Objective:The alcoholic extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna（ALTA） was screened for antioxidant and antimutagenic（anticlastogenic） activity.Methods:Antioxidant property was determined by l,l,Diphynyl,2-Picryl...Objective:The alcoholic extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna（ALTA） was screened for antioxidant and antimutagenic（anticlastogenic） activity.Methods:Antioxidant property was determined by l,l,Diphynyl,2-Picryl hydrazyl（DPPH） assay,super oxide radical scavenging activity,lipid peroxidation assay and total polyphenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent.Antimutagenic activity was evaluated using micronucleus test in mice. Results:The ALTA has shown potent antioxidant activity with EC<sub>50</sub> of 2.491±0.160,50.110±0.150 & 71.000±0.250 in DPPH assay,superoxide radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation assay, which is comparable with ascorbic acid with EC<sub>50</sub> of 2.471±0.140,40.500±0.390 and 63.000±0.360 respectively.In micronucleus test,ALTA（100 & 200 mg/kg,p.o.） showed significant reduction in percentage of micronucleus in both polychromatic erythrocytes（PCE） and normochromatie erythrocytes（NCE） and also shown significant reduction in P/N ratio.Conclusions:These results suggested that ALTA possess significant antioxidant and antimutagenic activity.展开更多
It is well known that there are huge geographic variations in cancer rates in China's Mainland. For example, The National Cancer Control Office of the Ministry of Public Health (1979) reported that in the 1970s, c...It is well known that there are huge geographic variations in cancer rates in China's Mainland. For example, The National Cancer Control Office of the Ministry of Public Health (1979) reported that in the 1970s, cancer mortality rates for most cancers were found to be more than 20-fold greater in some counties in others (Table 1). Esophageal cancer rates for males are a few hundred fold greater in the highest county when compared with the lowest county. The mortality rate for all cancers combined for males is 21 fold greater in the county with the highest mortality than in the county with the lowest rate.According to Doll and Peto (1981), about one third of human cancer death is avoidable by appropriate modification of the diet. Therefore, diet is very likely to have an important part in causing these huge geographic variations. The possible role of various mutagens and carcinogens (e.g. afiatoxin, N-nitroso compounds) in locally produced and consumed foods has been strongly suggested and widely acknowledged, although much more evidence would be required to confirm their actual functions in human cancer. On the other hand, there are a few reports stating that the human diet also contains powerful antimutagens and anticarcinogens (Ames, 1983). The possible role of these two types of substances in causing the huge geographic variation of cancer risks remains elusive and inadequately explored. In order to make better use of these natural anticarcinogens in cancer prevention, it is important to elucidate their effects and mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the available information on the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of natural foods in the Chinese diet, excluding the effects of essential nutrients, e.g. dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals. Most of the literature cited in this review was published by Chinese scientists.展开更多
Seleno- malt is an organic Selenium product recently developed in China . Seleno- malt itself is not genotixic. It antagonized the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1. The antagonistic activity was, 10- 15 times higher t...Seleno- malt is an organic Selenium product recently developed in China . Seleno- malt itself is not genotixic. It antagonized the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1. The antagonistic activity was, 10- 15 times higher than Seleno-yeast may be used as a food additive in areas with low selenium level for the prevention of Ke- Shan disease and Cancer.展开更多
G_9315 was a complex extracted from glycyrrhizae inflata Bat (Ⅲ) and consisted of 6 flavonoids with significant antioxidant effects.At 1 mg dose it inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by croton oil, and it showed s...G_9315 was a complex extracted from glycyrrhizae inflata Bat (Ⅲ) and consisted of 6 flavonoids with significant antioxidant effects.At 1 mg dose it inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by croton oil, and it showed strong antipromoting effect on two stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin induced by DMBA plus croton oil.The TPA enhanced 32Pi-incorporation into phospholipid fraction in HeLa cells and the micronuclei in mouse bone marrow induced by cytoxan was inhibited.The lipid peroxidation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of Wistar rats and the mouse liver microsome and mitochondria induced by croton oil were also depressed by it.展开更多
