Background: The caesarean section rate is an important factor that characterizes the effectiveness of the obstetric service. The large variability of the initial state of women in labor and the variety of indications ...Background: The caesarean section rate is an important factor that characterizes the effectiveness of the obstetric service. The large variability of the initial state of women in labor and the variety of indications for surgery does not allow us to identify the main determinants. We attempted to determine and analyzed the first data on the structure and frequency of caesarean section in Armenia in the hospital of the Erebоuni multidisciplinary clinic before the introduction of the M. Robson scale. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study of the history of childbirth in 38,111 patients registered at the Erebouni Medical Center for the period 2016-2021. The materials of the study were case histories, hospitalization materials and annual reports. Results: According to the obtained data, 80.5% of caesarean section operations were performed as planned. Only 14% of pregnant women were delivered by caesarean section according to absolute indications, the frequency of that in this maternity hospital increased from 36.77% to 44.95% over the analyzed period Conclusion: Thorough psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for childbirth, including those with a scar on the uterus after a previous cesarean section, can ensure a steady desire of women in labor for vaginal delivery, full mobilization of their own capabilities, and more trusting cooperation with medical staff.展开更多
"I came to China for the first time in 2012 when I was doing my master’s degree in Nanjing.The real China is full of all kinds of different things and is a good place for every kind of person."When talking ..."I came to China for the first time in 2012 when I was doing my master’s degree in Nanjing.The real China is full of all kinds of different things and is a good place for every kind of person."When talking about his impression of China,Hrant Abajyan,the Trade Representative of the Armenian Embassy in China,told China’s Foreign Trade:"Our doors are always open to all interested parties and people who want to be a part of Sino-Armenian relations,regardless of their sphere or sector of interest."展开更多
Today,half the world,almost all of the most developed countries and Western countries,formally recognizes the Armenian Genocide.In certain states of the USA and in some European countries,such as Switzerland,saying t...Today,half the world,almost all of the most developed countries and Western countries,formally recognizes the Armenian Genocide.In certain states of the USA and in some European countries,such as Switzerland,saying that“the genocide isn’t real”or even arguing about it is considered an offence will get you into prison.This is a behavior that does not comply with the moral code of the hypocritical West,which has been applying double standards for centuries.The Turks have faced the one-sided,brutal,and unrealistic accusations and oppression of the West for five centuries,and the same type of irrational impositions by both the USA and the European Union still continue to this day.The Turkish people are unprepared against the Armenian claims.The blind admiration to the West,the lack of foresight on the part of the leaders,and unfortunately the unresponsiveness of the Turkish society have always encouraged the West.This state of affairs should be stopped as soon as possible.展开更多
This article describes complex geological structure of the region where Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant (MNPP) in Armenia is located. This region of the Lesser Caucasus is characterized by high volcanic activity, tectoni...This article describes complex geological structure of the region where Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant (MNPP) in Armenia is located. This region of the Lesser Caucasus is characterized by high volcanic activity, tectonic stresses, and movements along the edges of active, highly seismic tectonic blocks. Moreover, this station literally sits on the active tectonic fault of compression type. When construction of the plant commenced, seismic risks were significantly understated. This fact was confirmed by destructive Spitak earthquake with over 25 thousand death tolls. Analysis of intensitys of the earthquakes in the area of the MNPP, their focal mechanisms and risks of movements along active tectonic faults is given in the article. With reference to numerous papers of Armenian, Russian and European researchers regarding seismic hazards and risks in the area of the Nuclear Power Plant, the conclusion about the soonest shutdown and conservation of Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant has been made.展开更多
