Model predictive control of three-level active front-end converter with low switching frequency

In medium voltage-high power(MV-HP)applications,the high switching frequency of power converter will result in unnecessary energy losses,which directly affect efficiency.To resolve this issue,a novel finite control set-model predictive control(FCS-MPC)with low switching frequency for three-level neutral point clamped-active front-end converters(NPC-AFEs)is proposed.With this approach,the prediction model of three-level NPC-AFEs is established inα-βreference frame,and the control objective of low average switching frequency is introduced into a cost function.The proposed method not only achieves the desired control performance under low switching frequency,but also performs the efficient operation for the three-level NPC-AFEs.The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme.

Comprehensive predictive control of neutral-point voltage balancing for back-to-back three-level NPC converters

A comprehensive predictive strategy was proposed for the neutral-point balancing control of back-to-back three-level converters. The phase currents at both sides and the DC-link capacitor voltages were measured for the prediction of the neutral-point current. A quality function was found to balance the neutral-point, and a metabolic on-times distribution factor was used as a predicator to minimize the quality function at each switching state. Simulation results show that the proposed method produces smaller ripples in tested signals compared with the established one, namely, 9.15% less in a total harmonic distortion(THD) of line-to-line voltage, 1.08% less in the THD of phase current, and 0.9 V less in the ripple of the neutral-point voltage. The obtained experimental results show that the main harmonics of the line-to-line voltage and the phase current in the proposed method are improved by 10 d B and 6 d B, respectively, and the ripple of neutral-point voltage is halved compared to the established one.

高速磁浮背靠背三电平ANPC变流器中点电压偏移机理与协同控制策略

高速磁浮交通牵引变流器采用24 MVA背靠背三电平有源中点钳位拓扑,其中两台整流器和两台逆变器共用直流母线。该文分析整流侧和逆变侧在不同功率因数下中点电压(neutral point voltage,NPV)偏移机理及不同电压矢量对NPV的具体影响。据此,针对高速磁浮逆变器并联和串联两种模式,建立NPV偏移模型,得到在调制比和功率因数同时变化时NPV的可控区域。为在全速范围保证NPV平衡,提出一种基于平移调制波的协同控制策略。为减轻整流器功率因数和调制比对NPV的影响,采用一种具有相电压半波对称性的载波脉宽调制,并证明其具备NPV自平衡能力。仿真和硬件在环实验表明,所提策略具有NPV恢复到平衡状态所需时间短、可控范围大等优点,可在高速磁浮全速工况下保证NPV平衡。

ANPC三电平换流器高效电磁暂态建模仿真方法

在ANPC(有源中性点钳位型)三电平换流器小步长实时仿真研究中,现有电磁暂态建模方法在模型精度、计算效率、仿真规模等方面存在不足,为此,提出一种高效电磁暂态仿真模型。该模型基于ANPC三电平桥臂的离散化伴随电路,通过WARD等值理论消去内部节点,构造一个对外等效的多端口诺顿等效电路,替代桥臂进行网络的电磁暂态仿真求解,在不损失建模精度的前提下实现节点降维和仿真提速。在MATLAB/Simulink平台中搭建基于该等效模型的ANPC三电平换流器仿真系统,并与详细模型仿真结果进行对比,结果表明该等效模型能精确仿真稳态和暂态运行工况,并且具有较明显的速度提升。

五电平ANPC变换器多目标优化调制技术研究

针对五电平有源钳位型变换器现有的调制策略存在SPWM直流侧电压利用率低,中点电压控制的计算复杂,SVPWM数字化实现难度大等问题,研究了一种操作简单,满足电压利用率高、中点电位平衡、悬浮电容电压稳定、共模电压较小等多目标优化的五电平新型SPWM调制算法。首先通过研究SVPWM与SPWM的本质联系,将SVPWM等效至PD-SPWM,其次分析不影响中点电位平衡的共模电压抑制边界,重构五电平低幅值共模电压矢量空间,并采用注入零序电压自由选择开关序列、实时切换等效PD-SPWM种类等方法实现多目标优化。最后搭建了实验样机,应用仿真和实验等手段对多目标优化算法进行了验证,试验结果表明在保证中点电压平衡、悬浮电容电压稳定可控的同时,共模电压幅值减小约32.8%,表明了优化的有效性。

