多种重金属元素。

Determination and pharmacokinetic study of p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate following intravenous and oral administration in rats by RP-HPLC method

In the present study,we developed a rapid and specific reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic(RP-HPLC)method for the quantification of p-hydroxyphenethyl anisate(HPA),one of the main bioactive constituents of the roots and rhizomes of Notopterygium incisum and N.franchetii,in rat plasma after an intravenous(20 mg/kg,i.v.)and an intragastrical(200 mg/kg,i.g.)administration to rats,respectively.The method involved a plasma clear-up step using liquid-liquid extraction by EtOAc,followed by RP-HPLC separation and detection.Separation of HPA was performed on an analytical DiamonsilTM ODS C18 column with the mobile phase of MeOH-H2 O at ratios of 75:25(v/v)for i.v.and 70:30(v/v)for i.g.administration.The flow-rate was 1.0 mL/min,and UV detection was performed at 256 nm.The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 0.05-5.0μg/mL(r2=0.9984)for i.v.and 0.5-10.0μg/mL(r2=0.9995)for i.g.administration in rat plasma.The extraction recoveries were in the range of82.01%-87.97%.The intra-and inter-day precisions were between 1.71%and 3.99%,with accuracies ranging from 91.22%to110.5%.The absolute bioavailability of an orally administered HPA in rats was about 48.17%.The developed method was suitable for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of HPA in rat plasma.

Long range physical map of the Wilms' tumor-aniridia region on human chromosome 11

The relationship between genetic alterations at chromosomal band 11p13 and the WAGR(Wilms'tumor,aniridia,genitourinary anomalies,and mental retardation)syndrome is not clearly understood.To aid our understanding of this relationship,we have constructed a physical map of this region of the genome using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.Fifteen newly identified 11p13-specific probes and four previously reported probes were used to subdivide 11p13 into five intervals defined by overlapping constitutional deletions from several WAGR patients.This new repertoire of DNA probes was used to construct a physical map of this region using the infrequently cutting restriction enzymes MIuI and NotI.This map spans approximately 13 Mb and encompasses deletion and translocation breakpoints associated with genitourinary abnormalities,aniridia,and Wilms'tumor.The map also makes it possible to localize the genes for Wilms'tumor(WT)and aniridia(AN2)to a small number of specific NotI restriction fragments.

关于云南富宁县八角产业发展的建议

八角是我国特色天然植物资源,作为我国十大热作产业之一,种植面积居我国热作种植面积第四位。世界上85%以上的八角产自我国广西和云南。云南富宁县作为八角资源的集中分布区,目前八角已获得广泛利用,具有巨大的发展潜力和开发利用空间。基于此,本文论述富宁八角特色产业背景,分析存在的主要问题,提出发展建议与对策,以期为富宁八角产业提供决策依据。

八角植物粉体在造纸法再造烟叶中的应用研究

为探讨八角植物粉体在造纸法再造烟叶产品中的应用效果,研究采用超微粉体加工工艺技术,制备出八角植物粉体,并将粉体直接添加应用于再造烟叶产品中。通过对产品造碎率、内在感官质量、化学和致香成分的评测分析,研究论证八角植物粉体对造纸法再造烟叶产品品质性能的影响。结果表明:八角植物粉体目数越高,应用于造纸法再造烟叶中的造碎率越低,八角粉体中特有的辛香、辛甜等香气成分能有效改善再造烟叶的抽吸品质,并具有降低刺激、改善口感和调节烟气状态的作用;八角植物粉体添加过多或过少均不利于产品内在感官品质表现,添加比例为5%、目数600目时,添加后的再造烟叶产品复合辛香香气特征表现较好;此研究为八角植物粉体在造纸法再造烟叶中的应用研究作了进一步扩展,对赋予造纸法再造烟叶复合辛香香吃味特征的应用研究提供了理论依据。

八角茴香油在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

[目的]为了使八角茴香油在畜禽生产中得到更广泛的应用。[方法]对相关文献进行归纳总结。[结果]八角茴香油含多种化学成分,其在体外具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗病毒、杀虫的生物学功能,作为饲料添加剂可提高畜禽的生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫力和促进肠道发育及改善肠道菌群结构。[结论]八角茴香油在替代抗生素类饲料添加剂方面有极大的开发潜力,未来仍需开展大量研究来确定饲粮中添加八角茴香油后畜禽的分子响应机制,明确八角茴香油在不同动物种类、品种、生长阶段的有效剂量,为其作为饲料添加剂提供可靠的依据。

中子单粒子效应数据获取系统设计与实现

单粒子效应是一种威胁航天器安全的空间环境效应,为了航天事业的发展,对该效应进行模拟实验尤为重要,中国散裂中子源(CSNS)建设的大气中子辐照谱仪(ANIS)为该实验提供了先进的中子单粒子效应测试与科研平台。基于Qt开发了中子单粒子效应测试系统的数据获取系统软件,应用于ANIS谱仪,通过该软件能够实现对测试系统的配置和监测、数据存储和显示等。通过在实验室和ANIS谱仪的实验结果表明,该数据获取系统软件稳定可靠,可以满足ANIS谱仪单粒子效应测试需求。

Uncertainty, the Only Certainty for Afghanistan

Afghanistan is the battlefield where the U.S.army fought the longest overseas.Since U.S.President Joe Biden took office in January,the war’s future course has come in the spotlight.According to an agreement signed between the Donald Trump administration and the Taliban in late February 2020,the U.S.