The phenomenon of recurrent revolution in the post-Soviet political space deserves a new examination,as the Year 2019 marks not only 30 years since the chain of revolutions in Eastern Europe,but also the first anniver...The phenomenon of recurrent revolution in the post-Soviet political space deserves a new examination,as the Year 2019 marks not only 30 years since the chain of revolutions in Eastern Europe,but also the first anniversary of the revolution in Armenia.There are scant reasons to expect that economic underperformance or even a sharp spasm of crisis would bring any of the seven unmistakably authoritarian post-Soviet regimes to an abrupt end,but the deepening resentment against corruption could produce a powerful demand for change in the course of elections,which theses regimes feel obliged to stage.Manipulations of elections are the most common trigger for revolutions,but the big question of whether such explosions of social energy could deliver on the demand for change is set to remain open.展开更多
The monitoring of the Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus in Armenia,conducted during 2003-2019 shows that the species breeds in northern,north-eastern,central,southern,and south-eastern regions,inhabiting various decid...The monitoring of the Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus in Armenia,conducted during 2003-2019 shows that the species breeds in northern,north-eastern,central,southern,and south-eastern regions,inhabiting various deciduous and mixed woodlands at elevation range 1,200-2,300 m above sea level.The area of occupancy makes 5,110 km2.According to the last estimation,there are 48-72 breeding pairs of Booted Eagles in the country.The population trend during 2003-2019 demonstrates stability(p>0.05,n=21).Among 24 cases of three nests observed during 2011-2018,in 20 cases(83%)the nest consisted of two hatchlings,however in 11 nests out of those 20(55%)the older and stronger nestling was killing the younger and weaker one.The average breeding success makes 1.33±0.28 fledglings per occupied nest.Our questioning of hunters shows that poaching can be a threat for the species due to low level of education of local hunters.The present conservation measures are not enough.The conservation status of the species should remain the same:Vulnerable D1,but the proposed conservation measures should include:(1)nation-wide educational program on raptors;(2)increase of punishments for illegal hunting and trapping of the species;(3)setting up a state exam for the hunters to check their knowledge;(4)strengthening of Inspectorate for Nature Protection and Mineral Resources;(5)assisting farmers and pigeon breeders to improve facilities for protection of domestic birds.The continuous monitoring of the species remains essential to track its further population trend,and to indicate the efficiency of undertaken conservation measures.展开更多
The monitoring of Persian or Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia was conducted during 2003-2019.The species breeds at the foothills of Urts and Meghri mountain ridges at elevation range from 700 to 1,200 meters a...The monitoring of Persian or Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia was conducted during 2003-2019.The species breeds at the foothills of Urts and Meghri mountain ridges at elevation range from 700 to 1,200 meters above sea level and inhabits rocky semideserts.The total suitable habitat for Red-tailed Wheatear is estimated as 128.4 km2.The species disappeared at several gorges where larger scale new orchards have been launched.The population of Persian Wheatear makes from 70 to 105 breeding pairs.During last ten years the population shows moderate decline,p<0.05,which is mostly caused by launching of new orchards which occupy natural breeding habitat of the species.Although the species is evaluated as endangered in Armenian Red List,the existing conservation measures are insufficient and should include the following:(1)lobbying official adoption of the species distribution range into the Emerald Network protected under Bern Convention;(2)development of management plans for these Emerald Sites,which will consider a strict policy towards new orchards in the semi-deserts of Meghri and Urts mountains;(3)obligatory environmental impact assessment of any new orchard projects in those areas;(4)introduction of eco-friendly concepts in the horticulture in these areas.展开更多
It is important to predict how many individuals of a predator species can survive in a given area on the basis of prey sufficiency and to compare predictive estimates with actual numbers to understand whether or not k...It is important to predict how many individuals of a predator species can survive in a given area on the basis of prey sufficiency and to compare predictive estimates with actual numbers to understand whether or not key threats are related to prey availability.Rugged terrain and low detection probabilities do not allow for the use of traditional prey count techniques in mountain areas.We used presence–absence occupancy modeling and camera-trapping to estimate the abundance and densities of prey species and regression analysis to predict leopard(Panthera pardus)densities from estimated prey biomass in the mountains of the Nuvadi area,Meghri Ridge,southern Armenia.The prey densities were 12.94±2.18 individuals km–2 for the bezoar goat(Capra aegagrus),6.88±1.56 for the wild boar(Sus scrofa)and 0.44±0.20 for the roe deer(Capreolus capreolus).The detection probability of the prey was a strong function of the activity patterns,and was highest in diurnal bezoar goats(0.59±0.09).Based on robust regression,the estimated total ungulate prey biomass(720.37±142.72 kg km–2)can support a leopard density of 7.18±3.06 individuals 100 km–2.The actual leopard density is only 0.34 individuals 100 km–2(i.e.one subadult male recorded over the 296.9 km2),estimated from tracking and camera-trapping.The most plausible explanation for this discrepancy between predicted and actual leopard density is that poaching and disturbance caused by livestock breeding,plant gathering,deforestation and human-induced wild fires are affecting the leopard population in Armenia.展开更多
