Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect o...Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect of temperature on land subsidence has received practically no attention in the past.This paper presents a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled numerical study on an ATES system in Shanghai,China.Four water wells were installed for seasonal heating and cooling of an agriculture greenhouse.The target aquifer at a depth of 74e104.5 m consisted of alternating layers of sand and silty sand and was covered with clay.Groundwater level,temperature,and land subsidence data from 2015 to 2017 were collected using field monitoring instruments.Constrained by data,we constructed a field scale three-dimensional(3D)model using TOUGH(Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat)and FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)equipped with a thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model.The effectiveness of the numerical model was validated by field data.The model was used to reproduce groundwater flow,heat transfer,and mechanical responses in porous media over three years and capture the thermo-and pressure-induced land subsidence.The results show that the maximum thermoinduced land subsidence accounts for about 60%of the total subsidence.The thermo-induced subsidence is slightly greater in winter than that in summer,and more pronounced near the cold well area than the hot well area.This study provides some valuable guidelines for controlling land subsidence caused by ATES systems installed in soft soils.展开更多
In this paper, the properties ofthe solutions ofBoltzm ann-Poisson system in three di- m ensions are considered. The estim ates ofthe energies (the kinetic and the potentialenergies) and the γ-th m om ents w ith γ...In this paper, the properties ofthe solutions ofBoltzm ann-Poisson system in three di- m ensions are considered. The estim ates ofthe energies (the kinetic and the potentialenergies) and the γ-th m om ents w ith γ∈[2,3) are obtained. The latter answ ers an open problem .展开更多
针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计...针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计算的有限元离散方程;其次,采用POD降阶算法改善传统瞬态计算中存在的条件数过大及方程阶数过高的问题;同时对于瞬态计算中的时间步长选择问题,提出适用于非线性问题的αATS变步长策略;然后,为验证方法的有效性,基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本结构建立二维八分区数值计算模型,同时将计算结果与基于110 kV绕组的温升实验结果进行对比。数值计算及实验结果表明,所提算法与全阶定步长算法在流场和温度场中的精度几乎相同,且流场计算效率提升约45倍,温度场计算效率提升约38倍,计算速度得到显著提高。这一点在温升实验中同样得到验证,说明该文所提算法的准确性、高效性及一定的工程实用性。展开更多
The remodeling of root architecture is a major developmental response of plants to phosphate （Pi） deficiency and is thought to enhance a plant＇s ability to forage for the available Pi in topsoil. The underlying mec...The remodeling of root architecture is a major developmental response of plants to phosphate （Pi） deficiency and is thought to enhance a plant＇s ability to forage for the available Pi in topsoil. The underlying mechanism controlling this response, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, hps 10 （hypersensitive to Pi starvation 10）, which is morphologically normal under Pi sufficient condition but shows increased inhibition of primary root growth and enhanced production of lateral roots under Pi defi- ciency, hpslO is a previously identified allele （als3-3） of the ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 （ALS3） gene, which is involved in plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Our results show that ALS3 and its interacting protein AtSTAR1 form an ABC transporter complex in the tonoplast. This protein complex mediates a highly electro- genic transport in Xenopus oocytes. Under Pi deficiency, als3 accumulates higher levels of Fe3＋ in its roots than the wild type does. In Arabidopsis, LPR1 （LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT1） and LPR2 encode ferroxidases, which when mutated, reduce Fe3＋ accumulation in roots and cause root growth to be insensitive to Pi defi- ciency. Here, we provide compelling evidence showing that ALS3 cooperates with LPR1/2 to regulate Pi deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture by modulating Fe homeostasis in roots.展开更多
含水层储能(Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage,缩写为ATES)系统因其良好的储热能力和经济性受到国内外学者的广泛关注,其中含水层储热系统中运行参数和布井参数的设置直接影响储热效果,如何优化参数获得最佳工艺方案,对于推广储热工程现...含水层储能(Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage,缩写为ATES)系统因其良好的储热能力和经济性受到国内外学者的广泛关注,其中含水层储热系统中运行参数和布井参数的设置直接影响储热效果,如何优化参数获得最佳工艺方案,对于推广储热工程现场应用具有重要意义。为此,以浅层含水层储热性能作为优化目标,通过灰色关联度方法对比关键参数对储热性能的影响程度,采用多目标优化方法得到最佳储热方案。研究结果表明:①注入温度与含水层之间温差较大会削弱系统储热能力,同类型储热井之间的热干扰反而有利于储热性能;②含水层厚度和布井数量对热损失率影响较大,而注入排量和井距对热回收率影响较大,注入温度对二者的影响最小;③注入温度25℃、含水层厚度106.597 m、注入排量30 kg/s的单井系统为最佳储热方案。结论认为:①关键参数对热损失和热回收的影响程度不同,为提高储热性能有必要对二者进行均衡优化;②优化方案有效扩大了储热体积,减少了热损失同时提高了热回收,使整个系统热损失率和热回收率分别在原有基础上优化了12.69%和3.19%,可为ATES系统的合理设计提供参考。展开更多
空管系统为全国民用航空提供空中交通服务、通信导航监视、航空气象、航行情报服务,是民航运行的枢纽。供电设备故障会严重影响空中交通安全。为确保设备的供电安全,从航管小区供配电系统设计出发,提出基于双市电双油机供电、不间断电源...空管系统为全国民用航空提供空中交通服务、通信导航监视、航空气象、航行情报服务,是民航运行的枢纽。供电设备故障会严重影响空中交通安全。为确保设备的供电安全,从航管小区供配电系统设计出发,提出基于双市电双油机供电、不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply,UPS)并机双路供电、分布式静态转换开关(Static Transfer Switch,STS)供电以及直流应急供电的多重冗余供电体系。在空管设备末端供电设计方面,针对设备结构和管制席位设备及功能,提出优化的冗余供电设计方案。展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC1808102).