An Improved Modulation Strategy for Single-phase Three-level Neutral-point-clamped Converter in Critical Conduction Mode

Two-level totem-pole power factor correction(PFC)converters in critical conduction mode(CRM)suffer from the wide regulation range of switching frequency.Besides,in highfrequency applications,the number of switching times increases,resulting in significant switching losses.To solve these issues,this paper proposes an improved modulation strategy for the single-phase three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC)converter in CRM with PFC.By optimizing the discharging strategy and switching state sequence,the switching frequency and its variation range have been efficiently reduced.The detailed performance analysis is also presented regarding the switching frequency,the average switching times,and the effect of voltage gain.A 2 k W prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy and analysis results.Compared with the totem-pole PFC converter,the switching frequency regulation range of the three-level PFC converter is reduced by 36.48%and the average switching times is reduced by 45.10%.The experimental result also shows a 1.2%higher efficiency for the three-level PFC converter in the full load range.

三电平ANPC变流器损耗平衡的SVPWM策略

针对三电平有源中点钳位(active neutral point clamped ,ANPC)变流器开关器件在工作中存在损耗不平衡的问题,给出一种改进的平衡策略。以a相为例,对三电平ANPC变流器损耗不平衡的原因进行分析,采用空间矢量脉冲宽度调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)策略,通过合理选择相同的过渡状态,从而减少开关管动作实现损耗平衡。相比传统SVPWM策略,该方法使桥臂开关器件的不平衡度从23.12%降到6.37%,钳位开关器件的不平衡度从11.19%降到4.71%。此方法可应用于提升电机变频调速、高压输电等场所下变流器的容量和使用寿命。

一种混合型ANPC三电平变换器拓扑和调制策略研究

三电平变换器在中高压大功率应用场合的广泛应用对变换器功率密度和效率提出了更高要求。为了使变换器在大功率高速传动领域稳定可靠工作,在有源中点钳位(ANPC)三电平变换器拓扑基础上,深入研究了一种由SiC和Si器件构成的混合型ANPC三电平拓扑。首先,详细分析了混合型ANPC拓扑的工作模态,深入研究了SiC器件在高频状态工作,Si器件在工频状态工作的调制策略;继而分析了在相应调制策略下拓扑的换流过程;最后,分别在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上构建混合型ANPC三电平拓扑仿真模型,在高压大功率条件下验证方案的可行性和调制策略的有效性。

一种考虑中点平衡的ANPC变换器的混合断续脉冲宽度调制策略

对于ANPC(active neutral-point-clamped)变换器,采用断续脉冲宽度调制DPWM(discontinuous pulse width modulation)具有开关损耗小的优点,但也存在中点电位波动较大的问题,为此提出了一种基于切换钳位的混合断续脉冲宽度调制Hybrid DPWM策略,实现DPWM策略下ANPC变换器的中点电位平衡。在单位功率因数下,该方法根据中点电位的高低采用不同钳位方式,并对不同钳位方式下的开关序列进行优化,减小开关次数;在非单位功率因数、高调制比下,该方法根据电荷守恒计算大矢量、中矢量和小矢量作用时间,通过中矢量、小矢量和大矢量的合理分配实现中点电位平衡。同时,2种中点平衡方式在全范围内具有互补性,使开关管在每个开关周期内动作4~6次。最后,对多种调制策略的动稳态性能和中点电位平衡能力等进行了实验对比,验证了所提混合断续脉冲宽度调制策略的有效性。

基于ZVS变频控制的Si/SiC混合ANPC逆变器损耗评估

零电压开通变频控制(variable frequency controlled zero-voltage-switching,VF-ZVS)可在无辅助电路条件下实现零电压开通(zero-voltage-switching,ZVS),进一步提升碳化硅MOSFET逆变器的功率密度。但在三相有源中点钳位逆变器(active-neural-point-converter,ANPC)中,全功率器件ZVS会大幅增加输出电感电流纹波,改变ANPC逆变器的电流续流路径,影响SiC器件损耗分布特征。论文建立电流纹波关于矢量作用时间的分段数学表达式,提出计及电流纹波的SiC器件损耗建模方法,表征VF-ZVS控制下电流纹波对开关管损耗特性的影响规律。进一步,分析VF-ZVS控制下2SiC、4SiC I和4SiC II 3种典型混合ANPC拓扑的新增工作模态特性;利用所提出的损耗模型,评估在不同调制度、全功率等级下上述3种混合拓扑的开关损耗、通态损耗和损耗分布均衡度,并通过6kW SiC实验平台,在不同功率等级下实验验证了SiC器件损耗模型和3种混合拓扑损耗评估结果的正确性。

