How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on t...How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.展开更多
Phosphorus nutrient characteristics of different maize inbred lines to low-P stress were studied at stages of seedling, steming, earing, silking under pot culture. In the periods of seedling and steming, P uptake effi...Phosphorus nutrient characteristics of different maize inbred lines to low-P stress were studied at stages of seedling, steming, earing, silking under pot culture. In the periods of seedling and steming, P uptake efficiency was the main contributor to P tolerance, and the relative P content in P-tolerant genotypes, 99180 and 99239 were higher than that in sensitive genotype, 99152. At earing stage, P-tolerant genotypes, compared to P-sensitive ones, had higher accumulation of P in upper leaves. When came to the silking stage, P uptake and redistribution efficiency of P-tolerant genotypes were higher than those in 99152. The results also suggested that there are different mechanisms of P nutrient uptake and distribution in different P-tolerant genotypes. Inbred line 99239, according to the investigation, was considered as an efficient stock in the P-uptake while 99180 fallen to the efficient stock of P redistribution.展开更多
Dependability analysis is an important step in designing and analyzing safety computer systems and protection systems.Introducing multi-processor and virtual machine increases the system faults' complexity,diversi...Dependability analysis is an important step in designing and analyzing safety computer systems and protection systems.Introducing multi-processor and virtual machine increases the system faults' complexity,diversity and dynamic,in particular for software-induced failures,with an impact on the overall dependability.Moreover,it is very different for safety system to operate successfully at any active phase,since there is a huge difference in failure rate between hardware-induced and softwareinduced failures.To handle these difficulties and achieve accurate dependability evaluation,consistently reflecting the construct it measures,a new formalism derived from dynamic fault graphs(DFG) is developed in this paper.DFG exploits the concept of system event as fault state sequences to represent dynamic behaviors,which allows us to execute probabilistic measures at each timestamp when change occurs.The approach automatically combines the reliability analysis with the system dynamics.In this paper,we describe how to use the proposed methodology drives to the overall system dependability analysis through the phases of modeling,structural discovery and probability analysis,which is also discussed using an example of a virtual computing system.展开更多
Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reason...Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reasonable improvement programs.There were six germination traits investigated on combining ability and heritability using complete diallel crossing method designed for 30 combinations from those six cultivars and lines.The traits included relative root length,stem length,fresh weight per plant,survival rate,electrical conductivity,and vigor index.After flooding treatment,the six traits of parents and F1 were analyzed.The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） of germination traits were analyzed using Griffing I method.Among 30 cross combinations,the GCA was significantly different among six waterlogging resistance traits.The SCA of these traits was significantly different except the SCA of electrical conductivity.As a representative trait of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed,relative vigor index had the highest narrow heritability and relatively low broad heritability.The cultivars Zhongshuang 9 and P79 had higher tolerance potential to waterlogging stress.It can be concluded that combining ability and genetic effects of relative vigor index during germination stage could be used to identify the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed in breeding program.展开更多
Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rap...Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits.We explored the predictive ability(PA)of genomic prediction with single-environment models,accounting or not for trait-specific markers,multi-environment models,and multi-trait and multi-environment models,using the genotypic(1600K SNPs)and phenotypic(grain As content,grain yield and days to flowering)data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Under the base-line single-environment model,PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content,respectively;the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso,genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces)were considered to perform similarly,and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17K,without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions.Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%.Multi-environment models,accounting for genotype×environment interactions,and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47%and 61%,respectively.Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models,the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As)with much higher efficiency for computing time.These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.展开更多
