This article deals with the human design of salvation and the question of man under the common stimulus of two grand names of philosophical tradition, though parted by more than nine centuries: Saint Anselm and Martin...This article deals with the human design of salvation and the question of man under the common stimulus of two grand names of philosophical tradition, though parted by more than nine centuries: Saint Anselm and Martin Heidegger. Both defend the need for a God who saves man: according to Anselm, due to the consequences of evil, which man consented and cannot revert;according to Heidegger, due to the consequences of technicity, which man created and can no longer control. In any case, the design of salvation posits the question of man: Why man? This question was considered ever since the remote 12th century, in a time of renovation for European culture, and is once again posited with special acuteness in our days, in a time of accelerated technological progress of human civilization. Which is why Anselm’s reflection around salvation and the medieval question of man may open doors towards re-equating the value of man in its actual state and in the future horizon of humanity?展开更多
Among those who pay homage to Parmenides as a source of unquenchable inspiration for Western thought, we now revisit the Poem Of Nature as the birthplace of the principle of causality through the elimination of non-be...Among those who pay homage to Parmenides as a source of unquenchable inspiration for Western thought, we now revisit the Poem Of Nature as the birthplace of the principle of causality through the elimination of non-being at the origin of being. Indeed in Parmenides＇ Poem, a negative conviction can be found--the refusal that the non-being is at the origin of the being--which leads most philosophers to the affirmative conviction that something is at the origin of the being. The two convictions are two rational beliefs which have stimulated ancient Greek philosophy, and have continuously represented a structuring axis in the history of Western thought. With Aristotle, that affirmative conviction was converted into a principle of causality, that is, into a principle which requires a causal explanation for the intelligibility of reality. In Latin Middle Ages, we find a singular figure who promotes the synthesis of the two fundamental beliefs, the negative conviction, explicit in Parmenides, and the affirmative conviction, explicit in Aristotle： It is Saint Anselm. In an initial chapter （III） of his first work, the Monologion, Anselm declares that ＂nothing is by nothing＂ （nihil est per nihil）, and that consequently ＂all that is, is not but by something＂ （quidquid est, non nisi per aliquid est）. All of Anselm＇s metaphysics is an analysis and a development of this affirmative rational belief. Therefore, we claim Parmenides＇ paternity of Saint Anselm＇s metaphysics, of whom one may say he was the medieval Parmenides.展开更多
This essay suggests an unlikely encounter between the recent thinker of the deconstruction of speeches, Jacques Derrida, and the medieval constructor of theological speeches, Saint Anselm. The common motto is the idea...This essay suggests an unlikely encounter between the recent thinker of the deconstruction of speeches, Jacques Derrida, and the medieval constructor of theological speeches, Saint Anselm. The common motto is the idea of gift. The gift of the death of Christ in the economy of salvation is the target of Derrida＇s deconstruction. Anselm himself enables this. However, there is in Anselm＇s theology of Trinity a metaphysics of the gift of being and of being other, elaborated with regard to the procession of the Holy Spirit. And it is possible to submit the original gift of the Holy Spirit to the same kind of deconstruction, that is, of economic reduction, to which the gift of the death of Christ had been submitted. But both the construction and the deconstruction of the theology of gift resort to the same kind of analogy procedure. And economy does not enable us to think the gift as purely as does theology.展开更多
This paper argues that St. Anselm＇s distinction of the two senses of existence in his ontological argument for the existence of God renders Paul Tillich＇s refutation of it invalid. At the same time, Anselm misuses t...This paper argues that St. Anselm＇s distinction of the two senses of existence in his ontological argument for the existence of God renders Paul Tillich＇s refutation of it invalid. At the same time, Anselm misuses the two types of existence in his ontological comparison, leading to a logical contradiction between the different kinds and degrees of existence. Since Anselm＇s idea of different reference subjects does not coherently solve this logical absurdity, Anselm＇s ontological argument falls well short of being a successful approach to establishing the existence of God.展开更多
The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls are war novels by famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.This article,through the analysis of the aging heroes Count Mippipopolous,Count Greffi and An...The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls are war novels by famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.This article,through the analysis of the aging heroes Count Mippipopolous,Count Greffi and Anselm in the three novels,highlights their personality and thoughts,shows their values and interprets their understanding of life and the social phenomena reflected by the stories.展开更多
文摘This article deals with the human design of salvation and the question of man under the common stimulus of two grand names of philosophical tradition, though parted by more than nine centuries: Saint Anselm and Martin Heidegger. Both defend the need for a God who saves man: according to Anselm, due to the consequences of evil, which man consented and cannot revert;according to Heidegger, due to the consequences of technicity, which man created and can no longer control. In any case, the design of salvation posits the question of man: Why man? This question was considered ever since the remote 12th century, in a time of renovation for European culture, and is once again posited with special acuteness in our days, in a time of accelerated technological progress of human civilization. Which is why Anselm’s reflection around salvation and the medieval question of man may open doors towards re-equating the value of man in its actual state and in the future horizon of humanity?
