区块链游戏生态的角色动态识别与演化分析——以Axie Infinity为例

针对区块链游戏生态的复杂性,提出一种基于时序有向加权网络的新型角色识别方法。该方法首先设计了节点投票算法ChainVoteRank以识别出关键基础角色,然后结合多特征融合的层次聚类算法挖掘潜在的隐蔽角色。以play-to-earn(P2E)模式区块链游戏Axie Infinity为对象进行研究,结果表明该P2E模式区块链游戏生态中存在6种基本角色:劳工、正常玩家、经理、繁育商、交易商和机构组织。相较于传统角色识别方法,该方法不仅可以更好地识别出区块链游戏生态中的主要用户角色,而且还揭示了P2E模式区块链游戏生态的角色演化过程、不同阶段中各角色发挥的作用,以及P2E生态日益严重的贫富差距。

新一代测试总线标准——AXIe综述

AXIe是以AdvancedTCA为基础的新型开放式总线标准,继承了AdvancedTCA模块化标准架构的优点,AXIe比VXI或PXI具有更大的电路板面积、更高的传输速率、更大的功率和更好的散热性,AXIe参考了PXI、LXI和IVI等现有标准,提供了一种长寿命周期、模块化、高性能、强扩展性的柔性平台。介绍了AXIe标准结构和性能特点,对比了AXIe和AdvancedTCA、PXI、LXI的关系。

基于FPGA的AXIe接口设计

AXIe(advanced TCA extensions for instrumentation)是最新一代自动测试总线标准,具有数据传输速率快、兼容性好、单板面积大等优势。在对该总线标准进行研究的基础上,提出一种基于PCIe和以太网通信的AXIe仪器接口的实现方案。采用FPGA为核心,通过调用PCIe核实现PCIe通信,在NIOS II处理器中移植Micro C/OS-II实时操作系统和Niche Stack TCP/IP协议栈实现以太网通信,并用硬件描述语言实现智能平台管理接口模块和触发管理模块。实验表明,该方案满足AXIe标准要求,可以用于仪器模块开发中。

AXIe高速数据采集传输接口设计

为了解决海量数据的高速传输问题,本文以AXIe(Advanced TCA Extensions for Instrumentation)总线为传输架构,重点设计数据的高速缓存和传输接口,并设计时间交织数据采集模块完成AXIe数据采集传输接口验证.通过两片ADC实现时间交织数据采样功能,将DDR3作为数据的深存储单元,采用PCI Express实现数据高速传输.在FPGA上完成设计,使用ILA嵌入式逻辑分析仪进行功能验证.结果表明,该设计能很好地实现交织采样功能,完成基于AXIe总线的数据传输.

AXIe标准研究

ATCA(Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture,即先进电信运算架构)集众多先进总线于一身,速度快,性能稳定,是高性能计算和高速数据交换的理想架构;基于ATCA架构的测试测量总线—AXIe(AdvancedTCA eXtensions for Instrumentation andTest)不仅继承了ATCA的先进性,而且针测试领域的需求对ATCA作了必要的扩充;文中介绍了AXIe的通用测试规范1.0及其半导体测试规范3.1,介绍了它们的机械及电气特性;对比了AXIe与ATCA、LXI及PXIe总线的关系。

基于AXIe总线的自动测试系统设计

随着自动测试系统向标准化、模块化和系列化发展,标准化总线技术是满足这三化的关键技术的基础,它的发展推动了自动测试系统的更新。文中通过分析目前流行的PXI和LXI总线的基本特性和优缺点,对基于新型总线AXIe的自动测试系统设计进行了介绍,并预测了自动测试总线未来的发展趋势。

是德科技扩充PXI、AXIe仪器和参考解决方案阵容,同时推出跨厂商校准服务 全面性的服务协助工程师以更低成本开发、部署和维护测试系统

是德科技公司（NYSE：KEYS）日前宣布,其高性能PXI和AXIe仪器和参考解决方案阵容也已扩充。这些仪器和解决方案广泛用于各种应用,包括5G、PA/FEM和数字互连测试,以提高测试速度、提升精度并缩小整体尺寸。是德科技致力通过PXI和AXIe仪器提供业界首屈一指的射频、

是德科技扩充PXI、AXIe仪器和参考解决方案阵容,同时推出跨厂商校准服务

新闻要点： 新PXIe VXT和SMU为PA和FEM测试应用提供卓越的测量速度和精度 新PXIe Gen 3机箱、IO元器件和外部电脑选件,为数据流传输、多通道、多机箱系统提供市面上最宽的系统带宽 为台式、PXI和AXIe仪器增加一站式校准服务,提供多厂商支持。

基于AXIe中PCIe高带宽及多模块同步数据传输的高速图形传输系统

本文说明如何充分发挥AXIe平台的特点,来达成此数千通道同步的严格要求。本文网络版址:http://www.eepw.com.cn/article/170157.

