Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Abnormal Movements in Children from 2 Months to 15 Years in the Pediatric Department of Gabriel Toure University Hospital Centre of Bamako

Introduction: Abnormal or involuntary movements correspond to a disorder in the programming and/or execution of movement. They have two characteristics;they are hardly or not at all controlled by the will and occur in the absence of any paralysis. Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of abnormal (involuntary) movements in children aged 2 months to 15 years. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study from January 2016 to December 2018 of children aged 2 months to 15 years seen in neuropediatric consultations for abnormal movements. Results: During the study period 1920 children were seen in neuropediatric consultations and 57 presented with abnormal movements, i.e. a frequency of 2.96%. Children aged between 6 and 60 months were the most affected (54.4%). The sex ratio was 1.53. Movement abnormality was the most common reason for consultation (45.7%), followed by apyretic convulsions (28%), and laxity (5.3%). The onset was progressive in 68.4% of children. The main types of abnormal movements were chorea (31.6%), dystonia (26.3%), myoclonus (17.5%), tremor in 10.5%. The causes were infectious (73.68%). Conclusion: Abnormal movements are rare in paediatric practice. They have multiple causes and their management is urgent in certain situations that can jeopardise the future of children.

Identification of abnormal movement state and avoidance strategy for mobile robots

Abnormal movement states for a mobile robot were identified by four multi-layer perceptron. In the presence ot abnormality, avoidance strategies were designed to guarantee the safety of the robot. Firstly, the kinematics of the normal and abnormal movement states were exploited, 8 kinds of features were extracted. Secondly, 4 multi-layer pereeptrons were employed to classify the features for four 4-driving wheels into 4 kinds of states, i.e. normal, blocked, deadly blocked, and slipping. Finally, avoidance strategies were designed based on this. Experiment results show that the methods can identify most abnormal movement states and avoid the abnormality correctly and timely.

Sixty-seven Cases of Abnormal Movement of the Cardiac Apex Treated with Bu Xin Tang

Bu Xin Tang (heart-reinforcement decoction) was used to treat 67 cases of abnormal movement of the cardiac apex based on differentiation of symptoms and signs. The results showed that, in most patients, there were remarkable improvement notonly for the symptoms but also for the abnormal movement of the cardiac apex. The cured plus remarkably effective rate was 87%, suggesting that it can postponeor prevent coronary heart attacks for the patient of prophase coronary heart disease.……

The Relation between Abnormal Main Fund Movements and Subsequent Earnings Management： Political Costs and Political Connections

Movement of major fund1 flows has great impact on capital markets, especially in China. This study investigates the relationship between abnormal main fund movements and firm＇s earnings management behavior, specifically, whether the abnormal main fund movements cause firms to keep a low profile for ＂self-protection＂ from being detected by the government. The empirical results of this study suggest that： （1） The mandatory disclosure of the ＂Top-ten circulating stockholders＂ requirement does not only reduce information asymmetry between investors and listed firms, but also strengthens and improves the efficiency of related government regulations in detecting disclosure of false information. This, in turn, increases the risk of being detected for firms with earnings management activities. （2） After abnormal main fund movements, relevant firms significantly reduce the level of earnings management to avoid attention from the public and regulatory agencies. （3） Using political connections as a proxy for the ＂shield effect＂ to mask political cost, we show that the negative relation between abnormal main fund movements and earnings management exists only for the subsample of firms without political connections. This paper provides a new angle for political cost study, and suggests that traditional political cost hypothesis should be further generalized.

Encephalitis associated with autoantibody binding to the anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor:immunopathogenesis,mechanisms,and clinical characteristics

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis has been increasingly recognized in recent years.This condition may be the most common cause of antibody-mediated encephalitis worldwide.The majority of patients are young at the time of onset,female,and present with an acute-to-subacute onset of behavioral changes followed by seizure,abnormal movement,autonomic dysfunction,and finally hypoventilation with coma if left untreated.The immunopathogenesis of this disease may be due to antibody-mediated internalization of NMDARs from synapses,which results in the dysfunction of particular brain regions(especially the hippocampus and frontostriatal area).Compared to serum,the cerebrospinal fluid permits the more sensitive detection of anti-NMDAR antibody.Ovarian teratoma may be present in up to 40%of patients but is less frequent in children or late-onset disease(>45 years old).The severity at the time of disease onset and time to appropriate immunotherapy(high-dose steroid plus plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin)are independent factors that are associated with good outcomes.