Absurdity originated from French existentialism,and Martin Esslin,in categorizing Waiting for Godot as a theater of the absurd,ignores the positive aspects of Camus’s absurdism and regards that as an existential trag...Absurdity originated from French existentialism,and Martin Esslin,in categorizing Waiting for Godot as a theater of the absurd,ignores the positive aspects of Camus’s absurdism and regards that as an existential tragedy of mankind.However,the author Samuel Beckett himself did not approve of such a definition,believing that Esslin’s definition of theater of the absurd was too judgmental and pessimistic.Through the imagery of boots,ropes,hats and baggage in Waiting for Godot,Beckett reveals the rootlessness,constraint and agony of the minds of people born into absurdity in the early 20th century.The luck of Lucky is Beckett’s use of irony:people who have lost the ability to think for themselves escape the absurdity and dystopia of life and descend to slaves.Gogo and Didi,who are waiting and expecting,and thinking in the midst of absurdity,represent“Godot”,the symbol of hope.Their endurance in waiting,akin to Camus’s Sisyphus,underscores a form of existential defiance that challenges the notion of absolute pessimism in absurdist literature.展开更多
The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater...The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater basins in Jordan are vertically and horizontally interconnected stratification in different water quality horizons with generally increasing water salinity with the depth is observed. Many officials and planners advocate the extraction of deep salty and brackish water to be desalinated and used in household, industrial, and agricultural uses. In this article, the quality of the groundwater in the different deep aquifers and areas in Jordan is discussed. The results of this study show that the consequences of the deep groundwater exploitation are not restricted to depletion of the deep aquifers but also that the overlying fresh groundwater will, due to vertical and horizontal interconnectedness of the different aquifers, percolate down to replace the extracted deep groundwater. This will cause the down-percolating fresh groundwater to become salinized in the deep saline aquifers, which means that extracting the deep brackish and saline groundwater is not only an emptying process of the deep groundwater but also it is an emptying process of the fresh groundwater overlying them. The results allow to conclude that any extraction of the deep groundwater in areas lying to the north of Ras en Naqab Escarpment will have damaging impacts on the fresh groundwater in the overlying fresh groundwater aquifers. This article strongly advises not to extract the deep brackish and saline groundwater, but to conserve that groundwater as a base supporting the overlying fresh groundwater resources, and that will help in protecting the thermal mineralized water springs used in spas originating from these deep aquifers. The increasing water needs of the country can be covered by the desalination of seawater at Aqaba, which is the only viable option for Jordan at present and in the coming decades.展开更多
Catch-22,which is written by Joseph Heller,can be recognized as the "Modern Classic" of American literature,and this fiction uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration,describing ...Catch-22,which is written by Joseph Heller,can be recognized as the "Modern Classic" of American literature,and this fiction uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration,describing the stories from different figures' visual angles.The novel features tragic content with comic form,anti-hero and illogical narrative structure.Catch-22,which no one can get out of,is not a simple rule;in other words,it's really a snare and this no-win situation exists in every corner of people's daily time.展开更多
This paper aims to analyze some postmodern features shown in The Glass Mountain by Donald Barthelme,which could be roughly categorized into two types:1) Parody and collage in terms of the writing techniques;2) Absurdi...This paper aims to analyze some postmodern features shown in The Glass Mountain by Donald Barthelme,which could be roughly categorized into two types:1) Parody and collage in terms of the writing techniques;2) Absurdity,ugliness,and uncertainty in terms of the content.展开更多
Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure an...Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure and grotesque stagecraft.展开更多
The elements of Sartre's existentialism are shown in Shirley Jackson's The Lottery: The world abounds with absurdities and bitterness; people can be the hell to each other; an individual has a free choice and ...The elements of Sartre's existentialism are shown in Shirley Jackson's The Lottery: The world abounds with absurdities and bitterness; people can be the hell to each other; an individual has a free choice and act, but should be responsible for his or her behavior. Shirley discusses the problem of the existence of an individual in the complex web of society and environment in The Lottery, just as Sartre in his works of existentialism.展开更多
Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a differe...Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.展开更多
Absurdity is the most distinctive feature of the early works of Harold Pinter. The nature of absurdity is the purposelessness of life without the balance and harmony between men and environment. This paper analyzes th...Absurdity is the most distinctive feature of the early works of Harold Pinter. The nature of absurdity is the purposelessness of life without the balance and harmony between men and environment. This paper analyzes the distinctive style of Pinter to mainly analyze the application and reflection of the absurd style of Pinter in his plays, and highlight its expressing forms through the analysis on the plot, characters and languages.展开更多
Joseph Heller is regarded as one of best American writers and his Catch-22 as one of the most significant works whichcontains a lot of elements of black humor in it. This paper aims to explore and analyse the art of b...Joseph Heller is regarded as one of best American writers and his Catch-22 as one of the most significant works whichcontains a lot of elements of black humor in it. This paper aims to explore and analyse the art of black humor in Catch-22 reflectedin the title, the context, the plot, the way of narration, the use of language and the character's creation and reveals the practical sig-nificance in the present time.展开更多
Existentialism is one of the most representative trends of thought of philosophy in early 1990s, which probes pe-ople’s anxiety and alienation in an absurd and menacing world. Harold Pinter, 2005 Nobel Laureate for L...Existentialism is one of the most representative trends of thought of philosophy in early 1990s, which probes pe-ople’s anxiety and alienation in an absurd and menacing world. Harold Pinter, 2005 Nobel Laureate for Literature, originated a style of play which is named“Pinteresque”for the reveal of human beings’existence in universal ominous threat and ab-surdity. The paper explores Existentialism in one of Pinter’s famous play The Dumb Waiter and holds that Gus’s tragedy re-sults from both external forces and internal choices.展开更多
To most contemporary readers and audiences alike,The Zoo Story is an often-forgotten play;however,it is belongs to the category of the classics,which is mind-blowing,interesting and enjoyable.Considered as a represent...To most contemporary readers and audiences alike,The Zoo Story is an often-forgotten play;however,it is belongs to the category of the classics,which is mind-blowing,interesting and enjoyable.Considered as a representative work of"Theatre of the Absurd",it explores seriously the significance in humanity’s spiritual,moral,and intellectual life.The failure to communicate is graphically illustrated in the story of Jerry and the Dog,which may happen to almost everyone in the modern society.展开更多
Endgame,the most difficult and elusive play by Samuel Beckett,sketches the post-war social spirit and norm.Absurd as the plot is,this paper is aimed at disclosing the truth of the world,of life,and of human nature cov...Endgame,the most difficult and elusive play by Samuel Beckett,sketches the post-war social spirit and norm.Absurd as the plot is,this paper is aimed at disclosing the truth of the world,of life,and of human nature covered in the setting of stage,the cyclical actions and the philosophic conversation.展开更多
The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage...The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.展开更多
The element of absurd in Shakespeare's plays has its roots in Old Testament wisdom literature, particularly in the book of Ecclesiastes. The thesis gives some examples from the book of Ecclesiastes to present the ...The element of absurd in Shakespeare's plays has its roots in Old Testament wisdom literature, particularly in the book of Ecclesiastes. The thesis gives some examples from the book of Ecclesiastes to present the existence of the absurd and shows several elements in Hamlet.展开更多
The Ballad of the Sad Caféis one of Mc Cullers’masterpieces.By depicting the triangle love story among the main characters—Miss Amelia,hunchbacked Cousin Lymon and Marvin Macy,the novella reveals the incredible...The Ballad of the Sad Caféis one of Mc Cullers’masterpieces.By depicting the triangle love story among the main characters—Miss Amelia,hunchbacked Cousin Lymon and Marvin Macy,the novella reveals the incredible complexity of human nature.By analyzing the absurd town,Miss Amelia’s free choices and the hellish relationship between its main characters from the Existentialist perspective,the main propositions of Existentialism have also been vividly reflected and also help to reveal the philosophical and social realistic significances behind the novella.展开更多
Beckett, as one of the most significant absurd dramatist, believes that life was absurd, beyond human rationality, meaningless, with its conception of circularity and non-meaning. In this essay, the author will analyz...Beckett, as one of the most significant absurd dramatist, believes that life was absurd, beyond human rationality, meaningless, with its conception of circularity and non-meaning. In this essay, the author will analyze the absurdity in Beckett's famous play Endgame through the detailed analysis of the absurd form and motifs. The absurd form is reflected as following: first, there is just situation without usual dramatic plot; second, there is no detailed description of the characters; third, the setting is bleak and little, and the absurd motifs include: the absurd relationship of the human; the deep feeling of nihilism; and the absurd living state of human.展开更多