High Power Density Three-Level Three-Phase AC-DC 48 V Power Supply

International standards impose several constraints concerning the electric power quality and require that the harmonic content of the line current of grid connected equipment is below assigned limits; for this reason, operating of AC-DC converters with high power factor and low line current distortion has become essential. In this paper, the prototypal realization of a three-phase AC-DC 48 V power electronic converter for telecom system supplying is described and experimental testing results are discussed. The main constraints in the power supply design are the required power density of about 900 W per dm3 as well as the absence of the neutral wire in the supply grid. The carried out investigation is focused on three-level power converter configurations which are considered in order to reduce voltage rating of power switches. As a result of the reduced voltage, low on-resistance metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors can be used in the power stage, solution which allows to achieve improved efficiency as well as increased switching frequency with respect to the insulated gate bipolar transistors based two-level topologies.

一种三相双输出有源中点钳位型三电平变换器

该文基于有源中点钳位型三电平变换器(ANPC-TLC)结构,通过每相增加两个开关管形成一种具有两组三相交流电压输出端口的双输出有源中点钳位型三电平变换器(DOANPC-TLC)拓扑。该文详细介绍DO-ANPC-TLC的拓扑结构,对其工作原理进行分析,研究其不同开关状态下的电流路径、输出相电压电平和各开关的电压应力。针对DO-ANPC-TLC结构特点及工作原理,应用一种双输出虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制(DO-VSVPWM)方法,能够独立控制两组交流输出,并保持直流链路电容电压平衡。为了进一步简化控制过程,研究一种基于载波的简化双输出虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制(CB-VSVPWM)策略,在器件损耗和总谐波畸变率(THD)方面,对所提出DO-ANPC-TLC的性能进行分析。实验结果验证了所提拓扑的可行性和调制策略的有效性。

Vector Control Strategy of a T-type Three-level Converter Driving a Switched Reluctance Motor

A novel 12 voltage vector control strategy for switched reluctance motors(SRM)with a T-type three-level converter is proposed in this study.Based on a causal analysis of torque ripple under the control of conventional six voltage vectors,six new voltage vectors are added for further reduction of torque ripple.An optimized control rule is adopted based on the division method of the 12 new voltage vectors.A zero-voltage vector is used to adjust the duration of the 12 voltage vectors,the time of which is varied at different parts of the vector sectors according to the torque error.In addition,the windings are connected in a delta configuration,therefore,the number of connections between the converter and SRM is reduced.Finally,the results of MATLAB/Simulink and RT-LAB are presented to verify the validity of the proposed scheme.

五电平有源中点钳位型逆变器母线中点电压平衡问题

五电平有源中点钳位型拓扑是一种能够克服传统的二极管钳位型和电容钳位型拓扑缺点的多电平变换器。针对五电平有源中点钳位型逆变器的母线中点电压平衡问题展开研究,建立母线中点电压的波动模型,通过计算母线中点电流在一个基波周期内的平均值,证明了母线中点电压在理想和稳态下可自平衡。提出一种基于零序电压注入的中点电压平衡控制方法,通过计算所有关键零序电压对应的中点电流,并从中选择最优的关键零序电压来产生所需的目标中点电流,从而使母线中点电压波动最小。实验结果证明了该控制方法的有效性。

有源钳位三电平变频器改进SVPWM策略

中点钳位(NPC)三电平变频器存在功率器件损耗不平衡问题,部分器件发热严重,限制了变频器容量和开关频率的提升,有源中点钳位(ANPC)三电平变频器通过不同的零电压输出状态可以平衡功率器件的损耗。通过选取不同的冗余零状态,提出一种适用于ANPC三电平变频器、可以平衡功率器件损耗的改进空间矢量调制(SVPWM)算法。对所提SVPWM算法和传统正弦矢量脉宽调制(SPWM)算法进行仿真对比,分析功率器件损耗分布情况,结果表明所提方法可以平衡功率器件的损耗,提高变频器的容量和开关频率。另外,和SPWM算法相比,采用SVPWM算法输出电压可以提高15%,电流谐波畸变率会有所降低,最后通过实验验证了所提算法的正确性。