Being involved in the organization of IGCP 572 field workshops in Turkey(2009), in Oman(2010), as in the following IGCP 630 field workshops in Kashmir(India, 2014) and in Armenia(2017), I co-wrote for each of them det...Being involved in the organization of IGCP 572 field workshops in Turkey(2009), in Oman(2010), as in the following IGCP 630 field workshops in Kashmir(India, 2014) and in Armenia(2017), I co-wrote for each of them detailed guidebooks and extended reports that can be found and downloaded from Research Gate website. This paper summarizes the final results obtained by IGCP 572 and 630 members from these four important field workshop sites in the past 10 years, and also attempts to make recommendations for future studies based on these unique localities surrounding the Tethys Ocean. The first field workshop of IGCP 572 was organized in South Turkey in September, 2009, with the logistical support of Dr. Erdal Kosun from the Antalya University. Following the South Turkey field workshop, eight important papers have been published and concerned the well-preserved Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB) microbialites and their ecosystems(including ostracodes, brachiopods, and many of other clades). The 3 rd IGCP 572 annual field workshop was held during February, 2010 in the Sultanate of Oman, with Dr. Michaela Bernecker and the deep support from the Gu Tech University in Muscat. More than 15 papers have derived from the P-Tr successions that IGCP 572 members have investigated during this workshop, including the first study on oceanic acidification based on Boron isotopes. New paleontological studies are still on progress, and concern the Smithian ammonoids, Lower Triassic shark teeth and dental remains as well as basal Triassic conodonts, crinoids and ammonoids. The 1 st IGCP 630 annual field workshop was held during November, 2014 in Srinagar, Kashmir, and North India, with the helpful assistance of Prof. Ghulam Bhat from Jammu University. This meeting renewed studies on the classic Guryul Ravine and adjacent P-Tr boundary sections in that region, with new geochemical works on carbon isotopes and pyrite framboids as well as a detailed Induan conodont taxonomy and zonation. Other new paleontological works concern the palynology of the Guryul Ravine Section as some well-preserved organic eukariotic protist(thecamoebians) that cross without damage the PTB. Lilit Sahakyan, Aymon Baud, and Zhong-Qiang Chen organized the 5 th IGCP 630 annual conference and field workshop in Armenia on October 8–14, 2017. Several PTB and Lower Triassic sections have been systematically sampled for biogeochemical and geobiological studies. These Armenian sections provide unique paleoenvironmental settings that have the longest record, from Griesbachian to Dienerian, of microbial proliferation following the P-Tr mass extinction in the world. The basal Triassic giant sponge-microbial build-ups are encouraging more comprehensive studies on metazoan-microbial reef developments after the greatest extinction event.展开更多
文摘Background: The caesarean section rate is an important factor that characterizes the effectiveness of the obstetric service. The large variability of the initial state of women in labor and the variety of indications for surgery does not allow us to identify the main determinants. We attempted to determine and analyzed the first data on the structure and frequency of caesarean section in Armenia in the hospital of the Erebоuni multidisciplinary clinic before the introduction of the M. Robson scale. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective study of the history of childbirth in 38,111 patients registered at the Erebouni Medical Center for the period 2016-2021. The materials of the study were case histories, hospitalization materials and annual reports. Results: According to the obtained data, 80.5% of caesarean section operations were performed as planned. Only 14% of pregnant women were delivered by caesarean section according to absolute indications, the frequency of that in this maternity hospital increased from 36.77% to 44.95% over the analyzed period Conclusion: Thorough psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for childbirth, including those with a scar on the uterus after a previous cesarean section, can ensure a steady desire of women in labor for vaginal delivery, full mobilization of their own capabilities, and more trusting cooperation with medical staff.
文摘"I came to China for the first time in 2012 when I was doing my master’s degree in Nanjing.The real China is full of all kinds of different things and is a good place for every kind of person."When talking about his impression of China,Hrant Abajyan,the Trade Representative of the Armenian Embassy in China,told China’s Foreign Trade:"Our doors are always open to all interested parties and people who want to be a part of Sino-Armenian relations,regardless of their sphere or sector of interest."
