Antiplasmodial and antiulcer activities of Melanthera scadens

Objective:To evaluate the antimalarial and antiulcerogenic activities ofleaf exlracl and fractions of Melanthera scandens(M.scandens).Methods:The crude leaf extract(37-111 mg/kg)and fractions(chloroform,ethylacetale and methanol;78 mg/kg)of M.scadens were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for antiulcer activity against experimentally-induced ulcers.The antimalarial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic was investigated.Artesunate(5 mg/kg)and pyrimethamine(1.2 mg/kg)were used as positive controls.Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice.Antiulcer activity of the crude extract was also evaluated against indomethacin,ethanol and histamine induced ulcers.Results:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in mice.These reductions were statistically significant(P<0.00l),They also improved the mean survival time(MST)from 9.28 to 17.73 days as compared with the control(P<0.0l-0.001).The activities of extract/fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs ie.artesunate and pyrimethamine.On experimentally-induced ulcers,the extract inhibited indomethacin,ethanol and histamine induced ulcers.These inhibitions were statistically significant(P<0.001)and in a dose-dependent fashion.Conclusions:The antiplasmodial and antiulcerogenic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.

Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract and fractions of Picralima nitida seeds(Apocynacaea) in rats

Objective:To investigated the antisecrectory activities of the methanol extract,chloroform fraction and methanol fraction of Picralima nitida seeds.Methods:The methanol extract of Picralima nitida seeds was fractionated into chloroform fraction and methanol fraction.They were evaluated for antiulcer activity and gastric emptying time in rats using aspirin-pylorus-ligation model.Results:Oral administration of the methanol extract,chloroform fraction and methanol fraction at 1 000 mg/kg reduced gastric ulcer by 56.4%,40.0%and 56.3%,respectively;and the fractions of the extract significantly(P【0.05) reduced gastric emptying time when compared to the control.Gastric acidity was significandy decreased when compared with saline group,40.25 mEq/ L in methanol extract,50.0 mEq/L in chloroform fraction 51.25 mEq/L in methanol fration but had no significant effect on the gastric secretion volume.Conclusions:These findings showed that methanol extract,chloroform fraction and methanol fraction of the seeds of Picralima possessed potent antiulcer properties and some antisecretory properties.

Antiulcer Activities of Commiphora molmol (Myrrh) Extract in Male Rats

Medicinal plants used in folk medicine contain a wide range of substances that can prevent and treat many diseases. The Antiulcer Activities effects of myrrh or Commiphora molmol extract (CME) were assessed in rats. In this experiment, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups as follows: G1) normal control (vehicle);G2) received aspirin without any treatment;G3) pretreated with Omeprazole (antiulcer drug) and groups (4), (5) and (6) were pretreated with CME at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt, respective-ly for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment the volume, pH and total acidity of gastric juices;mucus content and ulcer lengths were measured and protection percentages were calculated. Gross and histopathological examinations of stomachs were also performed. CME induced an antiulcer effect manifested by decreased volume and total acidity of gastric juice and increased mucus content and percentages of protec-tion from ulcer as well as partial amelioration of gross and histopathological lesions seen in stomach of ulcerated rats. In conclusion, the results denote that Commiphora molmol extract possess antiulcer effects in rats. These results affirm the traditional use of Myrrh extract for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

肉桂的温中止痛药理研究

观察到肉桂水提物和醚提物对4个实验胃溃疡模型有显著保护作用,对2种药物引起的小鼠腹泻有显著对抗作用,对麻醉大鼠有明显利胆作用,并有明显镇痛作用。这是肉桂温中止痛的药理学基础。

附子的温中止痛药理研究

本文观察附子水煎剂能显著对抗小鼠水浸应激型和大鼠盐酸损伤性溃疡。附子煎剂能显著对抗蓖麻油和番泻叶引起的小鼠药物性腹泻。在热板法和乙酸扭歪试验中它有明显镇痛效应。认为这是附子温中止痛的药理学基础。

顺导冲剂对胃肠道的药理作用

顺导冲剂对实验性大鼠胃溃疡形成具有明显的抑制作用,减少胃液和胃酸分泌;醋酸扭体法实验表明它有明显的镇痛作用;对小鼠小肠运动具有显著的推进作用。

苦刺总生物碱和槐果碱的抗溃疡作用

实验发现苦刺总生物碱具有对抗水浸应激性小鼠溃疡,吲哚美辛加乙醇所致小鼠溃疡、盐酸性大鼠溃疡和结扎大鼠幽门性溃疡形成作用。但其成分之一的槐果碱仅能对抗前两种模型的溃疡形成。

Study of anti ulcer activity of Ficus religiosa L.on experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats

Objective:To investigate the gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract leaves of Ficus religiosa(F.religiosa) in different experimental models of gastric ulcer in rats.Methods:The hydroalcoholic extract leaves of F.religiosa were studied at two dose levels(250 and 500 mg/ kg,oral) in rats against absolute ethanol(0.2 mL oral),aspirin(200 mg/kg) and pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcer.Ranitidine(50 mg/kg,oral) was used as a standard drug.Mean ulcer indices and oxidative stress were measured.Phytochemical tests and acute toxicity tests were also carried out.Results:Administration of F.religiosa to rats significantly decreased the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated group.Ranitidine(50 mg/kg,oral) also produced a significant decrease the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated group.Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins,sterols,saponins,flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins.Conclusions:The results suggest that the leaves of the F.religiosa possess significant anti ulcer activity.