The fictions of Franz Kafka are full of many ironical allegories.Through the analysis of the great suffering of the family caused by the transformation of the protagonist into a monster in"the metamorphosis"...The fictions of Franz Kafka are full of many ironical allegories.Through the analysis of the great suffering of the family caused by the transformation of the protagonist into a monster in"the metamorphosis"by Franz Kafka,especially on the basis of elaborating the internal artistic characteristics in this story,this paper tends to show that the writer penetratingly described the human feelings of extreme loneliness and solitude in the modern society and he also attacked the society at that time through the technique of his absurd and paradoxical expression.展开更多
文摘Absurdity originated from French existentialism,and Martin Esslin,in categorizing Waiting for Godot as a theater of the absurd,ignores the positive aspects of Camus’s absurdism and regards that as an existential tragedy of mankind.However,the author Samuel Beckett himself did not approve of such a definition,believing that Esslin’s definition of theater of the absurd was too judgmental and pessimistic.Through the imagery of boots,ropes,hats and baggage in Waiting for Godot,Beckett reveals the rootlessness,constraint and agony of the minds of people born into absurdity in the early 20th century.The luck of Lucky is Beckett’s use of irony:people who have lost the ability to think for themselves escape the absurdity and dystopia of life and descend to slaves.Gogo and Didi,who are waiting and expecting,and thinking in the midst of absurdity,represent“Godot”,the symbol of hope.Their endurance in waiting,akin to Camus’s Sisyphus,underscores a form of existential defiance that challenges the notion of absolute pessimism in absurdist literature.
文摘The deep aquifers in Jordan contain non-renewable and fossil groundwater and their extraction is quasi a mining process, which ends in the depletion of these resources. Although aquifers in the majority of groundwater basins in Jordan are vertically and horizontally interconnected stratification in different water quality horizons with generally increasing water salinity with the depth is observed. Many officials and planners advocate the extraction of deep salty and brackish water to be desalinated and used in household, industrial, and agricultural uses. In this article, the quality of the groundwater in the different deep aquifers and areas in Jordan is discussed. The results of this study show that the consequences of the deep groundwater exploitation are not restricted to depletion of the deep aquifers but also that the overlying fresh groundwater will, due to vertical and horizontal interconnectedness of the different aquifers, percolate down to replace the extracted deep groundwater. This will cause the down-percolating fresh groundwater to become salinized in the deep saline aquifers, which means that extracting the deep brackish and saline groundwater is not only an emptying process of the deep groundwater but also it is an emptying process of the fresh groundwater overlying them. The results allow to conclude that any extraction of the deep groundwater in areas lying to the north of Ras en Naqab Escarpment will have damaging impacts on the fresh groundwater in the overlying fresh groundwater aquifers. This article strongly advises not to extract the deep brackish and saline groundwater, but to conserve that groundwater as a base supporting the overlying fresh groundwater resources, and that will help in protecting the thermal mineralized water springs used in spas originating from these deep aquifers. The increasing water needs of the country can be covered by the desalination of seawater at Aqaba, which is the only viable option for Jordan at present and in the coming decades.
文摘Catch-22,which is written by Joseph Heller,can be recognized as the "Modern Classic" of American literature,and this fiction uses a distinctive non-chronological third-person omniscient narration,describing the stories from different figures' visual angles.The novel features tragic content with comic form,anti-hero and illogical narrative structure.Catch-22,which no one can get out of,is not a simple rule;in other words,it's really a snare and this no-win situation exists in every corner of people's daily time.
文摘This paper aims to analyze some postmodern features shown in The Glass Mountain by Donald Barthelme,which could be roughly categorized into two types:1) Parody and collage in terms of the writing techniques;2) Absurdity,ugliness,and uncertainty in terms of the content.
文摘Happy Days,one of Samuel Beckett's renowned works,is remarkable for its absurdity.The paper approaches the predominant feature from such aspects as fragmented characters,disconnected language,peculiar structure and grotesque stagecraft.
