Effect of microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration application on peanut production in the Huang-huai-hai area of China

The microbial agent ARC-BBBE demonstration trials were conducted in four provinces in the main peanutproducing areas of the Huang-huai-hai plain of China.The results revealed that the application of ARC-BBBE led to a 1.09–1.70 fold increase in the number of nodules in the treatment group at the demonstration site compared to the control group.Moreover,the nodule weight in the treatment group was 0.80–3.32 times higher than that of the control group,and nitrogenase activity per plant showed a significant enhancement by 1.00–2.83 fold compared to controls.Additionally,notable improvements were observed in terms of increased fresh weight of whole plants,well-filled pod numbers,and enhanced growth performance;ultimately resulting in a harvest yield increase ranging from 9.46%to 49.04%.The abundance of Aspergillus flavus in rhizosphere soil was determined by the dilution spread plate method,and the inhibition rate was up to 86.7%.The application of ARC-BBBE in the significant peanut-producing areas of Huang-huai-hai has effects of promoting growth,nodulation,and increasing production.At the same time,it has the effect of inhibiting and controlling soil Aspergillus flavus,which provides a new green and low-carbon way to promote the high-quality development of the peanut industry.

Effects of Combination of Straw Returning and a Microbial Agent on Microorganisms and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil and Yield of Late Rice

By using red soil and late rice Wufengyou T025 as the tested materials,the influences of straw returning with a microbial agent on the quantity of microorganisms and enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil in fields were studied,and soil productivity was tested with yield and agricultural traits of late rice. The results showed that straw returning with the microbial agent could significantly improve the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomyces in soil,enhance the activity of sucrase,urease,catalase and cellulase,and improve the number of grains per spike,setting percentage,thousand seed weight and yield of late rice. The combination of rice straw returning and the microbial agent has a good prospect of application.

Control Effect of Different Microbial Agents on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt

[ Objectives] The paper was to study effects of different microbial agents on occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt. [ Methods I Antagonistic strains against Ralstonia solanacearum were screened from in situ soil, and prepared into four different combinations. The number of soil microorganisms and incidence of bacterial wilt of four combinations were observed. [ Results] The incidence rate of bacterial wilt treated by microbial agent OR-1 was significantly lower than that in control, and the control efficacy against bacterial wilt reached 67%. [ Conclusions] Application of microbial agent OR-1 could effectively reduce the incidence rate and disease index of bacterial wilt, thus improving the quality of tobacco.

Review of Microbial Inoculation Agent Used in Composting

Microbial inoculation agent has been widely used in waste disposal and waste recycling. In this paper, the principle of fermentation in the composting of agricultural waste and the impact of microbial inoculation agent on composting were reviewed.The research and the application of microbial inoculation agent were also introduced. Based on the trend of the research, the promising prospect of microbial inoculation agent was discussed.

Screening of Composite Microbial Agents for Promoting the Decomposition of Aging Dunnage

To explore the influence of microbial agems on the decomposition of aging dunnage of the fermentation bed, this paper took the aging dunnage as the raw materials, obtained microbial strains of different types through isolation and purification, chose dominant groups to make compound microbial agents, and adopted composting decomposition experiment. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis of different ratios was added, Trichoderma koningii and Thermo actinomycetaceac could promote the decomposition of aging dunnage, especially composite microbial agents （Kc：Kn：Gf = 1：1：1 ） had the best effect of decomposition, the high tem- perature was kept for 13 days. In the end of composting, degradation rate of cellulose, degradation rate of lignin, GI, and C/N were 47.6%, 30. 2%, 98.5%, and 18.5%. Bacillus coli was not detected.