Protective effect of Polyalthia longifolia var.pendula leaves on ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcer in rats and its antimicrobial potency

Objective:To explore antiulcer and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia var.pendula.Methods:Gastroprotective potential of Polyalthia longifolia was studied on ethanol and ethanol/HCl induced ulcers at 2 different doses(270 and 540 mg/kg/body weight). Antimicrobial efficacy of Polyalthia longifolia(25 mg/mL) was also studied against six gram positive,seven gram negative bacteria and five fungi by agar well diffusion method.Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar well diffusion method in two fold serial dilution, in the range of 97-25 000μg/mL.Results:The reduction of ulcer index in Polyalthia longifolia treated animals was found to be statistically significant with respect to control animals.The Polyalthia longifolia exhibited ulcer protection activity in dose dependent manner and was also better than the standard.In antimicrobial activity,gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to Polyalthia longifolia than gram negative bacteria and fungal strains.Conclusions:Results obtained confirm the antiulcer and antimicrobial potential of the Polyalthia longifolia.

砂仁临床药理作用的研究进展

砂仁不仅具有温里类中药的共同药效谱,也具有温里药的辛温归脾胃经的共同中药药性。现代研究显示砂仁具有抗溃疡、抗腹泻、促进胃排空和胃肠推进运动、利胆、镇痛、抗炎、抗血小板聚集和延长凝血时间等药理作用。综述砂仁在消化系统、血液系统以及镇痛抗炎等方面的临床药理作用的研究进展。

Gastroprotective effect of Achyranthes aspera Linn,leaf on rats

Objective:The study was aimed al evaluating the antiulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera(EEAA) leaf.Methods:The anti-ulcer assays were performed on pylorus ligation and chronic ethanol induced ulcer model.The effects of the EEAA on gastric content volume,pH.free acidity,total acidity and ulcer index were evaluated.Results:The percentage of ulcer protection(59.55%and 35.58%) was significantly(P 【 0.001) higher in the groups treated with the high dose of EEAA(600 mg/kg),it also reduced the volume of gastric juice and total acidity whereas,gastric pH was increased signiGcandy.Conclusions:The results of this study show significant gastroprotective activity of EEAA may be due to presence of phyto-constituents like flavanoids,saponins and tannins.

曲昔匹特对实验性溃疡病模型的药效学研究

曲昔匹特(KU-54)口服对大鼠的水浸应激性溃疡模型、乙酸烧灼溃疡模型及幽门结扎溃疡模型均有抗溃疡作用,而且其作用呈剂量依赖关系,其中以300mg/kg作用最为显著。Ku-54与阳性对照药西米替丁(CIM)的作用相比,随溃疡病的模型不同,疗效有所差异。本试验条件下,除水浸应激性溃疡模型CIM的疗效优于Ku-54外,另两种模型Ku-54比CIM更好。Ku-54以300mg/kg口服发挥明显的抗溃疡效果时,胃液容量与pH值无明显影响。

Soft coral Cespitularia stolonifera:New cytotoxic ceramides and gastroprotective activity

In the present study, a new ceramide, namely 2S, 3R-4E, 8E-2-(heptadecanoylamino)-heptadeca-4, 8-diene-1, 3-diol(1), along with four known steroids, including 24-methylcholesta-5, 24(28)-diene-3β-ol(2), 24-methylcholesta-5, 24(28)-diene-3β-acetate(3), 4-methyl-24-methylcholesta- 22-ene-3-ol(4), and cholesterol, was isolated and characterized from CH2Cl2/Me OH extract of Cespitularia stolonifera. A new acetate derivative of compound 1, termed 2S, 3R-4E, 8E-2-(heptadecanoylamino)-heptadeca-4, 8-diene-1, 3-diacetate(1a), was also prepared in the present study. All the structures were established on the basis of modern spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, 1D, 2D-NMR, HRESI-MS, and GC-MS, in addition of chemical methods.(-)-Alloaromadendren, ledane,(1)-alloaromadendren oxide, isoaromadendrene epoxide and(-)-caryophellen oxide were identified from the n-hexane fraction using GC-MS. The extract and the two ceramides(1) and(1a) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against lung cancer A549 cells, while the extract and the two steroids(2) and(3) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The CH_2Cl_2/MeOH extract exhibited significant antiulcer activity in both ethanol and acetic acid induced ulcer models in rats, as evidenced by histopathological, histochemical, and biochemical examinations.

Ulcer protective effect of Byrsocarpus coccineus leaf extract in different experimental animal models

Objective:To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus,a plant used in herbal medicine for the management of various diseases in Nigeria.Methods:Ethanol-,acetylsalicylic acid-,histamine-and water immersion stress-induced gastric ulcers in rats were used to investigate the antiulcer activity of the leaf extract.Acute toxicity studies were also carried out.Results:The ethanolic leaf extract significantly(P<0.05)reduced the ulcer index in all assays used with the maximal antiulcer activity recorded at 400 mg/kg.The LD_(50)values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats.Conclusions:The implication of this finding is that Byrsocarpus coccineus ethanolic leaf extract possesses potent antiulcer activity and the leaf of this plant can serve as a potential source of safe and affordable antiulcer agents.