Aspirin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting platelet activity

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common malignant liver disease in the world.Platelets(PLTs)are known to play a key role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the pathophysiological processes of a variety of liver diseases.Aspirin is the most classic antiplatelet agent.However,the molecular mechanism of platelet action and whether aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity need further study.AIM To explore the impact of the antiplatelet effect of aspirin on the development of HCC.METHODS Platelet-rich plasma,platelet plasma,pure platelet,and platelet lysate were prepared,and a coculture model of PLTs and HCC cells was established.CCK-8 analysis,apoptosis analysis,Transwell analysis,and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were used to analyze the effects of PLTs on the growth,metastasis,and inflammatory microenvironment of HCC.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the effects of platelet activation on tumor-related signaling pathways.Aspirin was used to block the activation and aggregation of PLTs both in vitro and in vivo,and the effect of PLTs on the progression of HCC RESULTS PLTs significantly promoted the growth,invasion,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and formation of an inflammatory microenvironment in HCC cells.Activated PLTs promoted HCC progression by activating the mitogenactivated protein kinase/protein kinase B/signal transducer and activator of transcription three(MAPK/AKT/STAT3)signaling axis.Additionally,aspirin inhibited HCC progression in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting platelet activation.CONCLUSION PLTs play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC,and aspirin can affect HCC progression by inhibiting platelet activity.These results suggest that antiplatelet therapy has promising application prospects in the treatment and combined treatment of HCC.

Aspirin interruption before neurosurgical interventions:A controversial problem

Aspirin is widely used for primary or secondary prevention of ischemic events.At the same time,chronic aspirin consumption can affect blood clot formation during surgical intervention and increase intraoperative blood loss.This is especially important for high-risk surgery,including neurosurgery.Current European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend aspirin interruption for at least 7 d before neurosurgical intervention,but this suggestion is not supported by clinical evidence.This narrative review presents evidence that challenges the necessity for aspirin interruption in neurosurgical patients,describes options for aspirin effect monitoring and the clinical implication of these methods,and summarizes current clinical data on bleeding risk associated with chronic aspirin therapy in neurosurgical patients,including brain tumor surgery,cerebrovascular procedures,and spinal surgery.

Therapeutic effect and psychological impact of aspirin plus edaravone on patients with cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction(CI)is characterized by a high prevalence,disability,and mortality.Timely or improper treatment greatly affects patient prognosis.AIM To explore the drug efficacy of aspirin plus edaravone and to explore their effect on quality of life(QOL),anxiety and depression in CI patients.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of 124 CI patients treated between June 2019 and February 2021 who were assigned to an observation group(OG)(combination therapy of aspirin and edaravone,65 patients)or a control group(CG)(aspirin monotherapy,59 patients).The therapeutic effects,pre-and posttreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores,activities of daily living,degree of cognitive impairment,protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and S-100B,occurrence of adverse reactions,and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere evaluated,detected and compared between the two groups.Finally,posttreatment QOL,anxiety,and depression were assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Scale,Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS),and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),respectively.RESULTS Compared with the CG,the OG had markedly better therapeutic effects,greater improvements in activities of daily living,and better alleviation in cognitive dysfunction after treatment,as well as lower posttreatment NIHSS scores and serum NSE,GFAP,S-100B,hs-CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels;the OG was similar to the CG in terms of adverse reactions but was better than the CG in terms of posttreatment QOL;and the OG also had lower SDS and SAS scores than the CG after treatment.CONCLUSION Aspirin plus edaravone had a good curative effect on CI.It can reverse cranial nerve damage in patients,improve neurological function and prognosis,and alleviate inflammation,anxiety,and depression;thus,it is considered safe and worthy of clinical application.

Distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with aspirin antiplatelet in the Han NSTEMI population

Objective:To analyze the genotype and allele distribution characteristics of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331),and PTGS1(rs10306114)genes related to the antiplatelet pharmacological effects of aspirin,providing reference for individualized treatment of Chinese Han NSTEMI patients.Methods:A total of 107 Han patients with NSTEMI in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The genotypes of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331)and PTGS1(rs10306114)were detected by fluorescence staining in situ hybridization.The frequency distribution and allele distribution of genotype were analyzed.The results were analyzed whether there were statistical differences in the distribution of related alleles between the Han NSTEMI population and some populations in the 1000 Genomes database.Results:In the Han NSTEMI population,the genotype frequencies of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)locus were TT 97.20%,TC 2.80%and CC 0%,the allele frequencies were T 98.60%and C 1.40%.The genotype frequencies of PEAR1(rs12041331)locus were GG 42.06%,GA 44.86%and AA 13.08%,the allele frequencies were G 64.49%and A 35.51%.The genotypes at the PTGS1(rs10306114)locus were all AA(100%),no AG or GG genotype was found.Conclusion:In the NSTEMI population of Han nationality,the mutation at GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)site related to aspirin antiplatelet pharmacology is rare,and there is no mutation at PTGS1(rs10306114)site.Wild homozygotes are dominant in these two gene loci,while mutations in PEAR1(rs12041331)are more common.Some of the findings in this study are similar to those in previous reports or other populations included in the relevant database;however,some results differ from previous reports or other populations。

Application of aspirin and low molecular weight heparin in major orthopedic surgery:Meta analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Objective:The perioperative period of major orthopedic surgery is associated with a high risk of thrombosis,but the best chemopreventive agent for thrombosis prophylaxis is still inconclusive.For this reason,this paper evaluated the efficacy and safety of aspirin versus low-molecular heparin using a Meta-analysis.Methods:Ten randomized controlled studies on the application of aspirin and low-molecular heparin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in orthopedic major surgery were retrieved by computer searches of PubMed,CochraneLibrary,WebofScience,China Knowledge Network,Wanfang,and Vipul databases according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the literature was managed using Endnote software,and the data were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software was used to perform Meta-analysis of the extracted data,focusing on the effects of these two drugs on pulmonary embolism,deep vein thrombosis,major bleeding events,minor bleeding events,wound complications,mortality and blood loss within 90 days after major orthopedic surgery.Results:(1)Ten randomized controlled trials of high quality were included,with a total of 12,974 patients,7,026 in the aspirin group and 5,948 in the low-molecular heparin group;(2)Meta-analysis showed that aspirin had a higher incidence of pulmonary embolism(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.02 to 2.49,P=0.04)and deep vein thrombosis(OR=1.60,95%CI:1.26 to 2.02,P=0.0001)than low molecular heparin;(3)The incidence of major bleeding events(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.47 to 1.55,P=0.60),minor bleeding events(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.55 to 1.12,P=0.18),adverse wound reactions(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.48 to 1.31,P=0.36),mortality within 90 days(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.20 to 2.31,P=0.55)and perioperative blood loss(MD=0.69,95%CI:0.20 to 2.31,P=0.55)in both drug groups,mortality within 90 days(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.20 to 2.31,P=0.55)and perioperative blood loss(MD=0.69,95%CI:0.20 to 2.31,P=0.55)were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Low-molecular heparin was superior to aspirin in the prevention of pulmonary embolism and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after major orthopedic surgery,but the safety and adverse drug reactions of both groups were basically similar.Based on this,the authors recommend that low-molecular heparin should be preferred for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in major orthopaedic surgery;however,the inclusion of randomized controlled trials remains limited,necessitating high-quality,large-sample,long-term follow-up clinical studies.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Clopidogrel Combined with Aspirin in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Community-Dwelling Elderly

