Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)is one of the most powerful experimental techniques in condensed matter physics.Synchrotron ARPES,which uses photons with high flux and continuously tunable energy,has b...Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)is one of the most powerful experimental techniques in condensed matter physics.Synchrotron ARPES,which uses photons with high flux and continuously tunable energy,has become particularly important.However,an excellent synchrotron ARPES system must have features such as a small beam spot,super-high energy resolution,and a user-friendly operation interface.A synchrotron beamline and an endstation(BL03 U)were designed and constructed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beam spot size at the sample position is 7.5(V)μm×67(H)μm,and the fundamental photon range is 7-165 eV;the ARPES system enables photoemission with an energy resolution of 2.67 meV at21.2 eV.In addition,the ARPES system of this endstation is equipped with a six-axis cryogenic sample manipulator(the lowest temperature is 7 K)and is integrated with an oxide molecular beam epitaxy system and a scanning tunneling microscope,which can provide an advanced platform for in situ characterization of the fine electronic structure of condensed matter.展开更多
In iron-based superconductor Fe(Se,Te), a flat band-like feature near the Fermi level was observed around the Brillouin zone center in the superconducting state. It is under debate whether this is the evidence on the ...In iron-based superconductor Fe(Se,Te), a flat band-like feature near the Fermi level was observed around the Brillouin zone center in the superconducting state. It is under debate whether this is the evidence on the presence of the BCS–BEC[Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer(BCS), Bose–Einstein condensation(BEC)] crossover in the superconductor. High-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on high quality single crystals of FeSe_(0.45)Te_(0.55) superconductor to address the issue. By employing different polarization geometries, we have resolved and isolated the dyz band and the topological surface band, making it possible to study their superconducting behaviors separately. The dyz band alone does not form a flat band-like feature in the superconducting state and the measured dispersion can be well described by the BCS picture. We find that the flat band-like feature is formed from the combination of the dyz band and the topological surface state band in the superconducting state. These results reveal the origin of the flat band-like feature and rule out the presence of BCS-BEC crossover in Fe(Se,Te) superconductor.展开更多
工业控制系统(Industrial Control System,ICS)的安全保障能力与其关乎国计民生的重要地位,具有极不协调的反差。为了揭示ICS潜在的攻击结构和方法,使得ICS防御策略研究更具实用性和针对性,将虚假数据注入(False Data Injection,FDI)攻...工业控制系统(Industrial Control System,ICS)的安全保障能力与其关乎国计民生的重要地位,具有极不协调的反差。为了揭示ICS潜在的攻击结构和方法,使得ICS防御策略研究更具实用性和针对性,将虚假数据注入(False Data Injection,FDI)攻击研究面向ICS,建立一种隐蔽的FDI攻击模型,可以在不影响ICS正常通信情况下注入虚假数据篡改监控变量。遵循该攻击模型,在煤制甲醇仿真工厂进行了验证实验,证明威胁切实存在,且难以察觉;同时,分析了威胁的严重性并讨论了防御措施。展开更多
Recently we developed a technique of ozone/vacuum annealing to continuously change the doping level of the surface of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x)and measured a nearly whole superconducting dome on one surface by in-situ ang...Recently we developed a technique of ozone/vacuum annealing to continuously change the doping level of the surface of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x)and measured a nearly whole superconducting dome on one surface by in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy [arXiv: 1805.06450]. Here we study the evolution of the electronic structures of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+)xusing this technique together with tight binding fits. The tight binding parameters are extracted to study their evolution with doping.展开更多
Magnetic topological states of matter provide a fertile playground for emerging topological physics and phenomena.The current main focus is on materials whose magnetism stems from 3d magnetic transition elements,e.g.,...Magnetic topological states of matter provide a fertile playground for emerging topological physics and phenomena.The current main focus is on materials whose magnetism stems from 3d magnetic transition elements,e.g.,MnBi_(2)Te_(4),Fe_(3)Sn_(2),and Co_(3)Sn_(2)S_(2).In contrast,topological materials with the magnetism from rare earth elements remain largely unexplored.Here we report rare earth antiferromagnet GdAuAl_(4)Ge_(2)as a candidate magnetic topological metal.Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)and first-principles calculations have revealed multiple bulk bands crossing the Fermi level and pairs of low energy surface states.According to the parity and Wannier charge center analyses,these bulk bands possess nontrivial Z2 topology,establishing a strong topological insulator state in the nonmagnetic phase.Furthermore,the surface band pairs exhibit strong termination dependence which provides insight into their origin.Our results suggest GdAuAl_(4)Ge_(2)as a rare earth platform to explore the interplay between band topology,magnetism and f electron correlation,calling for further study targeting on its magnetic structure,magnetic topology state,transport behavior,and microscopic properties.展开更多