Application of Highly Efficient Microbial Agent in Pig Manure Compost

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to develop a cheap and localized microbial agent so as to solve high cost of microbial agent for pig manure composting in Jiaxing City. [ Method] Pig manure in the experimental group and control group was inoculated with the self-developed micro- bial agent and commercial microbial agent, respectively. The manure was decomposed for 38 d, during which the indicators of compost including physical properties, temperature, pH value, water content, organic matter, dissolved nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio and germination rate were studied. [ Result] The water content in the experimental group declined to 26.10% after 33 d of compost, meeting the standard upper limitation of 30% for maturity. By comparison, the water content in the control group was slightly higher than 30% even after 38 d. The germination rate of seeds fertilized with the experimental manure compost met the standard for maturity on Day 28, while that in the control group met the standard for maturity on Day 35. When the composting was finished, the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen in the pig manure was 14.64 and 16.43 respective- ly in the experimental and control group, and the organic matter content was about 45% for both. All these indexes could meet the standards for or- ganic fertilizer products. [ Conclusion] The self-developed microbial agent can moot the requirements for pig manure composting, and it can shorten the composting time by 5 -8 d compared with the commercial agent. In addition, the fertilizer product composted by the self-developed microbial a qent has lower water content and thereby is much more beneficial for preservation.

Preliminary Study on Mixed Use of Agaricus bisporus Residue and Microbial Agent to Control Cucumber Root-knot Nematode

Single or mixed use ofAgaricus bisporus residue and microbial agent had better control effect on cucumber root-knot nematode disease in greenhouse. The results showed that the control effect of single use of A. b/sporus residue was 32.9% - 34.7%, and the yield increasing rate was 2.1% - 8.7% ; the control effect of mixed use ofA. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was 59. 1% - 63. 6%, and yield increasing rate was 2.6% - 3.5%. The experimental dose had no ad- verse effects on soil physical and chemical properties. The mixed use of A. b/sporus residue and microbial agent was one of the effective ways to control root-knot nematode disease.

Effects of Different Microbial Agents on Aerobic Composting of Cow Manure

For the control of environment pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure, four microbial strains conducive to aerobic composting were selected and mixed into four compound microbial agents, and effects of different compound microbial agents on aerobic composting of cow manure were studied from aspects of changes in temperature, pH, water content and C/N during the composting process. The results show that microbial agent M2 has the best effect for aerobic composting of cow manure, so microbial agent M2 has broad popularization and application prospect in livestock and poultry farms in low-temperature areas of Northeast China.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Quinolino-Benzoxaboroles as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

Several quinolino-benzoxaborole derivatives have been prepared to start from aminobenzoxaboroles. These derivatives have been evaluated for their anti-cancer activity on human and murine cancer cell lines and based on their relative non-toxicity, these compounds were further evaluated for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, and M. smegmatis. The synthesized compounds were also evaluated for antifungal activity in C. albicans and C. neoformans.

Evaluation of rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit

The present study sought to assess the rational use of antimicrobial agents in a Brazilian intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with antimicrobial resistance in elderly patients admitted to the unit. Results: Choice of empiric and sensitivity-guided therapy was inadequate in > 80% and 59% of cases respectively. Inadequate antimicrobial therapy, whether empiric or sensitivity-guided, was positively correlated with bacterial resistance (r = 0.316;p = 0.001). Sensitivity testing revealed a 46.5% resistance rate to eight out of the ten most commonly used antibiotics. Multiple drug-resistant organisms were found in 40.8% of patients. A significant increase was observed in the number of multidrug-resistant samples between 2006/2007 and 2008 (r = 0.41, p = 0.006), (r = 0.598, p = 0.001), (r = 0.688, p = 0.00). Conclusion: We found a high rate of antibiotic misuse in the study sample. Inadequate therapy was correlated with resistance to antimicrobial agents.