有源箝位型三电平变频器功率器件损耗分析

针对传统中点箝位型三电平变频器运行过程中存在功率器件损耗分布不均匀问题,介绍了有源箝位型三电平拓扑的工作原理和基本调制策略,分析了有源箝位型三电平变频器的损耗特性。有源箝位型三电平拓扑使用双向功率器件取代传统中点箝位型三电平中的箝位二极管,通过选择恰当的零电压状态组合,可实现功率器件损耗均衡的目的。仿真结果表明,在各种典型工作状态下,相比于中点箝位型三电平拓扑,有源箝位型拓扑可更好地平衡功率器件内外管损耗,提升了变频器容量。

单相五电平有源中点箝位型光伏逆变器悬浮电容电压平衡策略研究

分析了一种五电平ANPC逆变器拓扑及工作原理,针对此拓扑的悬浮电容电压平衡问题,给出了一种悬浮电容电压的平衡方法。该方法以载波周期交替选择同一输出电平的不同冗余状态,并通过实时检测悬浮电容电压,采取电压滞环控制策略,实现悬浮电容电压平衡。该平衡方法减小了悬浮电容容值和体积,实现了上下侧开关管损耗的均衡分布,为样机的热设计提供了良好基础。最后搭建了3.3kW样机对理论及仿真结果进行验证,证明了该平衡策略的可行性。

考虑吸收电路的五电平有源中点钳位变频器电压过零切换策略

五电平有源中点钳位(five-level active-neutral-point-clamped,5L-ANPC)变频器拓扑结构简单,可直接通过公共直流母线供电,易于实现能量回馈,非常适合用于5~10 kV直流供电的船舶推进变频调速领域。简要介绍了5L-ANPC的主电路拓扑和工作原理,针对5L-ANPC拓扑杂散参数较大的四种换流回路,在兼顾可靠性及适装性前提下,设计了纯电容吸收电路。在上述基础上,分析了设置吸收电路后的5L-ANPC拓扑采用传统电压过零切换策略时存在的内开关管过压问题,并提出一种考虑吸收电路的切换策略,实现了输出电压过零器件安全切换,且避免了电压异常跳变。通过仿真和实验验证了所提考虑吸收电路的输出电压过零切换策略的有效性、正确性。

A novel technology for control of variable speed pumped storage power plant

Variable speed pumped storage machines are used extensively in wind power plant and pumped storage power plant. This paper presents direct torque and flux control(DTFC) of a variable speed pumped storage power plant(VSPSP). By this method both torque and flux have been applied to control the VSPSP. The comparison between VSPSP's control strategies is studied. At the first, a wind turbine with the capacity 2.2 k W and DTFC control strategies simulated then a 250 MW VSPSP is simulated with all of its parts(including electrical, mechanical, hydraulic and its control system) by MATLAB software. In all of simulations, both converters including two-level voltage source converter(2LVSC) and three-level voltage source converter(3LVSC) are applied. The results of applying 2LVSC and 3LVSC are the rapid dynamic responses with better efficiency, reducing the total harmonic distortion(THD) and ripple of rotor torque and flux.

五电平有源钳位型变换器SVPWM死区效应分析与补偿方法研究

针对五电平有源钳位型变换器SVPWM调制的死区时间会导致跨电平跳变电压尖峰,产生过高的dv/dt影响系统稳定性的问题,提出一种不影响SVPWM调制效果的死区跨电平跳变补偿方法。首先对死区寄生模态导致电压误差的产生原理进行分析,列举了所有跳变过程中寄生电流的导通路径,采用在特定参考电压限定开关模态、筛选开关序列和脉冲调整等方法,重新规划电流导通过程,分类消除了跨电平跳变现象。最后搭建了实验样机,通过仿真和实验的手段对补偿方法进行了验证,对相同条件下的实验结果进行快速傅里叶对比分析,证明提出的死区补偿方法对输出电压谐波含量只产生了0.51%的微弱影响,且能有效消除跨电平跳变电压尖峰,表明该方法能维持五电平SVPWM良好的调制效果的同时,消除跨电平跳变隐患。