When a child abuse situation arises, the responsible agencies and entities in charge of response should be capable of providing a fast and personalized solution for the good of the child. This need leads the authors t...When a child abuse situation arises, the responsible agencies and entities in charge of response should be capable of providing a fast and personalized solution for the good of the child. This need leads the authors to consider the formation of dynamic virtual organizations tailored to each particular abuse case. In the authors＇ approach the partner selection of these collaborative networks is done through a software tool that combines two technologies from the field of artificial intelligence, specifically multi-agent systems and expert systems. In addition, these partners come from the breeding environment constituted by all the agencies or individuals, either in a region or locality, which have the potential of response.展开更多
Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approache...Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use.For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents,a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional IntelligenceResistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use,to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study.A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan,a city in central China,were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups.The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge,development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements.The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session.Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic items,self-reported drug use behavior,cognition,attitude,and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills.Three months after the intervention,significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P【0.05) between the intervention and control groups.Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge,motivation and peer resistance skills (P【0.05),but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P】0.05).It was concluded that the CMER program,which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills,was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan,China.展开更多
The number of deaths caused by child abuse is increasing, which is one of social concerns. The mental health of mothers might be related to child abuse. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the mental stat...The number of deaths caused by child abuse is increasing, which is one of social concerns. The mental health of mothers might be related to child abuse. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the mental state of mothers in both the antepartum and postpartum period assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Mother-Infant-Bonding-Scale (MIBS), and compare the results. Participants (n = 134) were recruited twice in antepartum medical checkups (20 to 36 weeks of gestation) and postpartum medical checkups (1 month after birth). Information on characteristics of participants was collected from medical records in both periods. Family function and ante-postpartum mental health were assessed by Family APGAR, EPDS, and MIBS. Antepartum depressive state was related to postpartum depressive state (p = 0.015), antepartum bonding was related to bonding in postpartum bonding (p = 0.0001), and antepartum bonding disorder was related to postpartum depressive state (relative risk = 11.7). Worries about costs and poor of family function were related to the mental health of mothers in both the antepartum and postpartum periods. Antepartum depressive state is an indicator of postpartum depression. We suggested that health professionals conduct an evaluation of mother’s mental health and related factors in the antepartum period. The present findings emphasize the importance of antepartum mental health as a predictor of postpartum depression and bonding disorder.展开更多
Our understanding of the abuse of intellectual property rights （IPR） should be based on a thorough clarification of the relationship between the exercise of such rights and their abuse. Although the two are related,...Our understanding of the abuse of intellectual property rights （IPR） should be based on a thorough clarification of the relationship between the exercise of such rights and their abuse. Although the two are related, they definitely cannot be simplistically equated. This is because exercising such rights outside the sphere of IPR is not an abuse of IPR. Whether the act of exercising IPR on an exclusive basis constitutes an abuse of IPR must be determined by whether it is legitimate. Inappropriate exercise of IPR is essentially different from abuse of IPR. To prevent acts of IPR abuse, we need to think in terms of institutional rationality. Such thinking .is twofold. On the one hand, it involves resolving conflicts of interests arising from IPR use on the basis of legal justice and making correct judgments about conflicts of interests and legal justice, so as to strike a balance between the satisfaction of interests and public order and security. On the other, it encourages us to devote more attention to the social function of IPR on the basis of private rights. Modem societies are not only obliged to promote the cause of protecting private rights; they should also place greater emphasis on the social function of rights, and especially on enhancing the relationship between social development and the social function of IPR.展开更多
文摘When a child abuse situation arises, the responsible agencies and entities in charge of response should be capable of providing a fast and personalized solution for the good of the child. This need leads the authors to consider the formation of dynamic virtual organizations tailored to each particular abuse case. In the authors＇ approach the partner selection of these collaborative networks is done through a software tool that combines two technologies from the field of artificial intelligence, specifically multi-agent systems and expert systems. In addition, these partners come from the breeding environment constituted by all the agencies or individuals, either in a region or locality, which have the potential of response.
文摘Drug abuse continues to be a serious public health threat worldwide.Most drug abuse prevention research has been conducted with predominantly American or European adolescent populations.Little is known about approaches that work best to prevent the initiation of Chinese adolescent drug use.For targeting risk factors of drug initiation in Chinese adolescents,a school-based health intervention program named "Cognition-Motivation-Emotional IntelligenceResistance Skills" (CMER) was developed to enhance cognition upon drug use,to decrease motivation of drug use and to improve emotional adjusting and drug resistance skills in this study.A total of 798 students from 3 senior high schools in Wuhan,a city in central China,were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups.The intervention group received the CMER program in which knowledge,development of positive attitude and motivation towards drugs and training of peer resistance skills were basic elements.The immediate impact was compared by measuring the above mentioned elements prior to and three-month after the training session.Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire.The questionnaire included demographic items,self-reported drug use behavior,cognition,attitude,and motivation associated with the initiation of drug use and resistance skills.Three months after the intervention,significant effects were found on "illegal substance use at least once" (P【0.05) between the intervention and control groups.Immediate effects of the intervention were also found on knowledge,motivation and peer resistance skills (P【0.05),but there was no clear evidence for any effects on attitude towards substance use (P】0.05).It was concluded that the CMER program,which significantly increased the knowledge of drugs and peer resistance skills,was effective in the drug abuse prevention in a sample of school students in Wuhan,China.
文摘The number of deaths caused by child abuse is increasing, which is one of social concerns. The mental health of mothers might be related to child abuse. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the mental state of mothers in both the antepartum and postpartum period assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Mother-Infant-Bonding-Scale (MIBS), and compare the results. Participants (n = 134) were recruited twice in antepartum medical checkups (20 to 36 weeks of gestation) and postpartum medical checkups (1 month after birth). Information on characteristics of participants was collected from medical records in both periods. Family function and ante-postpartum mental health were assessed by Family APGAR, EPDS, and MIBS. Antepartum depressive state was related to postpartum depressive state (p = 0.015), antepartum bonding was related to bonding in postpartum bonding (p = 0.0001), and antepartum bonding disorder was related to postpartum depressive state (relative risk = 11.7). Worries about costs and poor of family function were related to the mental health of mothers in both the antepartum and postpartum periods. Antepartum depressive state is an indicator of postpartum depression. We suggested that health professionals conduct an evaluation of mother’s mental health and related factors in the antepartum period. The present findings emphasize the importance of antepartum mental health as a predictor of postpartum depression and bonding disorder.
文摘Our understanding of the abuse of intellectual property rights （IPR） should be based on a thorough clarification of the relationship between the exercise of such rights and their abuse. Although the two are related, they definitely cannot be simplistically equated. This is because exercising such rights outside the sphere of IPR is not an abuse of IPR. Whether the act of exercising IPR on an exclusive basis constitutes an abuse of IPR must be determined by whether it is legitimate. Inappropriate exercise of IPR is essentially different from abuse of IPR. To prevent acts of IPR abuse, we need to think in terms of institutional rationality. Such thinking .is twofold. On the one hand, it involves resolving conflicts of interests arising from IPR use on the basis of legal justice and making correct judgments about conflicts of interests and legal justice, so as to strike a balance between the satisfaction of interests and public order and security. On the other, it encourages us to devote more attention to the social function of IPR on the basis of private rights. Modem societies are not only obliged to promote the cause of protecting private rights; they should also place greater emphasis on the social function of rights, and especially on enhancing the relationship between social development and the social function of IPR.
