Characterization of Small-Scale Farmers and Assessment of Their Access to Crop Production Information in Selected Counties of Kenya

Small-scale farming accounts for 78% of total agricultural production in Kenya and contributes to 23.5% of the country’s GDP. Their crop production activities are mostly rainfed subsistence with any surplus being sold to bring in some income. Timely decisions on farm practices such as farm preparation and planting are critical determinants of the seasonal outcomes. In Kenya, most small-scale farmers have no reliable source of information that would help them make timely and accurate decisions. County governments have extension officers who are mandated with giving farmers advisory services to farmers but they are not able to reach most farmers due to facilitation constraints. The mode and format of sharing information is also critical since it’s important to ensure that it’s timely, well-understood and usable. This study sought to assess access to geospatial derived and other crop production information by farmers in four selected counties of Kenya. Specific objectives were to determine the profile of small-scale farmers in terms of age, education and farm size;to determine the type of information that is made available to them by County and Sub-County extension officers including the format and mode of provision;and to determine if the information provided was useful in terms of accuracy, timeliness and adequacy. The results indicated that over 80% of the farmers were over 35 years of age and over 56% were male. Majority had attained primary education (34%) or secondary education (29%) and most farmers in all the counties grew maize (71%). Notably, fellow farmers were a source of information (71%) with the frequency of sharing information being mostly seasonal (37%) and when information was available (43%). Over 66% of interviewed farmers indicating that they faced challenges while using provided information. The results from the study are insightful and helpful in determining effective ways of providing farmers with useful information to ensure maximum benefits.

Challenges and New Directions of Information Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in China: From the Perspective of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Accessibility is the basis and prerequisite for persons with disabilities to enjoy and exercise all human rights and fundamental freedoms With the rapid development of the internet, providing and promoting information accessibility is considered an important obligation for the State In the process of transforming international human rights law into domestic law, how to deal with the human rights protection of persons with disabilities and the obligations of the private sector to ensure persons with disabilities receive services and products that meet the requirements and principles of information accessibility has become a development issue in the new era Against the backdrop of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and in the context of the booming development of the cause of persons with disabilities in China, legal scholars, persons with disabilities, and organizations have jointly proposed the Beijing Initiative on the Principles of Information Accessibility for Science and Technology Products It clarifies that the private sector should embrace the human rights model advocated by the Convention in terms of information accessibility, and provide equal participation for persons with disabilities in the process of designing, producing and selling scientific and technological products The Initiative also states that the private sector should keep pace with the United Nation’s sustainable development goals and the basic national policy of building a well-to-do society in an all round way, ensuring persons with disabilities are included within a moderately well-off society It also provides civil opinions on the formulation and clarification of relevant laws in the future.

Men with prostate cancer and the accessibility to information—a literature review

Objective: To explore possible consequences of short stays in hospitals, as these short contacts reduce the patients’ time for information and support. Method: A literature survey was carried out to get an insight in possible consequences by summarizing the state of knowledge on how men with prostate cancer undergoing prostatec-tomy surgery experience their contacts with the healthcare professionals. Results: A consequence is that often men with prostate cancer, treated with prostatectomy surgery, do not receive the individualized support, infor-mation, and dialogue they need, which leads to feelings of uncertainty, insecurity, and loss of control. The men use the Internet in their search for information and support, which makes them able to stay in control and be active, responsible partners in their own course of treatment. Conclusion: For men to feel secure and certain the accessibility of the healthcare professionals and the healthcare professionals’ ability to individualize information and support are important aspects. Practice Implications: It is relevant to provide male cancer patients with tools that can underpin their contact to the healthcare professionals. Utilizing Web 2.0 technologies, Internet based tools can support exchange-ability, towards dialogue-based contacts, between men with prostate cancer and healthcare professionals.

A Study on the Difference of Information Acquisition Ability among Students in Higher Vocational Colleges

The explosive growth of all kinds of online information brought by mobile Internet has brought challenges to the information acquisition ability of students in higher education institutions. In order to explore the differences, influencing factors and ways to improve the information acquisition of college students in higher education institutions, 306 questionnaires from students in five higher vocational colleges were collected and analyzed. It was found that there was no significant difference in the information acquisition ability of students by gender. However, the majors of higher vocational college students have a significant impact on their information acquisition ability. It was suggested to taking comprehensive measures to improve the information acquisition ability of students in higher vocational colleges according to their characteristics.