Objective:To analyze the combined therapeutic effect of clopidogrel(CLO)and aspirin(ASP)on coronary heart disease(CHD)in community-dwelling elderly.Methods:Thirty elderly patients with CHD who were admitted to the Xinxin Community Health Service Station,Pangzhuang Street,Quanshan District,Xuzhou City,from November 2020 to November 2022 were selected and randomly grouped into an observation group and a control group,with 15 cases in each group.The observation group was given the combination of CLO and ASP and the reference group was given only ASP.The total effective rate and other treatment indicators between the two groups were compared.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group(93.33%)was higher than that of the reference group(60.00%)(P<0.05).The adverse drug reaction rate(13.33%)and long-term cardiovascular adverse event rate(6.67%)of the observation group were lower than those of the reference group at 46.67%and 40.00%respectively,(P<0.05).Before treatment,the two groups had no difference in the quality-of-life scores(P>0.05).After treatment,the quality-of-life scores of the observation group were higher than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:CLO combined with ASP improved the therapeutic effect of community-dwelling elderly patients with CHD,reduced adverse reactions during medication,prevented adverse cardiovascular events,and comprehensively improved the patient’s quality of life.

Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Clopidogrel Bisulfate Tablets + Aspirin Enteric-Coated Tablets on Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical effect of clopidogrel bisulfate tablets combined with aspirin enteric-coated tablets on acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients.Methods:The study period was from January 2020 to December 2023,the sample source was 82 AMI patients admitted to our hospital,grouped into an observation group(n=41)and a control group(n=41)by the numerical table method.The patients in the control group were treated with aspirin enteric-coated tablets,and the patients in the observation group were treated with aspirin enteric-coated tablets combined with clopidogrel bisulfate.The clinical efficacy,coagulation indexes,and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events between the two groups were compared.Results:The clinical efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the platelet aggregation rate(PAR)of the observation group was lower than that of the con-trol group after treatment(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the prothrombin time(PT)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in the observation group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment effect of clopidogrel bisulfate tablets combined with aspirin enteric-coated tablets on AMI patients is remarkable.It reduces the PAR and the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events,so this treatment method should be popularized.

Poly(lactic acid)-aspirin microspheres prepared via the traditional and improved solvent evaporation methods and its application performances

Drug-loaded microspheres are significant for the development of modern pharmaceutical products. It is well known that the taken of aspirin for long-term increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal complications, therefore a controllable delivery of aspirin is of importance to lighten those side effects. In this work, poly(lactic acid)(PLA) was chosen as the carrier to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres by using the traditional and the improved solvent evaporation methods. It was found that no matter which experimental condition was, the encapsulation efficiency of aspirin was higher by using the improved method than that of the traditional method. Specifically, when the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol = 1%(mass),the polymer concentration = 1:20, the oil/water rate = 1:2.5, PLA-aspirin microspheres were obtained via the improved method with a high yield of 82.83%(mass) and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.09%. PLAaspirin microspheres were then prepared continuously using the improved method, which further enhanced the encapsulation efficiency to 54.56%. Approximate 85% aspirin released from microspheres within 7 days. Obvious degradation which was represented by reduction on hardness was observed by soaking microspheres in PBS for 60 days. This work is of interest because it provides a continuous route to prepare PLA-aspirin microspheres continuously with a high drug encapsulation efficiency.

Efficacy and safety of aspirin antiplatelet therapy within 48 h of symptom onset in patients with acute stroke