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)gained widespread attention because of their electron-correlationrelated physics,such as charge density wave(CDW),superconductivity,etc.In this paper,we report the high-r...Layered transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)gained widespread attention because of their electron-correlationrelated physics,such as charge density wave(CDW),superconductivity,etc.In this paper,we report the high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)studies on the electronic structure of Ti-doped 1T-Ti_(x)Ta_(1-x)S_(2) with different doping levels.We observe a flat band that originates from the formation of the star of David super-cell at the x=5%sample at the low temperature.With the increasing Ti doping levels,the flat band vanishes in the x=8%sample due to the extra hole carrier.We also find the band shift and variation of the CDW gap caused by the Ti-doping.Meanwhile,the band folding positions and the CDW vector g_(CDW)intact.Our ARPES results suggest that the localized flat band and the correlation effect in the 1T-TMDCs could be tuned by changing the filling factor through the doping electron or hole carriers.The Ti-doped 1T-Ti_(x)Ta_(1-x)S_(2) provides a platform to fine-tune the electronic structure evolution and a new insight into the strongly correlated physics in the TMDC materials.展开更多
Ruddlesden-Popper iridate Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)is a spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator.Hole doped Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)provides an ideal platform to study the exotic quantum phenomena that occur near the metal-insulator transi...Ruddlesden-Popper iridate Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)is a spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator.Hole doped Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)provides an ideal platform to study the exotic quantum phenomena that occur near the metal-insulator transition(MIT)region.Rh substitution of Ir is an effective method to induce hole doping into Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7).However,the highest doping level reported in Sr_(3)(Ir_(1-x)Rh_(x))_(2)O_(7)single crystals was only around 3%,which is far from the MIT region.In this paper,we report the successful growth of single crystals of Sr3(Ir_(1-x)Rh_(x))_(2)O_(7)with a doping level of~9%.The samples have been fully characterized,demonstrating the high quality of the single crystals.Transport measurements have been carried out,confirming the tendency of MIT in these samples.The electronic structure has also been examined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements.Our results establish a platform to investigate the heavily hole doped Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7) compound,which also provide new insights into the MIT with hole doping in this material system.展开更多
Deep learning(DL)is a subdivision of machine learning(ML)that employs numerous algorithms,each of which provides various explanations of the data it consumes;mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET)are growing in promi-nence.For...Deep learning(DL)is a subdivision of machine learning(ML)that employs numerous algorithms,each of which provides various explanations of the data it consumes;mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET)are growing in promi-nence.For reasons including node mobility,due to MANET’s potential to provide small-cost solutions for real-world contact challenges,decentralized management,and restricted bandwidth,MANETs are more vulnerable to security threats.When protecting MANETs from attack,encryption and authentication schemes have their limits.However,deep learning(DL)approaches in intrusion detection sys-tems(IDS)can adapt to the changing environment of MANETs and allow a sys-tem to make intrusion decisions while learning about its mobility in the environment.IDSs are a secondary defiance system for mobile ad-hoc networks vs.attacks since they monitor network traffic and report anything unusual.Recently,many scientists have employed deep neural networks(DNNs)to address intrusion detection concerns.This paper used MANET to recognize com-plex patterns by focusing on security standards through efficiency determination and identifying malicious nodes,and mitigating network attacks using the three algorithms presented Cascading Back Propagation Neural Network(CBPNN),Feedforward-Neural-Network(FNN),and Cascading-Back-Propagation-Neural-Network(CBPNN)(FFNN).In addition to Convolutional-Neural-Network(CNN),these primary forms of deep neural network(DNN)building designs are widely used to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems(IDS)and the use of IDS in conjunction with machine learning(ML).Further-more,machine learning(ML)techniques than their statistical and logical methods provide MANET network learning capabilities and encourage adaptation to differ-ent environments.Compared with another current model,The proposed model has better average receiving packet(ARP)and end-to-end(E2E)performance.The results have been obtained from CBP,FFNN and CNN 74%,82%and 85%,respectively,by the time(27,18,and 17 s).展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of the MOST of China(No.2016YFA0300204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11227902)as part of the SiP·ME2 beamline project。
文摘Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)is one of the most powerful experimental techniques in condensed matter physics.Synchrotron ARPES,which uses photons with high flux and continuously tunable energy,has become particularly important.However,an excellent synchrotron ARPES system must have features such as a small beam spot,super-high energy resolution,and a user-friendly operation interface.A synchrotron beamline and an endstation(BL03 U)were designed and constructed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.The beam spot size at the sample position is 7.5(V)μm×67(H)μm,and the fundamental photon range is 7-165 eV;the ARPES system enables photoemission with an energy resolution of 2.67 meV at21.2 eV.In addition,the ARPES system of this endstation is equipped with a six-axis cryogenic sample manipulator(the lowest temperature is 7 K)and is integrated with an oxide molecular beam epitaxy system and a scanning tunneling microscope,which can provide an advanced platform for in situ characterization of the fine electronic structure of condensed matter.
