The Research of the Tariff Revenue Impact on China Based on APEC List of Environmental Goods

In this paper, the development conditions of the trades of merchandises among APEC countries, which were based on the APEC environmental goods are retrospected and summarized. Considering the commitments to reduce tariff rates on the 54 types of goods in 2015, the international tariff revenue of each country on this kind of goods will be influenced to different extents. This article quantifies the potential loss of each country from the perspective of the tariff revenue loss and contrasts the results, in order to offer related advice and suggestions from the standpoint of Chinese participation of tariff reduction among environmental goods.

Environmental impact of energy imports:Natural resources income and natural gas production profitability in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Countries

Environmental degradation is a pressing global concern,with the energy sector being one of the major contributors to this issue.The environmental impact of energy imports,particularly regarding natural resources income and natural gas production profitability,cannot be ignored.Countries must assess the environmental consequences of their energy choices and take steps to minimize their impact.By transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources,countries can ensure a better future for the environment and their economies.This study examines the impact of energy imports and natural resources income on environmental degradation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)countries from 1990 to 2020,using revenue minus the production cost of natural gas and electricity production from renewable sources as moderating variables.Long-run estimates are derived using the Generalized Method of Moments and robust least squares.Our findings elucidate that importing energy from countries specializing in renewable energy can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.This diversification of energy sources decreases the overall carbon footprint and contributes to a cleaner environment.Natural gas production often involves infrastructure construction,such as drilling rigs and pipelines,which can disrupt natural habitats and wildlife corridors.This destruction of ecosystems can have long-term consequences on biodiversity and ecological balance.The environmental impact of energy imports,particularly related to natural resource income and natural gas production profitability,requires BRICS countries to take proactive measures.These nations can address the environmental challenges associated with their energy demands by implementing policies prioritizing sustainable resource management,carbon pricing,stringent regulation,and investment in research and development.By doing so,they can balance economic growth and environmental sustainability,ensuring a greener future for the BRICS countries.

Oil revenue and production cost disconnect and its impact on the environment:Economic globalization in Asia-Pacific economic cooperation countries

The global economy relies heavily on oil production,but it is not without challenges.During the period of economic globalization,the revenue and costs associated with oil production have become disjointed,which has had a detrimental effect on the environment.As a result,environmental protection has been compromised,environmental regulations have been weakened,natural resources have been exploited,and climate change has been exacerbated.This study examines the impact of revenue minus the production cost of oil,energy use,and shadow economy on environmental degradation in APEC countries from 1991 to 2020,using the economic globalization index as a moderating variable.The result explains that revenue minus the oil production cost and the shadow economy are negatively associated with environmental degradation.Energy use and economic globalization are positively associated with environmental degradation in APEC countries.Revenue minus the production cost of oil and shadow economy improve the environment.Energy use and economic globalization degrade the environment in APEC countries.Policymakers are encouraged to advance technologies and upgrade infrastructure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions;also,promoting energy-efficient practices in other sectors,like transportation and manufacturing,could contribute to a healthier environment.