文摘Aquifer thermal energy storage(ATES)system has received attention for heating or cooling buildings.However,it is well known that land subsidence becomes a major environmental concern for ATES projects.Yet,the effect of temperature on land subsidence has received practically no attention in the past.This paper presents a thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupled numerical study on an ATES system in Shanghai,China.Four water wells were installed for seasonal heating and cooling of an agriculture greenhouse.The target aquifer at a depth of 74e104.5 m consisted of alternating layers of sand and silty sand and was covered with clay.Groundwater level,temperature,and land subsidence data from 2015 to 2017 were collected using field monitoring instruments.Constrained by data,we constructed a field scale three-dimensional(3D)model using TOUGH(Transport of Unsaturated Groundwater and Heat)and FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)equipped with a thermo-elastoplastic constitutive model.The effectiveness of the numerical model was validated by field data.The model was used to reproduce groundwater flow,heat transfer,and mechanical responses in porous media over three years and capture the thermo-and pressure-induced land subsidence.The results show that the maximum thermoinduced land subsidence accounts for about 60%of the total subsidence.The thermo-induced subsidence is slightly greater in winter than that in summer,and more pronounced near the cold well area than the hot well area.This study provides some valuable guidelines for controlling land subsidence caused by ATES systems installed in soft soils.
文摘In this paper, the properties ofthe solutions ofBoltzm ann-Poisson system in three di- m ensions are considered. The estim ates ofthe energies (the kinetic and the potentialenergies) and the γ-th m om ents w ith γ∈[2,3) are obtained. The latter answ ers an open problem .
文摘针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计算的有限元离散方程;其次,采用POD降阶算法改善传统瞬态计算中存在的条件数过大及方程阶数过高的问题;同时对于瞬态计算中的时间步长选择问题,提出适用于非线性问题的αATS变步长策略;然后,为验证方法的有效性,基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本结构建立二维八分区数值计算模型,同时将计算结果与基于110 kV绕组的温升实验结果进行对比。数值计算及实验结果表明,所提算法与全阶定步长算法在流场和温度场中的精度几乎相同,且流场计算效率提升约45倍,温度场计算效率提升约38倍,计算速度得到显著提高。这一点在温升实验中同样得到验证,说明该文所提算法的准确性、高效性及一定的工程实用性。
文摘The remodeling of root architecture is a major developmental response of plants to phosphate （Pi） deficiency and is thought to enhance a plant＇s ability to forage for the available Pi in topsoil. The underlying mechanism controlling this response, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, hps 10 （hypersensitive to Pi starvation 10）, which is morphologically normal under Pi sufficient condition but shows increased inhibition of primary root growth and enhanced production of lateral roots under Pi defi- ciency, hpslO is a previously identified allele （als3-3） of the ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 （ALS3） gene, which is involved in plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Our results show that ALS3 and its interacting protein AtSTAR1 form an ABC transporter complex in the tonoplast. This protein complex mediates a highly electro- genic transport in Xenopus oocytes. Under Pi deficiency, als3 accumulates higher levels of Fe3＋ in its roots than the wild type does. In Arabidopsis, LPR1 （LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT1） and LPR2 encode ferroxidases, which when mutated, reduce Fe3＋ accumulation in roots and cause root growth to be insensitive to Pi defi- ciency. Here, we provide compelling evidence showing that ALS3 cooperates with LPR1/2 to regulate Pi deficiency-induced remodeling of root architecture by modulating Fe homeostasis in roots.
文摘空管系统为全国民用航空提供空中交通服务、通信导航监视、航空气象、航行情报服务,是民航运行的枢纽。供电设备故障会严重影响空中交通安全。为确保设备的供电安全,从航管小区供配电系统设计出发,提出基于双市电双油机供电、不间断电源(Uninterruptible Power Supply,UPS)并机双路供电、分布式静态转换开关(Static Transfer Switch,STS)供电以及直流应急供电的多重冗余供电体系。在空管设备末端供电设计方面,针对设备结构和管制席位设备及功能,提出优化的冗余供电设计方案。