棉隆熏蒸后添加微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响

为研究土壤消毒后添加不同微生物菌剂对草莓连作土壤中真菌多样性的影响,设置棉隆熏蒸后分别施用T1(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌+放线菌)、T2(哈茨木霉+枯草芽孢杆菌)、T3(哈茨木霉+放线菌)、T4(CK)、T5(枯草芽孢杆菌)、T6(放线菌)、T7(哈茨木霉)7个处理,采用高通量测序平台(Illumina HiSeq 2500),对土壤真菌群落及组成进行分析。结果表明:施用微生物菌剂可以增加真菌丰度、多样性和种群数量。与CK相比,单独施加菌剂T5、T6、T7均能提高真菌群落物种丰度;而施用混合菌剂T1、T3增加了物种丰度,T2会降低物种丰度。棉隆熏蒸后施用不同微生物菌剂均可增加土壤真菌多样性;与CK相比,除T2处理中真菌种群数量减少,其他微生物菌剂土壤真菌种群数量增加了5.62%~57.54%,各处理从高到低依次为T6、T7、T3、T1、T5、T2;棉隆熏蒸后施用含有枯草芽孢杆菌、放线菌、哈茨木霉微生物菌剂处理,土壤真菌种群数量和恢复速度显著增加,尤其是蜡蚧菌属、枝鼻菌属、酵母属、曲霉属有益菌属种群恢复速度加快。综上,草莓连作土壤经棉隆熏蒸消毒后添加微生物菌剂,对于重建耕作土壤微生物区系平衡和缓解连作障碍是一种科学有效的方法。

有机肥+生物炭+微生物菌剂配施对烤烟多酚和化学成分的影响

以云烟87为研究对象,采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置3个生物炭(900、1800、2700 kg/hm^(2))、3个微生物菌剂(30、60、90 kg/hm^(2))和3种有机肥(羊粪肥、芝麻饼肥、菜籽饼肥)组合成9个处理,并以无机肥为对照处理,研究了上述因素对烤后烟叶多酚类和常规化学成分的影响。结果表明:生物炭施用量是影响烤烟的多酚和化学成分含量的主效因素,随着生物炭施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖及各种多酚类物质含量均有所增加,施用2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭的整体表现较优。微生物菌剂也是重要的影响因素,随着微生物菌剂施用量的增加,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、多酚类、绿原酸含量均有所增加,施用60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂的整体表现较优。施用有机肥的影响则较小,其中,羊粪肥的表现相对较好。综上,最佳组合方式为2700 kg/hm^(2)生物炭+60 kg/hm^(2)微生物菌剂+羊粪肥,并且将其可应用于凉山产区烤烟的施肥管理中。

木霉微生物菌肥的制备及对玉米茎腐病的应用评价

以前期分离鉴定的生防菌株非洲哈茨木霉Tr35为研究对象,通过载体的筛选,制备木霉菌剂和木霉微生物菌肥。通过测定不同含量的木霉菌剂和木霉有机肥的株高、根长和鲜重,筛选促生效果明显的处理,并通过室内盆栽试验,评价其对玉米苗期茎腐病的防效。结果显示,玉米秸秆粉具有吸水性强、对Tr35无毒和高释放率的优点,与Tr35共同发酵制备木霉菌剂,当土与菌剂为5∶1时,促生效果明显,并对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达51.77%。菌剂土与腐熟羊粪为7∶1时的木霉有机肥促生效果最好,以该比例制备木霉微生物菌肥,对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达61.31%,该研究结果为Tr35菌剂和菌肥的应用开发提供了一定的前期基础。

露地辣椒生产固碳增活全程施肥方案

河北露地辣椒种植历史悠久,但生产中粗放的养分管理,导致土壤有机质消耗,植株抗逆性差,连作障碍频发。本文基于露地辣椒生产固碳增活施肥技术,围绕肥料养分均衡减量、有机替代固碳增效、菌剂滴灌沃土增活3项核心内容,从肥料养分总量推荐、有机物料多源配施、滴灌肥水协同运筹等方面制定了河北露地辣椒生产固碳增活全程施肥解决方案,并对比四种固碳技术模式应用效果,发现基施多样化来源的有机物料朝天椒增产效果优于单一有机物料,优选牛粪堆肥+秸秆类生物炭模式或牛粪堆肥+玉米秸秆+秸秆类生物炭技术模式(秸秆还田条件),以助力传统辣椒产区耕地保护与土壤质量提升,促进种植户养分管理由盲目粗放向合理精准转变。