BACKGROUND Aspirin is a widely used antiplatelet agent that reduces the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke and other vascular events.However,the optimal timing and dose of aspirin initiation after an acute stroke remain controversial.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin antiplatelet therapy within 48 h of symptom onset in patients with acute stroke.METHODS We conducted a randomized,open-label,controlled trial in 60 patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke who were admitted to our hospital within 24 h of symptom onset.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either aspirin 300 mg daily or no aspirin within 48 h of stroke onset.The primary outcome was the occurrence of recurrent stroke,myocardial infarction,or vascular death within 90 d.The secondary outcomes were functional outcomes at 90 d measured using the modified Rankin Scale(mRS),incidence of bleeding complications,and mortality rate.RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 67.8 years and 55%of them were male.The median time from stroke onset to randomization was 12 h.The baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups.The primary outcome occurred in 6.7%of patients in the aspirin group and 16.7%of patients in the no aspirin group(relative risk=0.40,95%confidence interval:0.12-1.31,P=0.13).The mRS score at 90 d was significantly lower in the aspirin group than in the no aspirin group(median,2 vs 3,respectively;P=0.04).The incidence of bleeding complications was similar between the groups(6.7%vs 6.7%,P=1.00).The mortality rates were also comparable between the two groups(10%vs 13.3%,P=0.69).CONCLUSION Aspirin use is associated with favorable functional outcomes but does not significantly reduce the risk of recurrent vascular events.Its acceptable safety profile is comparable to that of no aspirin.Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.

Dissolvable polymeric microneedles loaded with aspirin for antiplatelet aggregation

To reduce mucosal damage in the gastrointestinal tract caused by aspirin,we developed a dissolvable polymeric microneedle(MN)patch loaded with aspirin.Biodegradable polymers provide mechanical strength to the MNs.The MN tips punctured the cuticle of the skin and dissolved when in contact with the subcutaneous tissue.The aspirin in the MN patch is delivered continuously through an array of micropores created by the punctures,providing a stable plasma concentration of aspirin.The factors affecting the stability of aspirin during MNs fabrication were comprehensively analyzed,and the hydrolysis rate of aspirin in the MNs was less than 2%.Compared to oral administration,MN administration not only had a smoother plasma concentration curve but also resulted in a lower effective dose of antiplatelet aggregation.Aspirin-loaded MNs were mildly irritating to the skin,causing only slight erythema on the skin and recovery within 24 h.In summary,aspirin-loaded MNs provide a new method to reduce gastrointestinal adverse effects in patients requiring aspirin regularly.

Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC one-dimensional composite-nanofiber-based electrochemical sensor for aspirin detection

Copper-based nanomaterials have been widely used in catalysis,electrodes,and other applications due to their unique electron-transfer properties.In this work,an efficient electrochemical sensor based on an electrode modified with one-dimensional Cu(OH)_(2)/carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)composite nanofibers was fabricated and investigated for the detection of aspirin.Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphological characteristics of these composite nanofibers.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess the electrochemical performance of a Cu(OH)_(2)/CMC composite nanofiber-modified electrode.The findings indicate that the modified electrode has a very high sensitivity to aspirin.The observed enhanced performance could be a result of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the composite nanofibers and their superior electron-transport characteristics,which may hasten electron transfer between aspirin and the surfaces of the modified electrode.This detection technique also demonstrated strong selectivity for aspirin.These findings imply that the technique can be applied as a highly effective and selective approach to aspirin measurement in biological science.

新型无机/有机复合发光材料Eu(aspirin)_3phen-MCM-41的光学性能

在室温下,将MCM-41和热处理后的发光客体Eu(aspirin)3phen进行组装,通过XRD、N2-吸脱附和PL等表征技术对组装体进行了研究,考察其光致发光性能。结果表明:Eu(aspirin)3phen进入MCM-41孔道后,充当了'二次模板剂',使MCM-41的骨架有序性增加。经热处理后Eu(aspirin)3phen与MCM-41组装后,组装体的发光强度与相应Eu(aspi-rin)3phen粉末相当。未焙烧的MCM-41表面和稀土有机配合物成键后,Eu(aspirin)3phen分子出现反演中心,5D0→7F2跃迁明显减弱,而焙烧后MCM-41表面对Eu3+的5D0→7F2电偶极跃迁强度没有影响。

Clopidogrel improves aspirin response after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery

We sought to assess the incidence of aspirin resistance after off-pump coronary artery bypass （OPCAB） surgery, and investigate whether clopidogrel can improve aspirin response and be safely applied early after OPCAB surgery. Sixty patients who underwent standard OPCAB surgery were randomized into two groups. One group （30 patients） received mono-antiplatelet treatment （MAPT） with aspirin 100 mg daily and the other group received dual anfiplatelet treatment （DAPT） with aspirin 100 mg daily plus clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Platelet aggregations in response to arachi- donic acid （PLAA） and adenosine diphosphate （ADP） （PLADP） were measured preoperatively and on days 1 to 6, 8 and 10 after the antiplatelet agents were administered. A PLAA level above 20% was defined as aspirin resistance. Postoperative bleeding and other perioperative variables were also recorded. There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, average number of distal anastomosis, operation time, postoperative bleeding, ventilation time and postoperative hospital stay. However, the incidence of aspirin resistance was significantly lower in the DAPT group than that in the MAPT group on the first and second day after antiplatelet agents were given （62.1% vs, 32.1%, 34.5% vs. 10.7%, respectively, both P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in postoperative complication between the two groups. DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel can be safely applied to OPCAB patients early after the procedure. Moreover, clopidogrel reduces the incidence of OPCAB-related aspirin resistance.

Tb（aspirin）3phen和MCM-41组装体的光谱研究

将MCM-41和客体Tb（aspirin）3phen进行组装，采用XRD、IR和PL进行了表征，探讨了主体McM-41和客体Tb（aspirin）1phen间的相互影响。MCM-41焙烧后再进行组装，Tb（aspirin）3phen可增加MCM-41的骨架有序性，充当“二次模板剂”的作用。IR谱图中，Tb（aspirin）3phen-MCM-41组装体在波数1384cm^-1处明显保留了Tb-N键的振动吸收。405nm发射峰强度，L和544nm发射峰强度，ILn的比值I，与McM-41不同的表面环境有关，且McM-41的不同表面环境对配体phen三重态和单重态能级的影响顺序为：MCM-41B外表面〉MCM-41A外表面〉McM-41A内表面。

载体MCM-41对Tb(aspirin)_3phen发光性能的影响

在室温下,乙二胺环境中合成了高度有序的介孔材料MCM-41,并将经热处理的发光客体Tb(aspi-rin)3phen组装进其孔道,通过激发发射光谱对其光致发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,Tb(aspirin)3phen240～375 nm区间的宽激发峰归属于配体aspirin羰基n→π*跃迁、苯环π→π*跃迁,和phen的杂菲基团吸收,Tb3+的特征发射是由于Antenna效应引起的。相对于纯Tb(aspirin)3phen,Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41B和Tb(aspirin)3phen/MCM-41A的激发谱带出现了明显的分裂,而Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41A只在353nm处剩下了相对较窄的单峰。Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41B,Tb(aspirin)3phen/MCM-41A和Tb(aspirin)3phen-MCM-41A的短波段激发峰依次减弱消失,长波段激发峰逐渐增强,而405 nm发射峰强度IL和544 nm发射峰强度ILn的比值I(I=IL/ILn)依次减小。MCM-41骨架与Tb(aspirin)3phen成键后,不同程度降低了配体aspirin和phen单重态S1和三重态T1能级,且对phen的影响大于aspirin。不同的MCM-41表面晶格场对配体能级的影响顺序为:MCM-41B外表面>MCM-41A外表面>MCM-41A内表面。I值可定性表示MCM-41表面晶格场对配体能级影响程度和MCM-41表面Tb(aspirin)3phen的含量。

Clinical importance of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance

Aspirin and clopidogrel are important components of medical therapy for patients with acute coronary syndromes, for those who received coronary artery stents and in the secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke. Despite their use, a significant number of patients experience recurrent adverse ischaemic events. Interindividual variability of platelet aggregation in response to these antiplatelet agents may be an explanation for some of these recurrent events, and small trials have linked "aspirin and/or clopidogrel resistance", as measured by platelet function tests, to adverse events. We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the prevalence of aspirin/clopidogrel resistance, their possible risk factors and their association with clinical outcomes. We also identified articles showing possible treatments. After analyzing the data on different laboratory methods, we found that aspirin/clopidogrel resistance seems to be associated with poor clinical outcomes and there is currently no standardized or widely accepted definition of clopidogrel resistance. Therefore, we conclude that specific treatment recommendations are not established for patients who exhibit high platelet reactivity during aspirin/clopidogrel therapy or who have poor platelet inhibition by clopidogrel.