文摘Today,half the world,almost all of the most developed countries and Western countries,formally recognizes the Armenian Genocide.In certain states of the USA and in some European countries,such as Switzerland,saying that“the genocide isn’t real”or even arguing about it is considered an offence will get you into prison.This is a behavior that does not comply with the moral code of the hypocritical West,which has been applying double standards for centuries.The Turks have faced the one-sided,brutal,and unrealistic accusations and oppression of the West for five centuries,and the same type of irrational impositions by both the USA and the European Union still continue to this day.The Turkish people are unprepared against the Armenian claims.The blind admiration to the West,the lack of foresight on the part of the leaders,and unfortunately the unresponsiveness of the Turkish society have always encouraged the West.This state of affairs should be stopped as soon as possible.
文摘This article describes complex geological structure of the region where Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant (MNPP) in Armenia is located. This region of the Lesser Caucasus is characterized by high volcanic activity, tectonic stresses, and movements along the edges of active, highly seismic tectonic blocks. Moreover, this station literally sits on the active tectonic fault of compression type. When construction of the plant commenced, seismic risks were significantly understated. This fact was confirmed by destructive Spitak earthquake with over 25 thousand death tolls. Analysis of intensitys of the earthquakes in the area of the MNPP, their focal mechanisms and risks of movements along active tectonic faults is given in the article. With reference to numerous papers of Armenian, Russian and European researchers regarding seismic hazards and risks in the area of the Nuclear Power Plant, the conclusion about the soonest shutdown and conservation of Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant has been made.
文摘The phenomenon of recurrent revolution in the post-Soviet political space deserves a new examination,as the Year 2019 marks not only 30 years since the chain of revolutions in Eastern Europe,but also the first anniversary of the revolution in Armenia.There are scant reasons to expect that economic underperformance or even a sharp spasm of crisis would bring any of the seven unmistakably authoritarian post-Soviet regimes to an abrupt end,but the deepening resentment against corruption could produce a powerful demand for change in the course of elections,which theses regimes feel obliged to stage.Manipulations of elections are the most common trigger for revolutions,but the big question of whether such explosions of social energy could deliver on the demand for change is set to remain open.
文摘The monitoring of the Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus in Armenia,conducted during 2003-2019 shows that the species breeds in northern,north-eastern,central,southern,and south-eastern regions,inhabiting various deciduous and mixed woodlands at elevation range 1,200-2,300 m above sea level.The area of occupancy makes 5,110 km2.According to the last estimation,there are 48-72 breeding pairs of Booted Eagles in the country.The population trend during 2003-2019 demonstrates stability(p>0.05,n=21).Among 24 cases of three nests observed during 2011-2018,in 20 cases(83%)the nest consisted of two hatchlings,however in 11 nests out of those 20(55%)the older and stronger nestling was killing the younger and weaker one.The average breeding success makes 1.33±0.28 fledglings per occupied nest.Our questioning of hunters shows that poaching can be a threat for the species due to low level of education of local hunters.The present conservation measures are not enough.The conservation status of the species should remain the same:Vulnerable D1,but the proposed conservation measures should include:(1)nation-wide educational program on raptors;(2)increase of punishments for illegal hunting and trapping of the species;(3)setting up a state exam for the hunters to check their knowledge;(4)strengthening of Inspectorate for Nature Protection and Mineral Resources;(5)assisting farmers and pigeon breeders to improve facilities for protection of domestic birds.The continuous monitoring of the species remains essential to track its further population trend,and to indicate the efficiency of undertaken conservation measures.
基金The monitoring of the species in Armenia is supported by members of the Armenian Birdwatching Association Data archiving is supported by Observation FoundationDuring 2015-2017 the survey was also supported by European Bird Census Council(EBCC)through a grant from the MAVA Foundation for the European Breeding Bird Atlas 2The administrative support during study of the species was provided by National Park Arevik and Ministry of Environment of RA.
文摘The monitoring of Persian or Red-tailed Wheatear Oenanthe chrysopygia was conducted during 2003-2019.The species breeds at the foothills of Urts and Meghri mountain ridges at elevation range from 700 to 1,200 meters above sea level and inhabits rocky semideserts.The total suitable habitat for Red-tailed Wheatear is estimated as 128.4 km2.The species disappeared at several gorges where larger scale new orchards have been launched.The population of Persian Wheatear makes from 70 to 105 breeding pairs.During last ten years the population shows moderate decline,p<0.05,which is mostly caused by launching of new orchards which occupy natural breeding habitat of the species.Although the species is evaluated as endangered in Armenian Red List,the existing conservation measures are insufficient and should include the following:(1)lobbying official adoption of the species distribution range into the Emerald Network protected under Bern Convention;(2)development of management plans for these Emerald Sites,which will consider a strict policy towards new orchards in the semi-deserts of Meghri and Urts mountains;(3)obligatory environmental impact assessment of any new orchard projects in those areas;(4)introduction of eco-friendly concepts in the horticulture in these areas.