复合菌剂的构建及其在沼液废水处理中的应用

通过摇瓶试验,对比研究了7株功能菌株对城市有机废弃物厌氧发酵沼液废水处理效果,并将其中4株效果较好的菌株进行复合菌剂构建,同时考察了复合菌剂最适吸附载体。结果表明:裂解亚氯酸假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chloritidismutans)对沼液氨氮(NH3-N)去除率最高,达85.1%,帚石南棒杆菌(Corynebacterium callunae)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus Meyer and Gottheil)对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率较高,分别为82.7%和76.1%,总磷(TP)去除率最高的是产气克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella aerogenes),为30.5%;4株优势菌组成的复合菌剂对沼液中氨氮的去除率达87.5%,COD去除率达86.4%,总磷的去除率达63.2%,极大地提升了处理能力;秸秆粉+玉米粉+硅藻土更适合做复合菌剂载体,有效活菌数最高,达到了2.91×108 CFU/g。

微生物菌剂对谷子生长及土壤酶活性的影响

为验证微生物菌剂在谷子生产上的应用效果,并筛选出最优菌剂,采用田间试验,以谷子品种嫩选21为参试材料,设置苗期灌施5种微生物菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和复合微生物菌剂)和不施菌剂(CK)共6个处理,分析不同处理下谷子农艺性状、产量性状、光合特性及土壤养分含量、酶活性等指标。结果表明,与CK相比,施入微生物菌剂后,土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著提高,脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性显著增强;5种微生物菌剂均能显著改善嫩选21的农艺性状(穗长、穗粗、株高、茎粗)、产量性状(穗重、穗粒重)及光合特性(净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO 2浓度),但对千粒重影响不显著;供试菌剂处理中复合微生物菌剂处理能够改善土壤肥力状况、提高酶活性,增加谷子产量,比CK增产16.86%,净收益增加24.21%。因此,复合微生物菌剂在玉米上有较好的应用效果,可应用于黑龙江省谷子大田高产栽培。

两种微生物菌剂不同灌根次数对马铃薯疮痂病防效试验

马铃薯疮痂病是影响天水地区马铃薯产量和商品属性最主要的土传病害。为了防治该病,本研究选取格兰克和菌动力两种微生物菌剂,比较不同灌根次数对天薯13号马铃薯疮痂病的防效。结果表明,与不灌根对照相比,微生物菌剂灌根处理均能提高马铃薯的产量,增产率为0.5%~21.5%;且能有效降低马铃薯疮痂病的发生率,对疮痂病的防效为44.8%~88.2%。其中,格兰克灌根两次(现蕾期和开花期各灌根1次)和菌动力灌根1次(现蕾期灌根1次)两个处理的效果较好,马铃薯产量分别较对照增加14.5%和21.5%,对马铃薯疮痂病的防效分别为88.2%和78.7%。

微生物菌剂对连作芹菜根际土壤真菌群落多样性与结构的影响

以宁南旱区连作4年芹菜根际土壤为研究对象,采用田间定位试验结合高通量测序技术,以常规施肥(CK)为对照,研究常规施肥+枯草·哈茨复合菌剂(MF),常规施肥+枯草芽孢杆菌(BS),常规施肥+哈茨木霉菌(TH)3个处理对芹菜连作根际土壤真菌多样性及群落组成的影响。结果表明:施用枯草·哈茨复合菌显著提高了土壤有效磷、速效钾含量,增幅分别为34.29%和9.98%。施用微生物菌剂增加了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,平均增幅分别为43.16%和12.98%,并显著改变了土壤真菌的β-多样性。被孢霉属(Mortierella)、织球壳属(Plectosphaerella)、赤霉菌属(Gibberella)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)是各处理优势菌属,施用枯草·哈茨复合菌显著降低了赤霉菌属、链格孢属、镰刀霉属等真菌性病原菌的相对丰度,降幅分别为59.88%、51.63%、36.13%。冗余分析表明土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性、pH值和全磷是影响真菌群落结构组成的主要驱动因子。综合而言,枯草·哈茨复合菌剂的施用不仅降低了连作芹菜根际土壤镰刀菌属、链格孢属、赤霉菌属等病原菌的富集,还通过改变有效磷、速效钾等土壤理化性质,进一步重塑土壤真菌群落结构。