Objective To assess the antimutagenicity of antioxidant vitamins （vitamins A, C, and E） as expressed by their efficacy to lower aflatoxin-induced mutations. Methods The Muller-5 method for mutation detection was use...Objective To assess the antimutagenicity of antioxidant vitamins （vitamins A, C, and E） as expressed by their efficacy to lower aflatoxin-induced mutations. Methods The Muller-5 method for mutation detection was used to assay the frequency of X-chromosome linked recessive lethal mutations （XRLMs） in Drosophila. Larvae were exposed to dietary concentration of aflatoxins and/or the human therapeutic doses of any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Absence of normal eyed males among M2 progeny gave an indication of mutation induction. Results Aflatoxin supplimentation significantly increased the incidence of XRLMs in Drosophila. Mutation frequency was also raised a little above the control level in case of vitamin treatment. However, notable mitigation in mutation frequency was registered when aflatoxin-treated larvae were concomitantly fed with any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Conclusion Aflatoxin exposure can enhance the frequency of gene mutation in Drosophila which is significantly lowered by each of the three antioxidant vitamins. The degree of amelioration produced by them is almost identical. This mitigation is based on the scavenging/trapping by antioxidant vitamins of DNA-reactive products （metabolites and radicals） emanating from aflatoxin metabolism.展开更多
Antimutagenic and DNA protective effect of an extract VinOserae from Vitis vinifera grapes on oxidative DNA damage was investigated. The extract’s ability to inhibit mutagenicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (...Antimutagenic and DNA protective effect of an extract VinOserae from Vitis vinifera grapes on oxidative DNA damage was investigated. The extract’s ability to inhibit mutagenicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was determined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium His? TA102 strain. Inhibition values of 44.2% and 67.0% were detected for t-BHP and H2O2, respectively. A protective ability of the extract against DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals was studied with plasmid pBluescript II SK(-). The analysis of DNA strand breaks in plasmid DNA showed a significant inhibition of DNA damage.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate the effect of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng.(B.lanan) bark against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.Methods: The prevalence of micronuclei in bo...Objective:To elucidate the effect of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng.(B.lanan) bark against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.Methods: The prevalence of micronuclei in bone marrow,the extent of lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione and the status of the antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver of mice were used as intermediate biomarkers for chemoprolection.Lipid peroxidation and associated compromised antioxidant defenses in cyclophosphamide treated mice were observed in the liver.Results:Pre-treatment with B.lanzan 250,500 and 1 000 mg/ kg,p.o.,daily for 7 days significantly reduced the chromosomal damage and lipid peroxidation with concomitant changes in antioxidants and detoxification systems.Conclusions:These results point out the presence of chemopreventive phytoconstituents in the crude extract offering protection against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.展开更多
Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits and displays chemoprotective effects against DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） damage, however there are few reports about hesperidin effects against cisplati...Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits and displays chemoprotective effects against DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） damage, however there are few reports about hesperidin effects against cisplatin-DNA damage induction. The aim of this work was to evaluate hesperidin antimutagenicity against cisptatin-DNA damage. （1） The antimutagenicity of hesperidin was assayed by bone marrow of mice in vivo using the micronucleus test. Hesperidin pre-treatment protocol reduced the frequency of MNPCE （micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes） and the dose of 100 mg·kg-1 was highest efficiency, with 65.24% of damage reduction. In the simultaneous treatment protocol, the dose of 200 mg·kg-1 exhibited a more effective reduction of MNPCE, with 94.01% of damage reduction. （2） Hesperidin was also effective in reducing the MNPCE frequency in the post-treatment protocol for all doses, with 77.48%, 82.13% and 90.08% of damage reduction at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg·kg-1, respectively. From the study, it can be concluded that hesperidin was able to promote the reduction of micronuclei frequency and DNA damage induced by cisplatin. Hesperidin is a powerful antioxidant compound and its chemoprotective effects on DNA may occur due to its association with the antioxidant cell system which is responsible for eliminate free radicals generated by chemical harmful to DNA.展开更多