Public access to information and open governance in Kenya

This paper investigates the role of public access to information in open governance in Kenya;identifies the factors affecting access to public information in Kenya;establishes the extent to which access to public information has influenced open governance in Kenya;and recommends strategies to enhance open governance through access of public information in Kenya.The paper is based on a qualitative study designed as an exploratory survey.Qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews with staff of the Commission on Administrative Justice(Office of the Ombudsman),which is tasked with implementing the Act,and documentary analysis.Content analysis of reports generated by implementing or oversight agencies was also conducted.The findings of the study show that the implementation of the Access to Information Act(2016)has had major contributions to the attainment of Kenya's commitments to open governance.Access to information underlies initiatives relating to open data sharing,beneficial ownership and access to justice.However,the implementation of the Act in Kenya faces challenges such as lack of funding,corruption,low levels of citizen awareness,and a culture of secrecy.The study recommends that the government should set up monitoring mechanisms to evaluate milestones of open governance initiatives such as the Act so as to be able to better evaluate the contributions of each commitment internally rather than relying on external evaluators.

高校实验室安全准入信息化建设研究

对当前高校实验室安全的实际情况全面分析,信息化将作为今后实验室安全管理的主要手段。文章通过基于C/S和B/S相结合的软件体系结构,以浙江农林大学实验室安全准入系统的建设为例,从制度建设与安全准入系统建设相结合的实验室安全准入管理模式入手,全面阐述了实验室安全准入制度建设与其信息化管理平台的探索与开发过程,由此构建全方位的实验室安全准入管理模式,以期对实验室安全管理提供借鉴。

面向中小企业信息化的ASP平台研究与开发

针对目前中小企业在实施信息化过程中存在的问题和困难,论述了ASP模式的特点及其在信息化领域中的优势。分析了ASP平台的总体结构与关键技术。在此基础上,构建了面向中小企业信息化的ASP平台。给出了应用服务提供商模式应用软件的集成方法与功能选配自定制方案,并采用多重审核机制来解决平台用户的访问控制问题。该平台将成为合肥市支持中小企业信息化的重要支撑平台。

集团客户信息化接入技术方案探讨

随着通信技术在信息化建设领域的发展,集团客户接入,成为电信运营商特别是固网非主导运营商固定数据业务主要面向的用户群。集团客户有构建统一信息网络的需求,往往要求多种业务综合解决,包含话音和数据业务等。对集团客户信息化的业务需求、用户业务类型以及发展阶段进行了分析,然后对适用于集团客户信息化的接入技术方案进行了技术分析和比较。

FTTx推动我国信息化建设

我国电信运营商从2007年底开始的"光进铜退"战略,使我国光纤宽带接入FTTx得到快速的发展,从而进一步推动了宽带增值业务的发展。本文首先介绍国内外光纤接入的发展情况,然后分析宽带业务发展的主要驱动因素,及其对我国信息化建设的推动作用。

The differenced of characteristics of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy: A cross-sectional study among married of male in Indonesia

Background and aims:Indonesian government is regulating a family planning program to restricted fertility among reproductive aged.However,participated of married male for using contraceptive is very lowest in Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 of married male(84 of condom method and 84 of vasectomy method)from April to August 2019 in Jember regency of East Java,Indonesia using purposive sampling method.A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sociodemographic and contraceptive method of participants.Chi square test was performed to analyze the differences of characteristic of contraceptive method of condom and vasectomy among married male(P<0.05).Results:There were a significant differenced ethnic(χ^2=7.664,P-value=0.006)and access of information(χ^2=8.111,P-value=0.044)between condom and vasectomy method among married male.Conclusion:Characteristics of ethnic and access information are related with contraceptive method choosing for using condom and vasectomy among married male in Indonesia.Therefore,accessibility of contraceptive method through health education should be implemented for married male in Indonesia setting regarding their social and cultural context.

高校图书馆无线局域网方案浅析

中国的教育信息化进程需要全面的提速。结合大学图书馆对网络的实际需求,需要设计出一种能够适合未来图书馆发展和读者需求的普适的信息网络组建方案。文章从无线网络发展的背景与概况,优势与特点以及具体实施方案等方面对建立高校图书馆无线局域网展开探讨。参考文献4。

INFORMATION ACCESSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES--A CASE STUDY OF INFORMATION ACCESSIBILITY DURING THE NEW CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK

Barrier-free information construction has not been included in the information disclosure system for public emergencies in China.This makes it difficult for obstacle groups to obtain government information timely.By contrast,social forces,sign language videos and online accessible mini programs all give quick responds,which to some extent,bridge the information gap during the pandemic.This phenomenon is caused by the insufficient construction of information accessibility within the legal system,and the lack of popularization of accessibility concepts.The corresponding departments should improve the legal system of information accessibility by incorporating it into the information disclosure system for public emergencies in China.This will speed up the construction of modern public cultural service systems,promote the development of TV sign language hosting,and improve awareness of accessibility in science and technology to promote the design standards and principles of network accessibility and improve the dissemination of barrier-free information,hence meeting the information needs of barrier-free groups for major public emergencies.

How Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality Benefit the Elderly and Individuals with Disabilities

The growing and evolving use of emerging technology including Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Virtual Reality(VR),has significantly impacted the lives of two specific groups-the elderly and the disabled.This paper investigates potential reasons for this phenomenon.Clearly,AI and VR Technology alters the everyday lives of people with disabilities and how they navigate the world.Technological developments increasingly work to address the isolation that people with disabilities as well as the elderly experience for they are often unable or limited in how they engage with their communities.This research paper outlines the way technology has improved social communication,information distribution,and day-to-day living for those with disabilities and the elderly.Undoubtedly,the internet has transformed social communication and interaction for most people.Socially isolated individuals with disabilities have gained exposure to social environments through social media.Moreover,the broad range of information available on the internet has increased access to resources such as government services,health services,and social services support.On a related point,assistive devices have enabled disabled people including many seniors to overcome motor,sensory,or cognitive difficulties that may have previously hindered them from performing daily tasks.However,although AI and VR technology has been effectively integrated in the lives of those with disabilities,many such individuals lack access to commonplace technologies,like a personal computer.This paper examines how AI and VR technology has enhanced communication,information access,and everyday activities for the disabled and aging communities despite such socio-economic limitations.

企业集团组织级风险信息化管控系统的角色设计与应用

近年来,大型企业集团越来越注重生产经营活动中风险的有效管控,建立组织级的风险信息化管控系统已成为推动、落实风险管控各项措施,提升企业管理水平的重要手段。阐释了组织级风险信息化管控系统的基于角色的访问控制模型,提出具有多管理层级的大型企业集团的角色权限应用方案,并对方案的具体实现做了深入的探讨。

神华集团基于职责分离规则的访问控制管理系统建设

随着信息技术的发展,众多企业开展了信息化建设。企业得益于信息集成与共享带来的巨大收益的同时,应当加强和规范系统访问控制,规避违规授权带来的风险,满足企业内部控制要求,确保信息系统的安全稳定运行。神华集团根据多年权限治理的研究和经验,通过实施用户业务授权及合规性访问控制管理系统,构建了权限职责分离规则库,针对合规性访问风险管理、用户访问授权管理等方面,全面提升了集团集中授权和访问控制能力。

The Way to Open Access-French Strategies to Move Forward

In France, the movement in favour of open access to scientific research output is getting increasingly coordinated and supported at the political level. The CNRS, a leading research organization in Europe and signatory of the Berlin Declaration, has an evident strategic role to play in this development. Various initiatives that have emerged in the French academic world in recent years have led, for example, in early 2005 to the joint announcement, by four major research institutions, of a common policy to promote open access to published material and other types of digital resources, and to set up institutional archives. The article highlights some key issues of this policy, gives an overview of the current and past CNRS involvement in open access and describes the principal functions, as well as the related challenges, of the future institutional repositories.

Scientific Communication in the Developing World in an Open Access Mode: The SciELO Model

This paper introduces the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) program and its three main objectives. Then the paper presents the methodology of open access to scientific information by the SciELO. At last, it shows the perspectives of open access in developing countries.

BUSINESS ENTERPRISES AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ACT IN NORWAY

Making market operators responsible for having and giving access to information about their impact on the environment is an important part of changing the way the economy operates in relation to environmental sustainability. To this end, the Norwegian access to environmental information act has established a right for the public to access to environmental information from private entities such as business enterprises. In this point, the Norwegian Act goes further than international rules, such as the Aarhus Convention, and also further than any other national legislation. This article presents the rules on access to information from business enterprises, and presents and discusses examples from the implementation of these rules.

超越阅卷:司法信息化背景下的刑事被告人数据访问权研究

刑事诉讼中辩方享有阅卷权,是实现辩护的基本保障。然而,司法信息化变革给原有的阅卷权制度带来了巨大冲击,使其无法实现原有的制度目标,于是引入被告人数据访问权取代原有的阅卷权制度,从保障被告人诉讼主体地位、维护程序正义、确保实体真实的角度看,均有正当性和合理性。由于数据访问权与阅卷权既有相似之处又有区别,这为以数据访问权代替阅卷权提供了可能性。在确立被告人的数据访问权时,应注意权利主体与协助者的关系,权利运作方式如对象范围、行使方式、成本分担,以及权利的必要限制等问题,以实现其与刑事诉讼其他制度的协调。

Design of power balance SRAM for DPA-resistance

A power balance static random-access memory（SRAM） for resistance to differential power analysis（DPA） is proposed. In the proposed design, the switch power consumption and short-circuit power consumption are balanced by discharging and pre-charging the key nodes of the output circuit and adding an additional shortcircuit current path. Thus, the power consumption is constant in every read cycle. As a result, the DPA-resistant ability of the SRAM is improved. In 65 nm CMOS technology, the power balance SRAM is fully custom designed with a layout area of 5863.6 μm^2.The post-simulation results show that the normalized energy deviation（NED） and normalized standard deviation（NSD） are 0.099% and 0.04%, respectively. Compared to existing power balance circuits, the power balance ability of the proposed SRAM has improved 53%.