The mechanism of Abnormal Savda Munziq for the treatment of Abnormal Savda Syndrome in Greek-Uighur medicine:a systematic review

Abnormal Savda Munziq is a well-known complex prescription of TUM for adjust and regulate Abnormal Savda,and widely used in the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases such as cancer,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and memory dysfunction,the diseases which are associated with Abnormal Savda and whose symptomatic expression is known as abnormal Savda Syndrome.In this review,we discuss the possible mechanism of Abnormal Savda Munziq for the treatment of Abnormal Savda Syndrome.

Abnormal Savda Syndrome:Long-Term Consequences of Emotional and Physical Stress on Endocrine and Immune Activities in An Animal Model

Objective： To investigate the relationship between emotional status, cold-dry environment and long-term immune responses to the stressors, and the potential pathological mechanisms between causative factors of abnormal Savda syndrome （ASS） and the susceptibility to disease; thus to clarify the ASS, and secondly to identify the optimal ASS animal model for further studies on traditional Uighur therapeutical formulations. Methods： Sixty mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups： control and 3 stress groups. The cold-dry environment was applied by keeping the mice in a climatic chamber. The emotional stress was induced by the application of the repeated electric foot-shocks in the electric foot-shock apparatus. The mice of the combined stress group underwent the repeated electric foot-shock treatment before being housed in the climatic chamber. The experimental routine was repeated for 21 days. In order to look into endocrine and immune stress responses, ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the hormones corticotropin- releasing hormone （CRH）, adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）, Beta-endorphin （13-END） and corticosterone （CORT）, of the cytokines interleukin 2 （IL-2）, interleukin 6 （IL-6）, interferon-gamma （INF- ~/） and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-or）, and of the immunoglobulins immunoglobulin A （IgA）, immunoglobulin M （IgM） and immunoglobulin G （IgG）. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in duplicate in order to determine differences in the T cell ratio. Results： In the cold-dry environment group, the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas serum 13 -END was not found significantly different. In both the repeated electric foot-shock group as well as in the combined stress group the serum levels of CRH, ACTH, 13 -END and CORT were significantly higher. Compared to the control animals, the serum concentration of INF-,y was significantly lower in all three different stress groups. The serum level of IL-2 was decreased in the combined stress group whereas the serum TNF-~x level was significantly higher. The serum IgG level was significantly higher in all three stress groups, whereas the IgA level was lower in both chronic electric foot-shock group and combined stress group. The IgM level was found significantly higher in the combined stress group only. The percentage of CD4＋ cells in peripheral blood was dramatically decreased in mice exposed to cold- dry environment, chronic electric foot-shock and combined stress, whereas the percentage of the CD8＊ subset was not significantly different. The CD4＊/CD8~ ratios were markedly lower in both cold-dry environment group and combined stress group. （Conclusions： Combined stress can cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance in the Thl/Th2 cell subset may contribute to illustrate the partial pathological mechanisms of ASS. This study identified this animal model of a combination of physical and emotional stress as an optimal model for further studies on ASS and relative therapies.

An magnetic resonance-based plasma metabonomic investigation on abnormal Savda in different complicated diseases

OBJECTIVE： To provide existence of abnormal potential evidence for the Savda, we assessed host metabonomic responses and dynamic changes oc- curring in various diseases using 1H nuclear mag- netic resonance （NMR）-based metabonomics. METHODS： Plasma samples taken from patients with complicated diseases with abnormal Savda （n= 140, including 35 cases each of diabetes, asthma, breast cancer, and cervical carcinoma） and from healthy controls （n=35） were analyzed by ~H NMR （600 MHz）, and the spectral profiles were analyzed by multivariate analysis using orthogonal projec- tion to latent structure with discriminant analysis. RESULTS： Supervised modeling of the data provid- ed very good discrimination between patients and healthy controls. Compared with ,the healthy controls, the patient groups with different disease con- ditions displayed similar metabolic changes, characterized by lower creatine, creatinine, lactate, and amino acid levels （including isoleucine, leucine, va- line, alanine, and 1-methylhistidine） and higher lip- id levels （very low-density lipoproteins and unsatu- rated lipids）. Additionally, cancer patients （breast and cervical） showed decreased myo-inositol, a-glucose, and 13-glucose, and increased pyruvate and carnitine in plasma. CONCLUSION： The data indicate that decreased ox- idative defense, liver function abnormalities, amino acid deficiencies, and energy metabolism disorders are common characteristics of complicated diseas- es, which may be related to the formation of abnor- mal Savda.

Effect of Abnormal Savda Munziq on Hypertrophic Scar Formation in A Rabbit Ear Model

Objective： To investigate whether administrating Abnormal Savda Munziq （ASMq）, a traditional Uighur herbal preparation used for the prevention or treatment of diseases, affects hypertrophic scar （HTS） formation by using an established rabbit ear model. Methods： The HTS rabbit model was created by circular full- thickness skin excisions on both ears of rabbits. Twenty rabbits were randomized into four groups, with 5 rabbits and 60 wounds in each group. Group A was the control group, treated with normal saline daily. Groups B, C, and D were the treatment groups at three different doses of ASMq （400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, daily, by gastrogavage）. Twenty wounds were randomly chosen from each group on the 40th day after treatment and specimen were examined. Scar elevation index （SEI） was analyzed with histological assessment, and ultrastructure analysis was analyzed with a transmission electron microscopy. Results： Groups B, C, and D demonstrated significant reductions in SEI as compared with the control group at 35.9% （P=0.0212）, 48.2% （P=0.0108）, and 52.7% （P=0.0103）, respectively in a dose-response manner. SEI was lowered in Group D compared with Group B with a significant difference （P=0.015）. However, there were no significant differences between Groups B and C, or between Groups C and D. Histological analysis showed that high- dose ASMq （1200 mg/kg） could enhance the softening of HTS of rabbit ears and increase the compliance as shown in general. Ultrastructure analysis showed that with increased ASMq dose, the fibroblasts, pro-collagen, collagen, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes were reduced gradually. Conclusions： Orally administered ASMq significantly reduces the severity of HTS in the rabbit ear model. The findings of this study may have clinical implications on the management of human HTS.