Background The reliance on a solitary linear reference genome has imposed a significant constraint on our compre-hensive understanding of genetic variation in animals.This constraint is particularly pronounced for non...Background The reliance on a solitary linear reference genome has imposed a significant constraint on our compre-hensive understanding of genetic variation in animals.This constraint is particularly pronounced for non-reference sequences(NRSs),which have not been extensively studied.Results In this study,we constructed a pig pangenome graph using 21 pig assemblies and identified 23,831 NRSs with a total length of 105 Mb.Our findings revealed that NRSs were more prevalent in breeds exhibiting greater genetic divergence from the reference genome.Furthermore,we observed that NRSs were rarely found within coding sequences,while NRS insertions were enriched in immune-related Gene Ontology terms.Notably,our investigation also unveiled a close association between novel genes and the immune capacity of pigs.We observed substantial differences in terms of frequencies of NRSs between Eastern and Western pigs,and the heat-resistant pigs exhibited a substantial number of NRS insertions in an 11.6 Mb interval on chromosome X.Additionally,we discovered a 665 bp insertion in the fourth intron of the TNFRSF19 gene that may be associated with the ability of heat tolerance in South-ern Chinese pigs.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential of a graph genome approach to reveal important functional features of NRSs in pig populations.展开更多
转录调节蛋白TP 53(Tumor protein 53)调控多种重要生物学过程,包括细胞周期、DNA损伤、修复和细胞凋亡等.在各种应激条件下tp53会被激活并发挥与应激相关的调控作用,但tp53在鱼类低温应激下的作用尚不明了.本文首先检测在低温应激条件...转录调节蛋白TP 53(Tumor protein 53)调控多种重要生物学过程,包括细胞周期、DNA损伤、修复和细胞凋亡等.在各种应激条件下tp53会被激活并发挥与应激相关的调控作用,但tp53在鱼类低温应激下的作用尚不明了.本文首先检测在低温应激条件下斑马鱼(Danio rerio)中tp53的表达变化,然后利用tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼敲除模型研究了敲除tp53对斑马鱼低温耐受能力和运动的影响.RT-qPCR结果显示:在8℃低温条件下野生型斑马鱼全鱼和鳃组织中tp53的mRNA水平显著升高.低温耐受实验显示:8℃低温下tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的耐受能力增强,半数致死时间(lethal time to 50%mortality, LT50)显著高于WT(Wild type)对照组(P<0.000 1).运动行为学实验发现:与28℃相比,18℃低温下WT和tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的移动距离、平均速度和活跃度均显著降低(P<0.000 1);同时发现在28℃和18℃条件下,tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的移动距离、平均速度和活跃度均显著高于WT组.研究结果说明tp53参与斑马鱼的低温响应过程,敲除tp53后斑马鱼的耐寒能力与运动能力增强.本文为鱼类的低温耐受机制和运动行为学研究提供了新思路.展开更多
短链低聚半乳糖(SC-GOS)是双歧杆菌的有效增殖因子。本试验从婴儿粪便样品中筛选得到7株高效利用SC-GOS的双歧杆菌,经16S r DNA鉴定,它们为1株为长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46,2株为两歧双歧杆菌(BB_Y22、BB_S7),2株假小链双歧杆菌(BP_Y43、...短链低聚半乳糖(SC-GOS)是双歧杆菌的有效增殖因子。本试验从婴儿粪便样品中筛选得到7株高效利用SC-GOS的双歧杆菌,经16S r DNA鉴定,它们为1株为长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46,2株为两歧双歧杆菌(BB_Y22、BB_S7),2株假小链双歧杆菌(BP_Y43、BP_YA)以及2株长双歧杆菌(BL_S34、BL_H26)。以婴儿双歧杆菌M63和婴儿双歧杆菌ATCC15697为对照,观察菌株形态并分析益生特性,初步筛选出具有应用潜力的益生菌株。结果表明,BI_Y46形态特殊,分叉状有菌毛;BB_Y22、BP_Y43的胞外多糖产量超过0.45 mg/mL;BL_H26菌体表面蛋白含量较高,为0.74 mg/mL,BB_Y22、BB_S7含量在0.35~0.45 mg/mL范围;同时BP_Y43、BB_Y22具有较强的表面疏水性和自聚集能力;在模拟胃液中及胆盐存在下,BB_Y22、BI_Y46对胆盐和胃液的刺激显示出较强的耐受性。抑菌试验显示BI_Y46、BB_S7上清液对大肠杆菌ATCC 25922的抑菌效果较强。结论:长双歧杆菌婴儿亚种BI_Y46、两歧双歧杆菌BB_Y22以及假小链双歧杆菌BP_Y43具有较好的益生潜力,为开发含有低聚半乳糖和双歧杆菌的产品提供一定参考。展开更多
文摘How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.
基金This work was supported by the National 863 Program of China(2001AA241051).
文摘Phosphorus nutrient characteristics of different maize inbred lines to low-P stress were studied at stages of seedling, steming, earing, silking under pot culture. In the periods of seedling and steming, P uptake efficiency was the main contributor to P tolerance, and the relative P content in P-tolerant genotypes, 99180 and 99239 were higher than that in sensitive genotype, 99152. At earing stage, P-tolerant genotypes, compared to P-sensitive ones, had higher accumulation of P in upper leaves. When came to the silking stage, P uptake and redistribution efficiency of P-tolerant genotypes were higher than those in 99152. The results also suggested that there are different mechanisms of P nutrient uptake and distribution in different P-tolerant genotypes. Inbred line 99239, according to the investigation, was considered as an efficient stock in the P-uptake while 99180 fallen to the efficient stock of P redistribution.