Clinical features of gastroduodenal injury associated with long-term low-dose aspirin therapy

Low-dose aspirin(LDA) is clinically used for the prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events with the advent of an aging society.On the other hand,a very low dose of aspirin(10 mg daily) decreases the gastric mucosal prostaglandin levels and causes significant gastric mucosal damage.The incidence of LDAinduced gastrointestinal mucosal injury and bleeding has increased.It has been noticed that the incidence of LDA-induced gastrointestinal hemorrhage has increased more than that of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)-induced lesions.The pathogenesis related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 includes reduced mucosal flow,reduced mucus and bicarbonate secretion,and impaired platelet aggregation.The pathogenesis related to inhibition of COX-2 involves reduced angiogenesis and increased leukocyte adherence.The pathogenic mechanisms related to direct epithelial damage are acid back diffusion and impaired platelet aggregation.The factors associated with an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal(GI) complications in subjects taking LDA are aspirin dose,history of ulcer or upper GI bleeding,age > 70 years,concomitant use of non-aspirin NSAIDs including COX-2-selective NSAIDs,and Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection.Moreover,no significant differences have been found between ulcer and non-ulcer groups in the frequency and severity of symptoms such as nausea,acid regurgitation,heartburn,and bloating.It has been shown that the ratios of ulcers located in the body,fundus and cardia are significantly higher in bleeding patients than the ratio of gastroduodenal ulcers in patients taking LDA.Proton pump inhibitors reduce the risk of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers.In contrast to NSAIDinduced gastrointestinal ulcers,a well-tolerated histamine H2-receptor antagonist is reportedly effective in prevention of LDA-induced gastrointestinal ulcers.The eradication of H.pylori is equivalent to treatment with omeprazole in preventing recurrent bleeding.Continuous aspirin therapy for patients with gastrointestinal bleeding may increase the risk of recurrent bleeding but potentially reduces the mortality rates,as stopping aspirin therapy is associated with higher mortality rates.It is very important to prevent LDA-induced gastroduodenal ulcer complications including bleeding,and every effort should be exercised to prevent the bleeding complications.

无机基质MCM-41掺杂Yb^(3+)对组装体中客体Tb(aspirin)_3 phen发光性能的影响

在室温下,以掺Yb3+的MCM-41作为主体,"热处理"后的Tb(aspirin)3phen作为发光客体,将其进行组装,通过XRD和N2-吸附脱附和IR对组装体的结构和物理性质进行了研究。利用激发和发射光谱分析了组装体的光致发光性能和主客体关系。采用了一种新型的掺杂方法"直接焙烧法",用以避免在试样合成中掺杂离子的损失。在Yb/MCM-41和Tb(aspirin)3phen-Yb/MCM-41的XRD谱图中同时在2θ=2.6时出现了(100)晶面衍射峰,表明试样为规则有序,六方结构的MCM-41材料。Tb(aspirin)3phen进入Yb/MCM-41孔道后,无机骨架的有序性进一步增加。相对于MCM-41,Yb/MCM-41在IR谱图中波数963cm-1的谱带减弱,表明Yb3+已经进入无机骨架。另外,波数1 384 cm-1的吸收谱带也能提供组装体Tb(as-pirin)3phen-MCM-41中成键的特征信息。PL测试结果表明,Tb(aspirin)3phen在240~375 nm区间的宽激发吸收分别归属于配体aspirin羰基n→π*跃迁,苯环π→π*跃迁和phen的杂菲基团吸收。对客体Tb(aspi-rin)3phen进行热处理,能增强Tb(aspirin)3phen在MCM-41孔道中的发光效率,并且当基质MCM-41硅骨架掺杂Yb3+后,组装体的发光强度进一步增强,当Yb/Si=7.579×10-3时,发光强度最高。