文摘It is important to predict how many individuals of a predator species can survive in a given area on the basis of prey sufficiency and to compare predictive estimates with actual numbers to understand whether or not key threats are related to prey availability.Rugged terrain and low detection probabilities do not allow for the use of traditional prey count techniques in mountain areas.We used presence–absence occupancy modeling and camera-trapping to estimate the abundance and densities of prey species and regression analysis to predict leopard(Panthera pardus)densities from estimated prey biomass in the mountains of the Nuvadi area,Meghri Ridge,southern Armenia.The prey densities were 12.94±2.18 individuals km–2 for the bezoar goat(Capra aegagrus),6.88±1.56 for the wild boar(Sus scrofa)and 0.44±0.20 for the roe deer(Capreolus capreolus).The detection probability of the prey was a strong function of the activity patterns,and was highest in diurnal bezoar goats(0.59±0.09).Based on robust regression,the estimated total ungulate prey biomass(720.37±142.72 kg km–2)can support a leopard density of 7.18±3.06 individuals 100 km–2.The actual leopard density is only 0.34 individuals 100 km–2(i.e.one subadult male recorded over the 296.9 km2),estimated from tracking and camera-trapping.The most plausible explanation for this discrepancy between predicted and actual leopard density is that poaching and disturbance caused by livestock breeding,plant gathering,deforestation and human-induced wild fires are affecting the leopard population in Armenia.
文摘Being involved in the organization of IGCP 572 field workshops in Turkey(2009), in Oman(2010), as in the following IGCP 630 field workshops in Kashmir(India, 2014) and in Armenia(2017), I co-wrote for each of them detailed guidebooks and extended reports that can be found and downloaded from Research Gate website. This paper summarizes the final results obtained by IGCP 572 and 630 members from these four important field workshop sites in the past 10 years, and also attempts to make recommendations for future studies based on these unique localities surrounding the Tethys Ocean. The first field workshop of IGCP 572 was organized in South Turkey in September, 2009, with the logistical support of Dr. Erdal Kosun from the Antalya University. Following the South Turkey field workshop, eight important papers have been published and concerned the well-preserved Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB) microbialites and their ecosystems(including ostracodes, brachiopods, and many of other clades). The 3 rd IGCP 572 annual field workshop was held during February, 2010 in the Sultanate of Oman, with Dr. Michaela Bernecker and the deep support from the Gu Tech University in Muscat. More than 15 papers have derived from the P-Tr successions that IGCP 572 members have investigated during this workshop, including the first study on oceanic acidification based on Boron isotopes. New paleontological studies are still on progress, and concern the Smithian ammonoids, Lower Triassic shark teeth and dental remains as well as basal Triassic conodonts, crinoids and ammonoids. The 1 st IGCP 630 annual field workshop was held during November, 2014 in Srinagar, Kashmir, and North India, with the helpful assistance of Prof. Ghulam Bhat from Jammu University. This meeting renewed studies on the classic Guryul Ravine and adjacent P-Tr boundary sections in that region, with new geochemical works on carbon isotopes and pyrite framboids as well as a detailed Induan conodont taxonomy and zonation. Other new paleontological works concern the palynology of the Guryul Ravine Section as some well-preserved organic eukariotic protist(thecamoebians) that cross without damage the PTB. Lilit Sahakyan, Aymon Baud, and Zhong-Qiang Chen organized the 5 th IGCP 630 annual conference and field workshop in Armenia on October 8–14, 2017. Several PTB and Lower Triassic sections have been systematically sampled for biogeochemical and geobiological studies. These Armenian sections provide unique paleoenvironmental settings that have the longest record, from Griesbachian to Dienerian, of microbial proliferation following the P-Tr mass extinction in the world. The basal Triassic giant sponge-microbial build-ups are encouraging more comprehensive studies on metazoan-microbial reef developments after the greatest extinction event.