文摘The elements of Sartre's existentialism are shown in Shirley Jackson's The Lottery: The world abounds with absurdities and bitterness; people can be the hell to each other; an individual has a free choice and act, but should be responsible for his or her behavior. Shirley discusses the problem of the existence of an individual in the complex web of society and environment in The Lottery, just as Sartre in his works of existentialism.
文摘Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.
文摘Absurdity is the most distinctive feature of the early works of Harold Pinter. The nature of absurdity is the purposelessness of life without the balance and harmony between men and environment. This paper analyzes the distinctive style of Pinter to mainly analyze the application and reflection of the absurd style of Pinter in his plays, and highlight its expressing forms through the analysis on the plot, characters and languages.
文摘Joseph Heller is regarded as one of best American writers and his Catch-22 as one of the most significant works whichcontains a lot of elements of black humor in it. This paper aims to explore and analyse the art of black humor in Catch-22 reflectedin the title, the context, the plot, the way of narration, the use of language and the character's creation and reveals the practical sig-nificance in the present time.
文摘Existentialism is one of the most representative trends of thought of philosophy in early 1990s, which probes pe-ople’s anxiety and alienation in an absurd and menacing world. Harold Pinter, 2005 Nobel Laureate for Literature, originated a style of play which is named“Pinteresque”for the reveal of human beings’existence in universal ominous threat and ab-surdity. The paper explores Existentialism in one of Pinter’s famous play The Dumb Waiter and holds that Gus’s tragedy re-sults from both external forces and internal choices.
文摘To most contemporary readers and audiences alike,The Zoo Story is an often-forgotten play;however,it is belongs to the category of the classics,which is mind-blowing,interesting and enjoyable.Considered as a representative work of"Theatre of the Absurd",it explores seriously the significance in humanity’s spiritual,moral,and intellectual life.The failure to communicate is graphically illustrated in the story of Jerry and the Dog,which may happen to almost everyone in the modern society.
文摘Endgame,the most difficult and elusive play by Samuel Beckett,sketches the post-war social spirit and norm.Absurd as the plot is,this paper is aimed at disclosing the truth of the world,of life,and of human nature covered in the setting of stage,the cyclical actions and the philosophic conversation.
文摘The paper focuses on the analysis of the intertexts to show the reality hidden inside Barthelme＇s The glass mountain. Barthelme is a representative of postmodernism. He employs typical writing skills, such as collage, fragments and discontinuous narratives, in The glass mountain to illustrate absurdity in the text. As a centerpiece of postmodernism, this fiction can be correctly interpreted by the way of intertextuality, which is a key to reveal the text＇s absurdity. Through such comparison, readers can understand that the purpose of absurd writing is to demonstrate reality in the modern world.
文摘The element of absurd in Shakespeare's plays has its roots in Old Testament wisdom literature, particularly in the book of Ecclesiastes. The thesis gives some examples from the book of Ecclesiastes to present the existence of the absurd and shows several elements in Hamlet.
文摘The Ballad of the Sad Caféis one of Mc Cullers’masterpieces.By depicting the triangle love story among the main characters—Miss Amelia,hunchbacked Cousin Lymon and Marvin Macy,the novella reveals the incredible complexity of human nature.By analyzing the absurd town,Miss Amelia’s free choices and the hellish relationship between its main characters from the Existentialist perspective,the main propositions of Existentialism have also been vividly reflected and also help to reveal the philosophical and social realistic significances behind the novella.
文摘Beckett, as one of the most significant absurd dramatist, believes that life was absurd, beyond human rationality, meaningless, with its conception of circularity and non-meaning. In this essay, the author will analyze the absurdity in Beckett's famous play Endgame through the detailed analysis of the absurd form and motifs. The absurd form is reflected as following: first, there is just situation without usual dramatic plot; second, there is no detailed description of the characters; third, the setting is bleak and little, and the absurd motifs include: the absurd relationship of the human; the deep feeling of nihilism; and the absurd living state of human.
文摘The fictions of Franz Kafka are full of many ironical allegories.Through the analysis of the great suffering of the family caused by the transformation of the protagonist into a monster in"the metamorphosis"by Franz Kafka,especially on the basis of elaborating the internal artistic characteristics in this story,this paper tends to show that the writer penetratingly described the human feelings of extreme loneliness and solitude in the modern society and he also attacked the society at that time through the technique of his absurd and paradoxical expression.