文摘Among those who pay homage to Parmenides as a source of unquenchable inspiration for Western thought, we now revisit the Poem Of Nature as the birthplace of the principle of causality through the elimination of non-being at the origin of being. Indeed in Parmenides＇ Poem, a negative conviction can be found--the refusal that the non-being is at the origin of the being--which leads most philosophers to the affirmative conviction that something is at the origin of the being. The two convictions are two rational beliefs which have stimulated ancient Greek philosophy, and have continuously represented a structuring axis in the history of Western thought. With Aristotle, that affirmative conviction was converted into a principle of causality, that is, into a principle which requires a causal explanation for the intelligibility of reality. In Latin Middle Ages, we find a singular figure who promotes the synthesis of the two fundamental beliefs, the negative conviction, explicit in Parmenides, and the affirmative conviction, explicit in Aristotle： It is Saint Anselm. In an initial chapter （III） of his first work, the Monologion, Anselm declares that ＂nothing is by nothing＂ （nihil est per nihil）, and that consequently ＂all that is, is not but by something＂ （quidquid est, non nisi per aliquid est）. All of Anselm＇s metaphysics is an analysis and a development of this affirmative rational belief. Therefore, we claim Parmenides＇ paternity of Saint Anselm＇s metaphysics, of whom one may say he was the medieval Parmenides.
文摘This essay suggests an unlikely encounter between the recent thinker of the deconstruction of speeches, Jacques Derrida, and the medieval constructor of theological speeches, Saint Anselm. The common motto is the idea of gift. The gift of the death of Christ in the economy of salvation is the target of Derrida＇s deconstruction. Anselm himself enables this. However, there is in Anselm＇s theology of Trinity a metaphysics of the gift of being and of being other, elaborated with regard to the procession of the Holy Spirit. And it is possible to submit the original gift of the Holy Spirit to the same kind of deconstruction, that is, of economic reduction, to which the gift of the death of Christ had been submitted. But both the construction and the deconstruction of the theology of gift resort to the same kind of analogy procedure. And economy does not enable us to think the gift as purely as does theology.
文摘This paper argues that St. Anselm＇s distinction of the two senses of existence in his ontological argument for the existence of God renders Paul Tillich＇s refutation of it invalid. At the same time, Anselm misuses the two types of existence in his ontological comparison, leading to a logical contradiction between the different kinds and degrees of existence. Since Anselm＇s idea of different reference subjects does not coherently solve this logical absurdity, Anselm＇s ontological argument falls well short of being a successful approach to establishing the existence of God.
文摘The Sun Also Rises,A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls are war novels by famous American writer Ernest Hemingway.This article,through the analysis of the aging heroes Count Mippipopolous,Count Greffi and Anselm in the three novels,highlights their personality and thoughts,shows their values and interprets their understanding of life and the social phenomena reflected by the stories.