是德科技扩充PXI、AXIe仪器和参考解决方案阵容,同时推出跨厂商校准服务

是德科技公司日前宣布,其高性能PXI和AXIe仪器和参考解决方案阵容也已扩充。这些仪器和解决方案广泛用于各种应用,包括5G、PA/FEM和数字互连测试,以提高测试速度、提升精度并缩小整体尺寸。是德科技致力通过PXI和AXIe仪器提供业界首屈一指的射频、微波和数字测量专业技术,这些新产品是其中一部分。

Longitudinal assessment of peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease not only affects the brain,but also induces metabolic dysfunction in peripheral organs and alters the gut microbiota.The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that occur in Alzheimer’s disease,in particular the association between changes in peripheral organ metabolism,changes in gut microbial composition,and Alzheimer’s disease development.To do this,we analyzed peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota in amyloid precursor protein-presenilin 1(APP/PS1)transgenic and control mice at 3,6,9,and 12 months of age.Twelve-month-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited cognitive impairment,Alzheimer’s disease-related brain changes,distinctive metabolic disturbances in peripheral organs and fecal samples(as detected by untargeted metabolomics sequencing),and substantial changes in gut microbial composition compared with younger APP/PS1 mice.Notably,a strong correlation emerged between the gut microbiota and kidney metabolism in APP/PS1 mice.These findings suggest that alterations in peripheral organ metabolism and the gut microbiota are closely related to Alzheimer’s disease development,indicating potential new directions for therapeutic strategies.

Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the brain and its involvement in cognitive function

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulates the secretion of glucoco rticoids in response to environmental challenges.In the brain,a nuclear receptor transcription fa ctor,the glucocorticoid recepto r,is an important component of the hypothalamicpituitary-a d renal axis's negative feedback loop and plays a key role in regulating cognitive equilibrium and neuroplasticity.The glucoco rticoid receptor influences cognitive processes,including glutamate neurotransmission,calcium signaling,and the activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated pathways,through a combination of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms.Protein interactions within the central nervous system can alter the expression and activity of the glucocorticoid receptor,there by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and stress-related cognitive functions.An appropriate level of glucocorticoid receptor expression can improve cognitive function,while excessive glucocorticoid receptors or long-term exposure to glucoco rticoids may lead to cognitive impairment.Patients with cognitive impairment-associated diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,aging,depression,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,stroke,and addiction,often present with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and glucocorticoid receptor expression.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the functions of the glucoco rticoid receptor in the hypothalamic-pituitary-a d renal axis and cognitive activities.It emphasizes that appropriate glucocorticoid receptor signaling fa cilitates learning and memory,while its dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairment.This provides clues about how glucocorticoid receptor signaling can be targeted to ove rcome cognitive disability-related disorders.

The gut-eye axis:from brain neurodegenerative diseases to age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration is a serious neurodegenerative disease of the retina that significantly impacts vision.Unfortunately,the specific pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective early treatment options are consequently lacking.The microbiome is defined as a large ecosystem of microorganisms living within and coexisting with a host.The intestinal microbiome undergoes dynamic changes owing to age,diet,genetics,and other factors.Such dysregulation of the intestinal flora can disrupt the microecological balance,resulting in immunological and metabolic dysfunction in the host,and affecting the development of many diseases.In recent decades,significant evidence has indicated that the intestinal flora also influences systems outside of the digestive tract,including the brain.Indeed,several studies have demonstrated the critical role of the gut-brain axis in the development of brain neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,the role of the“gut-eye axis”has been confirmed to play a role in the pathogenesis of many ocular disorders.Moreover,age-related macular degeneration and many brain neurodegenerative diseases have been shown to share several risk factors and to exhibit comparable etiologies.As such,the intestinal flora may play an important role in age-related macular degeneration.Given the above context,the present review aims to clarify the gut-brain and gut-eye connections,assess the effect of intestinal flora and metabolites on age-related macular degeneration,and identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.Currently,direct research on the role of intestinal flora in age-related macular degeneration is still relatively limited,while studies focusing solely on intestinal flora are insufficient to fully elucidate its functional role in age-related macular degeneration.Organ-on-a-chip technology has shown promise in clarifying the gut-eye interactions,while integrating analysis of the intestinal flora with research on metabolites through metabolomics and other techniques is crucial for understanding their potential mechanisms.

Gut microbiota-astrocyte axis: new insights into age-related cognitive decline

With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.

Bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury is a prevalent disorder of the central nervous system.In addition to primary brain parenchymal damage,the enduring biological consequences of traumatic brain injury pose long-term risks for patients with traumatic brain injury;however,the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear,and effective intervention methods are lacking.Intestinal dysfunction is a significant consequence of traumatic brain injury.Being the most densely innervated peripheral tissue in the body,the gut possesses multiple pathways for the establishment of a bidirectional“brain-gut axis”with the central nervous system.The gut harbors a vast microbial community,and alterations of the gut niche contribute to the progression of traumatic brain injury and its unfavorable prognosis through neuronal,hormonal,and immune pathways.A comprehensive understanding of microbiota-mediated peripheral neuroimmunomodulation mechanisms is needed to enhance treatment strategies for traumatic brain injury and its associated complications.We comprehensively reviewed alterations in the gut microecological environment following traumatic brain injury,with a specific focus on the complex biological processes of peripheral nerves,immunity,and microbes triggered by traumatic brain injury,encompassing autonomic dysfunction,neuroendocrine disturbances,peripheral immunosuppression,increased intestinal barrier permeability,compromised responses of sensory nerves to microorganisms,and potential effector nuclei in the central nervous system influenced by gut microbiota.Additionally,we reviewed the mechanisms underlying secondary biological injury and the dynamic pathological responses that occur following injury to enhance our current understanding of how peripheral pathways impact the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury.This review aimed to propose a conceptual model for future risk assessment of central nervous system-related diseases while elucidating novel insights into the bidirectional effects of the“brain-gut-microbiota axis.”

Gut-brain axis as a bridge in obesity and depression:Mechanistic exploration and therapeutic prospects

A recent study by Wang et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry,provided preventative and therapeutic strategies for the comorbidity of obesity and depression.The gut-brain axis,which acts as a two-way communication system between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system,plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.Evidence suggests that metabolic byproducts,such as short-chain fatty acids,lipopolysaccharide and bile acids,which are generated by the gut microbiota,along with neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators within the gut-brain axis,modulate the host's metabolic processes,neuronal regulation,and immune responses through diverse mechanisms.The interaction between obesity and depression via the gut-brain axis involves disruptions in the gut microbiota balance,inflammatory immune responses,and alterations in the neuroendocrine system.Modulating the gut-brain axis,for example,through a ketogenic diet,the use of probiotics,and the supplementation of antioxidants,offers new remedial approaches for obesity and depression.Future research that explores the mechanisms of the gut-brain axis is needed to provide more evidence for clinical treatment.

Influence of gut bacteria on type 2 diabetes:Mechanisms and therapeutic strategy

The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria,making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus.This commentary examines the recent publication in World Journal of Diabetes.The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota,with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.It proposes innovative microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies and evaluates the challenges and future directions of such approaches.This editorial summarizes the key points of their discussion of the role of the gut microbiome in T2DM and elaborates on the influence of specific gut microbial species on the disease through the host–microbiota metabolic axis.It provides new insights for future research on gut-microbiota-based interventions for T2DM.

Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway:contributing to the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

基于AXIe架构的通用测试平台设计

基于ATCA架构的测试测量总线—AXIe(AdvancedTCA eXtensions for Instrumentation and Test)专门针对测试领域的需求对ATCA作了必要的扩充,AXIe是推动自动测试系统向标准化、模块化和系列化发展的关键技术。基于AXIe架构的通用测试平台可改变当前通信装备及模块由于通信体制和接口的复杂多样而导致其通用测试平台缺乏的现状,能够为通信装备的设计验证、生产调试、系统联试、出厂验收、培训演练和入网测试等各个环节提供有效的综合测试手段。通过COM-e和FPGA等模块对基于该架构的测试仪器单元进行了实现。

Psycho-gastroenterological profile of an Italian population of children with disorders of gut-brain interaction:A case-control study

BACKGROUND Disorders of gut-brain interaction(DGBI)are common,but knowledge about their physiopathology is still poor,nor valid tools have been used to evaluate them in childhood.AIM To develop a psycho-gastroenterological questionnaire(PGQ)to assess the psycho-gastroenterological profile and social characteristics of a pediatric population with and without DGBI.METHODS One hundred and nineteen Italian children(age 11-18)were included:28 outpatient patients with DGBI(Rome IV criteria)and 91 healthy controls.They filled the PGQ,faces pain scale revised(FPS-R),Bristol stool chart,ga-strointestinal symptoms rating scale,state-trait anxiety inventory,Toronto alexithymia scale 20,perceived self-efficacy in the management of negative emotions and expression of positive emotions(APEN-G,APEP-G),irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life questionnaire,school performances,tobacco use,early life events,degree of digital-ization.RESULTS Compared to controls,patients had more medical examinations(35%of them went to the doctor more than five times),a higher school performance(23%vs 13%,P<0.05),didn’t use tobacco(never vs 16%,P<0.05),had early life events(28%vs 1%P<0.05)and a higher percentage of pain classified as 4 in the FPS-R during the examination(14%vs 7%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pediatric outpatients with DGBI had a higher prevalence of early life events,a lower quality of life,more medical examinations rising health care costs,lower anxiety levels.