Chitosan is derived by deacetylation of chitin, a major component of the shells of crustacea such as crabs and shrimps. In this experiment using the Ames test, there was antimutagenic effect by the water-soluble chito...Chitosan is derived by deacetylation of chitin, a major component of the shells of crustacea such as crabs and shrimps. In this experiment using the Ames test, there was antimutagenic effect by the water-soluble chitosan that dissolved in hard water （CHW）. The Ames test was performed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. For the antimutagenic test, and the desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, Trp-P-2, 2AA and AF-2 were used as mutagens. Tests for spontaneous mutation rate without mutagens were performed using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. When several concentrations of CHW were directly added to Minimal Glucose Plates, there were no changes in the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100. In desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, the number of His^＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100 decreased. In the test for spontaneous mutation rate, the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA 100 decreased slightly. When a concentration of CHW was added to examine antimutagenic effects, there was no change in the viable cell count of TA98 and TA100. From these results, AF-2 that is a direct mutagen may combine with CHW, and that may also be carrying out the inactivation. CHW possibly acts directly on the DNA by decreasing the rate at which mutation is caused to the strain＇s promutagens, Trp-P-2 and 2AA. This is evident from the decreased spontaneous mutation rate without a decreased viable cell count.展开更多
文摘Objective:The alcoholic extract of stem bark of Terminalia arjuna（ALTA） was screened for antioxidant and antimutagenic（anticlastogenic） activity.Methods:Antioxidant property was determined by l,l,Diphynyl,2-Picryl hydrazyl（DPPH） assay,super oxide radical scavenging activity,lipid peroxidation assay and total polyphenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent.Antimutagenic activity was evaluated using micronucleus test in mice. Results:The ALTA has shown potent antioxidant activity with EC<sub>50</sub> of 2.491±0.160,50.110±0.150 & 71.000±0.250 in DPPH assay,superoxide radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation assay, which is comparable with ascorbic acid with EC<sub>50</sub> of 2.471±0.140,40.500±0.390 and 63.000±0.360 respectively.In micronucleus test,ALTA（100 & 200 mg/kg,p.o.） showed significant reduction in percentage of micronucleus in both polychromatic erythrocytes（PCE） and normochromatie erythrocytes（NCE） and also shown significant reduction in P/N ratio.Conclusions:These results suggested that ALTA possess significant antioxidant and antimutagenic activity.
文摘It is well known that there are huge geographic variations in cancer rates in China's Mainland. For example, The National Cancer Control Office of the Ministry of Public Health (1979) reported that in the 1970s, cancer mortality rates for most cancers were found to be more than 20-fold greater in some counties in others (Table 1). Esophageal cancer rates for males are a few hundred fold greater in the highest county when compared with the lowest county. The mortality rate for all cancers combined for males is 21 fold greater in the county with the highest mortality than in the county with the lowest rate.According to Doll and Peto (1981), about one third of human cancer death is avoidable by appropriate modification of the diet. Therefore, diet is very likely to have an important part in causing these huge geographic variations. The possible role of various mutagens and carcinogens (e.g. afiatoxin, N-nitroso compounds) in locally produced and consumed foods has been strongly suggested and widely acknowledged, although much more evidence would be required to confirm their actual functions in human cancer. On the other hand, there are a few reports stating that the human diet also contains powerful antimutagens and anticarcinogens (Ames, 1983). The possible role of these two types of substances in causing the huge geographic variation of cancer risks remains elusive and inadequately explored. In order to make better use of these natural anticarcinogens in cancer prevention, it is important to elucidate their effects and mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the available information on the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of natural foods in the Chinese diet, excluding the effects of essential nutrients, e.g. dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals. Most of the literature cited in this review was published by Chinese scientists.
文摘Seleno- malt is an organic Selenium product recently developed in China . Seleno- malt itself is not genotixic. It antagonized the mutagenic effect of aflatoxin B1. The antagonistic activity was, 10- 15 times higher than Seleno-yeast may be used as a food additive in areas with low selenium level for the prevention of Ke- Shan disease and Cancer.
文摘G_9315 was a complex extracted from glycyrrhizae inflata Bat (Ⅲ) and consisted of 6 flavonoids with significant antioxidant effects.At 1 mg dose it inhibited the mouse ear edema induced by croton oil, and it showed strong antipromoting effect on two stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin induced by DMBA plus croton oil.The TPA enhanced 32Pi-incorporation into phospholipid fraction in HeLa cells and the micronuclei in mouse bone marrow induced by cytoxan was inhibited.The lipid peroxidation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of Wistar rats and the mouse liver microsome and mitochondria induced by croton oil were also depressed by it.