基金Projects supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(GrantNos.2021YFA1401800,2022YFA1604200,2022YFA1403900,and2023YFA1406000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12488201,12374066,12074411,and 12374154)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301800)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2021006)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
文摘In iron-based superconductor Fe(Se,Te), a flat band-like feature near the Fermi level was observed around the Brillouin zone center in the superconducting state. It is under debate whether this is the evidence on the presence of the BCS–BEC[Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer(BCS), Bose–Einstein condensation(BEC)] crossover in the superconductor. High-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on high quality single crystals of FeSe_(0.45)Te_(0.55) superconductor to address the issue. By employing different polarization geometries, we have resolved and isolated the dyz band and the topological surface band, making it possible to study their superconducting behaviors separately. The dyz band alone does not form a flat band-like feature in the superconducting state and the measured dispersion can be well described by the BCS picture. We find that the flat band-like feature is formed from the combination of the dyz band and the topological surface state band in the superconducting state. These results reveal the origin of the flat band-like feature and rule out the presence of BCS-BEC crossover in Fe(Se,Te) superconductor.
文摘工业控制系统(Industrial Control System,ICS)的安全保障能力与其关乎国计民生的重要地位,具有极不协调的反差。为了揭示ICS潜在的攻击结构和方法,使得ICS防御策略研究更具实用性和针对性,将虚假数据注入(False Data Injection,FDI)攻击研究面向ICS,建立一种隐蔽的FDI攻击模型,可以在不影响ICS正常通信情况下注入虚假数据篡改监控变量。遵循该攻击模型,在煤制甲醇仿真工厂进行了验证实验,证明威胁切实存在,且难以察觉;同时,分析了威胁的严重性并讨论了防御措施。
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0401000,2016YFA0300600,2015CB921300,and 2015CB921000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11227903,and 11574371)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB07000000,and XDPB08-1)
文摘Recently we developed a technique of ozone/vacuum annealing to continuously change the doping level of the surface of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x)and measured a nearly whole superconducting dome on one surface by in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy [arXiv: 1805.06450]. Here we study the evolution of the electronic structures of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+)xusing this technique together with tight binding fits. The tight binding parameters are extracted to study their evolution with doping.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFA1403700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074163)+2 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grants Nos. 2022B1515020046, 2022B1515130005, and 2021B1515130007)the Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2019ZT08C044)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929173815000)
文摘Magnetic topological states of matter provide a fertile playground for emerging topological physics and phenomena.The current main focus is on materials whose magnetism stems from 3d magnetic transition elements,e.g.,MnBi_(2)Te_(4),Fe_(3)Sn_(2),and Co_(3)Sn_(2)S_(2).In contrast,topological materials with the magnetism from rare earth elements remain largely unexplored.Here we report rare earth antiferromagnet GdAuAl_(4)Ge_(2)as a candidate magnetic topological metal.Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)and first-principles calculations have revealed multiple bulk bands crossing the Fermi level and pairs of low energy surface states.According to the parity and Wannier charge center analyses,these bulk bands possess nontrivial Z2 topology,establishing a strong topological insulator state in the nonmagnetic phase.Furthermore,the surface band pairs exhibit strong termination dependence which provides insight into their origin.Our results suggest GdAuAl_(4)Ge_(2)as a rare earth platform to explore the interplay between band topology,magnetism and f electron correlation,calling for further study targeting on its magnetic structure,magnetic topology state,transport behavior,and microscopic properties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274455,11774421,21622304,61674045,11604063,and 12074116)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0200700 and 2022YFA1403800)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences,CAS)(Grant No.XDB30000000)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.21XNLG27)。