基金This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.61272411 and National 973 Basic Research Program of China under grant No.2014CB340600
文摘Dependability analysis is an important step in designing and analyzing safety computer systems and protection systems.Introducing multi-processor and virtual machine increases the system faults' complexity,diversity and dynamic,in particular for software-induced failures,with an impact on the overall dependability.Moreover,it is very different for safety system to operate successfully at any active phase,since there is a huge difference in failure rate between hardware-induced and softwareinduced failures.To handle these difficulties and achieve accurate dependability evaluation,consistently reflecting the construct it measures,a new formalism derived from dynamic fault graphs(DFG) is developed in this paper.DFG exploits the concept of system event as fault state sequences to represent dynamic behaviors,which allows us to execute probabilistic measures at each timestamp when change occurs.The approach automatically combines the reliability analysis with the system dynamics.In this paper,we describe how to use the proposed methodology drives to the overall system dependability analysis through the phases of modeling,structural discovery and probability analysis,which is also discussed using an example of a virtual computing system.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2006AA10Z1C2)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2009BADA8B01,2110BAD01B09)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2009CDA089)
文摘Cross combinations from six rapeseed cultivars and lines were evaluated under waterlogging stress condition in order to understand the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus L.and provide reasonable improvement programs.There were six germination traits investigated on combining ability and heritability using complete diallel crossing method designed for 30 combinations from those six cultivars and lines.The traits included relative root length,stem length,fresh weight per plant,survival rate,electrical conductivity,and vigor index.After flooding treatment,the six traits of parents and F1 were analyzed.The general combining ability（GCA） and special combining ability（SCA） of germination traits were analyzed using Griffing I method.Among 30 cross combinations,the GCA was significantly different among six waterlogging resistance traits.The SCA of these traits was significantly different except the SCA of electrical conductivity.As a representative trait of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed,relative vigor index had the highest narrow heritability and relatively low broad heritability.The cultivars Zhongshuang 9 and P79 had higher tolerance potential to waterlogging stress.It can be concluded that combining ability and genetic effects of relative vigor index during germination stage could be used to identify the waterlogging tolerance of rapeseed in breeding program.
文摘Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic(As).Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health.Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits.We explored the predictive ability(PA)of genomic prediction with single-environment models,accounting or not for trait-specific markers,multi-environment models,and multi-trait and multi-environment models,using the genotypic(1600K SNPs)and phenotypic(grain As content,grain yield and days to flowering)data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Under the base-line single-environment model,PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content,respectively;the three prediction methods(Bayesian Lasso,genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces)were considered to perform similarly,and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17K,without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions.Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%.Multi-environment models,accounting for genotype×environment interactions,and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47%and 61%,respectively.Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models,the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability(0.831 for grain As)with much higher efficiency for computing time.These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel.Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFF1000500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31941007)Zhejiang province agriculture(livestock)varieties breeding Key Technology R&D Program(grant no.2016C02054-2).
文摘Background The reliance on a solitary linear reference genome has imposed a significant constraint on our compre-hensive understanding of genetic variation in animals.This constraint is particularly pronounced for non-reference sequences(NRSs),which have not been extensively studied.Results In this study,we constructed a pig pangenome graph using 21 pig assemblies and identified 23,831 NRSs with a total length of 105 Mb.Our findings revealed that NRSs were more prevalent in breeds exhibiting greater genetic divergence from the reference genome.Furthermore,we observed that NRSs were rarely found within coding sequences,while NRS insertions were enriched in immune-related Gene Ontology terms.Notably,our investigation also unveiled a close association between novel genes and the immune capacity of pigs.We observed substantial differences in terms of frequencies of NRSs between Eastern and Western pigs,and the heat-resistant pigs exhibited a substantial number of NRS insertions in an 11.6 Mb interval on chromosome X.Additionally,we discovered a 665 bp insertion in the fourth intron of the TNFRSF19 gene that may be associated with the ability of heat tolerance in South-ern Chinese pigs.Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the potential of a graph genome approach to reveal important functional features of NRSs in pig populations.
文摘转录调节蛋白TP 53(Tumor protein 53)调控多种重要生物学过程,包括细胞周期、DNA损伤、修复和细胞凋亡等.在各种应激条件下tp53会被激活并发挥与应激相关的调控作用,但tp53在鱼类低温应激下的作用尚不明了.本文首先检测在低温应激条件下斑马鱼(Danio rerio)中tp53的表达变化,然后利用tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼敲除模型研究了敲除tp53对斑马鱼低温耐受能力和运动的影响.RT-qPCR结果显示:在8℃低温条件下野生型斑马鱼全鱼和鳃组织中tp53的mRNA水平显著升高.低温耐受实验显示:8℃低温下tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的耐受能力增强,半数致死时间(lethal time to 50%mortality, LT50)显著高于WT(Wild type)对照组(P<0.000 1).运动行为学实验发现:与28℃相比,18℃低温下WT和tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的移动距离、平均速度和活跃度均显著降低(P<0.000 1);同时发现在28℃和18℃条件下,tp53^(-/-)斑马鱼的移动距离、平均速度和活跃度均显著高于WT组.研究结果说明tp53参与斑马鱼的低温响应过程,敲除tp53后斑马鱼的耐寒能力与运动能力增强.本文为鱼类的低温耐受机制和运动行为学研究提供了新思路.