文摘Objective To assess the antimutagenicity of antioxidant vitamins （vitamins A, C, and E） as expressed by their efficacy to lower aflatoxin-induced mutations. Methods The Muller-5 method for mutation detection was used to assay the frequency of X-chromosome linked recessive lethal mutations （XRLMs） in Drosophila. Larvae were exposed to dietary concentration of aflatoxins and/or the human therapeutic doses of any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Absence of normal eyed males among M2 progeny gave an indication of mutation induction. Results Aflatoxin supplimentation significantly increased the incidence of XRLMs in Drosophila. Mutation frequency was also raised a little above the control level in case of vitamin treatment. However, notable mitigation in mutation frequency was registered when aflatoxin-treated larvae were concomitantly fed with any of the three antioxidant vitamins. Conclusion Aflatoxin exposure can enhance the frequency of gene mutation in Drosophila which is significantly lowered by each of the three antioxidant vitamins. The degree of amelioration produced by them is almost identical. This mitigation is based on the scavenging/trapping by antioxidant vitamins of DNA-reactive products （metabolites and radicals） emanating from aflatoxin metabolism.
文摘Antimutagenic and DNA protective effect of an extract VinOserae from Vitis vinifera grapes on oxidative DNA damage was investigated. The extract’s ability to inhibit mutagenicity induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was determined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium His? TA102 strain. Inhibition values of 44.2% and 67.0% were detected for t-BHP and H2O2, respectively. A protective ability of the extract against DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radicals was studied with plasmid pBluescript II SK(-). The analysis of DNA strand breaks in plasmid DNA showed a significant inhibition of DNA damage.
基金University Grant Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India for Research Fellowship[F.No.10-01/2005(SA-I)]
文摘Objective:To elucidate the effect of ethanolic extract of Buchanania lanzan Spreng.(B.lanan) bark against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.Methods: The prevalence of micronuclei in bone marrow,the extent of lipid peroxidation,reduced glutathione and the status of the antioxidant enzymes,superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver of mice were used as intermediate biomarkers for chemoprolection.Lipid peroxidation and associated compromised antioxidant defenses in cyclophosphamide treated mice were observed in the liver.Results:Pre-treatment with B.lanzan 250,500 and 1 000 mg/ kg,p.o.,daily for 7 days significantly reduced the chromosomal damage and lipid peroxidation with concomitant changes in antioxidants and detoxification systems.Conclusions:These results point out the presence of chemopreventive phytoconstituents in the crude extract offering protection against cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice.
文摘Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid abundantly found in citrus fruits and displays chemoprotective effects against DNA （deoxyribonucleic acid） damage, however there are few reports about hesperidin effects against cisplatin-DNA damage induction. The aim of this work was to evaluate hesperidin antimutagenicity against cisptatin-DNA damage. （1） The antimutagenicity of hesperidin was assayed by bone marrow of mice in vivo using the micronucleus test. Hesperidin pre-treatment protocol reduced the frequency of MNPCE （micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes） and the dose of 100 mg·kg-1 was highest efficiency, with 65.24% of damage reduction. In the simultaneous treatment protocol, the dose of 200 mg·kg-1 exhibited a more effective reduction of MNPCE, with 94.01% of damage reduction. （2） Hesperidin was also effective in reducing the MNPCE frequency in the post-treatment protocol for all doses, with 77.48%, 82.13% and 90.08% of damage reduction at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg·kg-1, respectively. From the study, it can be concluded that hesperidin was able to promote the reduction of micronuclei frequency and DNA damage induced by cisplatin. Hesperidin is a powerful antioxidant compound and its chemoprotective effects on DNA may occur due to its association with the antioxidant cell system which is responsible for eliminate free radicals generated by chemical harmful to DNA.
文摘Chitosan is derived by deacetylation of chitin, a major component of the shells of crustacea such as crabs and shrimps. In this experiment using the Ames test, there was antimutagenic effect by the water-soluble chitosan that dissolved in hard water （CHW）. The Ames test was performed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. For the antimutagenic test, and the desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, Trp-P-2, 2AA and AF-2 were used as mutagens. Tests for spontaneous mutation rate without mutagens were performed using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. When several concentrations of CHW were directly added to Minimal Glucose Plates, there were no changes in the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100. In desmutagenic and bioantimutagenic tests, the number of His^＋ revertants of TA98 and TA100 decreased. In the test for spontaneous mutation rate, the number of His＋ revertants of TA98 and TA 100 decreased slightly. When a concentration of CHW was added to examine antimutagenic effects, there was no change in the viable cell count of TA98 and TA100. From these results, AF-2 that is a direct mutagen may combine with CHW, and that may also be carrying out the inactivation. CHW possibly acts directly on the DNA by decreasing the rate at which mutation is caused to the strain＇s promutagens, Trp-P-2 and 2AA. This is evident from the decreased spontaneous mutation rate without a decreased viable cell count.