文摘Layered transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs)gained widespread attention because of their electron-correlationrelated physics,such as charge density wave(CDW),superconductivity,etc.In this paper,we report the high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)studies on the electronic structure of Ti-doped 1T-Ti_(x)Ta_(1-x)S_(2) with different doping levels.We observe a flat band that originates from the formation of the star of David super-cell at the x=5%sample at the low temperature.With the increasing Ti doping levels,the flat band vanishes in the x=8%sample due to the extra hole carrier.We also find the band shift and variation of the CDW gap caused by the Ti-doping.Meanwhile,the band folding positions and the CDW vector g_(CDW)intact.Our ARPES results suggest that the localized flat band and the correlation effect in the 1T-TMDCs could be tuned by changing the filling factor through the doping electron or hole carriers.The Ti-doped 1T-Ti_(x)Ta_(1-x)S_(2) provides a platform to fine-tune the electronic structure evolution and a new insight into the strongly correlated physics in the TMDC materials.
基金supported by the USTC start-up fundthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074358 and 12004363)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK3510000008 and WK2030000035)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302802)supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No.DEAC02-76SF00515。
文摘Ruddlesden-Popper iridate Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)is a spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator.Hole doped Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7)provides an ideal platform to study the exotic quantum phenomena that occur near the metal-insulator transition(MIT)region.Rh substitution of Ir is an effective method to induce hole doping into Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7).However,the highest doping level reported in Sr_(3)(Ir_(1-x)Rh_(x))_(2)O_(7)single crystals was only around 3%,which is far from the MIT region.In this paper,we report the successful growth of single crystals of Sr3(Ir_(1-x)Rh_(x))_(2)O_(7)with a doping level of~9%.The samples have been fully characterized,demonstrating the high quality of the single crystals.Transport measurements have been carried out,confirming the tendency of MIT in these samples.The electronic structure has also been examined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements.Our results establish a platform to investigate the heavily hole doped Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_(7) compound,which also provide new insights into the MIT with hole doping in this material system.
文摘Deep learning(DL)is a subdivision of machine learning(ML)that employs numerous algorithms,each of which provides various explanations of the data it consumes;mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET)are growing in promi-nence.For reasons including node mobility,due to MANET’s potential to provide small-cost solutions for real-world contact challenges,decentralized management,and restricted bandwidth,MANETs are more vulnerable to security threats.When protecting MANETs from attack,encryption and authentication schemes have their limits.However,deep learning(DL)approaches in intrusion detection sys-tems(IDS)can adapt to the changing environment of MANETs and allow a sys-tem to make intrusion decisions while learning about its mobility in the environment.IDSs are a secondary defiance system for mobile ad-hoc networks vs.attacks since they monitor network traffic and report anything unusual.Recently,many scientists have employed deep neural networks(DNNs)to address intrusion detection concerns.This paper used MANET to recognize com-plex patterns by focusing on security standards through efficiency determination and identifying malicious nodes,and mitigating network attacks using the three algorithms presented Cascading Back Propagation Neural Network(CBPNN),Feedforward-Neural-Network(FNN),and Cascading-Back-Propagation-Neural-Network(CBPNN)(FFNN).In addition to Convolutional-Neural-Network(CNN),these primary forms of deep neural network(DNN)building designs are widely used to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems(IDS)and the use of IDS in conjunction with machine learning(ML).Further-more,machine learning(ML)techniques than their statistical and logical methods provide MANET network learning capabilities and encourage adaptation to differ-ent environments.Compared with another current model,The proposed model has better average receiving packet(ARP)and end-to-end(E2E)performance.The results have been obtained from CBP,FFNN and CNN 74%,82%and 85%,respectively,by the time(27,18,and 17 s).