Platelet thromboxane(11-dehydro-Thromboxane B_2) and aspirin response in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease

Aspirin(ASA) irreversibly inhibits platelet cyclooxygenase-1(COX-1) leading to decreased thromboxane-mediated platelet activation. The effect of ASA ingestion on thromboxane generation was evaluated in patients with diabetes(DM) and cardiovascular disease. Thromboxane inhibition was assessed by measuring the urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2(11dhTxB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2. The mean baseline urinary 11dhTxB2 of DM was 69.6% higher than healthy controls(P = 0.024): female subjects(DM and controls) had 50.9% higher baseline 11dhTxB2 than males(P = 0.0004), while age or disease duration had no influence. Daily ASA ingestion inhibited urinary 11dhTxB2 in both DM(71.7%) and controls(75.1%, P < 0.0001). Using a pre-established cut-off of 1500 pg/mg of urinary 11dhTxB2, there were twice as many ASA poor responders(ASA "resistant") in DM than in controls(14.8% and 8.4%, respectively). The rate of ASA poor responders in two populations of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) patients was 28.6 and 28.7%, in spite of a significant(81.6%) inhibition of urinary 11dhTxB2(P < 0.0001). Both baseline 11dhTxB2 levels and rate of poor ASA responders were significantly higher in DM and ACS compared to controls. Underlying systemic oxidative inflammation may maintain platelet function in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease irrespective of COX-1 pathway inhibition and/or increase systemic generation of thromboxane from non-platelet sources.

Meta-analysis of aspirin-heparin therapy for un-explained recurrent miscarriage

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of aspirin-heparin treatment for un-explained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA). Methods Literatures reporting the studies on the aspirin-heparin treatment of un-explained recurrent miscarriage with randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were collected from the major publication databases. The live birth rate was used as primary indicator, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and adverse reactions(thrombocytopenia) were used as the secondary indicators. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using RCT bias risk assessment tool in the Cochrane Handbook(v5.1.0). Meta-analysis was conducted using RevM an(v5.3) software. Subgroup analyses were conducted with an appropriately combined model according to the type of the treatments if heterogeneity among the selected studies was detected. Results Six publications of RCTs were included in this study. There were a total of 907 pregnant women with diagnosis of URSA, 367 of them were pooled in the study group with aspirin-heparin therapy and 540 women in the control group with placebo, aspirin or progesterone therapy. Meta-analysis showed that the live birth rate in the study group was significantly different from that in the control group [RR = 1.18, 95% CI(1.00-1.39), P=0.04]. Considering the clinical heterogeneity among the six studies, subgroup analysis were performed. Live birth rates in the aspirin-heparin treated groups and placebo groups were compared and no significant difference was found. There were no significant differences found between the two groups in the incidence of preterm delivery [RR=1.22, 95% CI(0.54-2.76), P=0.64], preeclampsia [RR=0.52, 95% CI(0.25-1.07), P=0.08], intrauterine growth restriction [RR=1.19, 95% CI(0.56-2.52), P=0.45] and thrombocytopenia [RR=1.17, 95% CI(0.09-14.42), P=0.90]. Conclusion This meta-analysis did not provide evidence that aspirin-heparin therapy had beneficial effect on un-explained recurrent miscarriage in terms of live birth rate, but it was relatively safe for it did not increase incidence of adverse pregnancy and adverse events. More well-designed and stratified double-blind RCT, individual-based meta-analysis regarding aspirin-heparin therapy are needed in future.