KDIGO标准APACHEII与SOFA评分对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者的预后评估

目的探讨急性肾损伤国际指南（KDIGO）制定的急性肾损伤（AKI）诊断分期标准、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ（APACHE1I）和序贯器官衰竭评估（SOFA）评分对脓毒症AKI患者的预后评估价值。方法前瞻收集2012—03—01～2013—03—01期间在我院ICU接受治疗的脓毒症患者的临床资料，采用KDIGO标准对脓毒症患者进行AKI诊断和分期；根据患者入ICU第1个24h内的生理指标最差值进行APACHEII和SOFA评分，并用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估3项系统对预后评估的准确性。以Logistic多元回归分析对预后的影响。结果共280例脓毒症患者，占同期ICU住院患者的41．7％（280／670），总体院内死亡率为29．8％。脓毒症肾损伤168例，占脓毒症患者的60％，其中1期76例，死亡率22．4％；2期48例，死亡率37．5％；3期44例，死亡率72．7％。脓毒症肾损伤患者的APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分均高于非AKI患者（P〈0．05）。Logistic多元回归分析显示，APACHEII评分〉22分（OR：4．50），KDIGO分期1、2、3期（OR值分别为2．31、7．44、45．00）是脓毒症并AKI患者院内死亡的独立预测指标。结论KDIGO诊断标准与APACHEII、SOFA评分对脓毒症肾损伤患者整体预后都有较好的预测价值。

APACHEII/Ⅲ与SAPSII评分系统对艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病患者病情预后评估的价值

目的评价APACHEII/III与SAPSII评分系统用于艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病患者病情评估及预后的价值。方法对128例艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病患者分别进行APA-CHEII/III评分与SAPSII评分,比较死亡组和生存组的差异,并用ROC曲线分析比较这三个评分方法的预测能力。结果 128例患者中死亡33例(25.8%),生存95例(74.2%)。死亡组的APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ评分和SAPSⅡ评分分别是22.18±5.63、82.12±24.33和40.36±8.40,均高于生存组的14.07±5.18、53.27±11.98和34.05±6.88(P<0.01);APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ评分和SAPSⅡ评分的AUC分别为0.878、0.888和0.727,Youden指数分别是0.6434、0.6721和0.3825。APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ评分的分辨度均优于SAPSⅡ评分(P均<0.01),APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ评分的分辨度差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 APACHEII/III与SAPSII评分系统均能反映艾滋病合并播散性马尔尼菲青霉菌病患者的病情严重程度,但APA-CHEII/III评分系统预测预后的能力优于SAPSII评分系统。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期的临床特征与APACHEII评分的关系

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期临床特征与危重病患者急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分I(IAPACHEII评分)的关系。方法检查COPD急性加重期及稳定期患者的体温、心率、血压、呼吸频率、血细胞分析、血气分析,记录APACHEII评分。结果①急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、血清肌酐(Cr)明显高于稳定期,血清白蛋白(ALB)、pH值、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)明显低于稳定期。②APACHEII评分与PaCO2和Cr呈正相关,与PaO2、SaO2、ALB呈负相关。结论APACHEII评分对COPD急性加重期患者的病情程度和预后具有重要的临床意义。

艾滋病患者APACHEIII评分的临床应用

目的评估分析急性生理学和慢性健康状况评分系统III(APACHEIII)对判断艾滋病(AIDS)患者病情的严重性、预后、临床救治的价值。方法整理我院2003年1月～12月住院AIDS患者116例的临床资料(其中存活组95例,死亡组21例),采用APACHEIII评分评估AIDS患者病情的严重性、预后和治疗效果。结果死亡组的APACHEIII和APS评分分值明显高于存活组(P<0.01);入院时的APACHEIII和APS评分分值较出院或死亡前差异显著(P<0.01);入院时APACHEIII分值≥60分时患者的死亡率明显增高,APACHEIII分值越高,治疗效果差,死亡率高。结论APACHEIII评分分值与AIDS患者病情的严重性、预后和疗效有较大的价值。

Comparative analysis of APACHE-Ⅱ and P-POSSUM scoring systems in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy

BACKGROUND Laparotomy remains one of the commonest emergency surgical procedures.Early prognostic evaluation would aid in selecting the high-risk patients for an aggressive treatment.Awareness about risks could potentially contribute to the quality of perioperative care and optimum utilization of resources.Portsmouth modification of Physiological and operative severity for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ) have been the most widely used scoring systems for emergency laparotomies.It is always better to have a single scoring system to predict outcomes and audit healthcare organizations.AIM To compare the ability of APACHE-II and P-POSSUM to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.METHODS All patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at the Tata Main Hospital,Jamshedpur between December 2013 and November 2014 were included in the study.In this observational study,P-POSSUM and APACHE-Ⅱ scoring were done,and the outcome analysis evaluated with mortality being the primary outcome.RESULTS For P-POSSUM,at a cut off value of 63 to predict mortality using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis,the area under the curve was 0.989;and for APACHE-Ⅱ,at the cut off value of 24,the area under the curve was 0.965.CONCLUSION Because the ability of APACHE-Ⅱ to predict mortality was similar to P-POSSUM and APACHE-Ⅱ does not need scoring for intra-operative findings and histopathology reports,APACHE-Ⅱ can be used pre-operatively to assess the risk in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.However,for audit purposes,either of the two scoring systems can be used.

感染性休克患者血清PAD2表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析

目的探讨感染性休克患者血清肽酰基精氨酸脱亚胺酶2(peptidylarginine deiminase type 2,PAD2)表达水平与急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分的相关性。方法选取内江市第一人民医院2020年6月~2022年6月收治的103例感染性休克患者作为研究组,采用APACHEⅡ评分根据患者病情严重程度将其分为轻度组(n=9)、中度组(n=51)和重度组(n=13),另外选取103例同期在该院体检且一般资料与研究组患者相匹配的健康者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定感染性休克患者血清PAD2表达水平;采用Spearman法分析感染性休克患者血清PAD2表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析影响感染性休克患者病情严重程度的相关因素;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清PAD2对中重度感染性休克的诊断价值。结果研究组与对照组血肌酐(137.52±9.01μmol/L vs 112.22±8.67μmol/L)水平及血小板计数(74.58±5.19 vs 86.02±5.34)×109/L比较,差异具有统计学意义(t=20.535,15.591,均P<0.05);研究组患者血清PAD2表达水平(42.47±6.22 ng/ml)高于对照组(38.59±5.31 ng/ml),差异具有统计学意义(t=4.815,P<0.05);感染性休克患者血清PAD2表达水平和APACHEⅡ评分均随病情严重程度的增加而逐渐升高(F=3.777,176.582,均P<0.05);感染性休克患者血清PAD2表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.859,P<0.05);血肌酐(OR=1.927)、PAD2(OR=1.803)及APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.657)均为发生中重度感染性休克的危险因素(均P<0.05),血小板计数(OR=0.781)则是发生中重度感染性休克的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清PAD2诊断中重度感染性休克的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.880,敏感度、特异度分别为75.73%(95%CI:0.701~0.826)和90.29%(95%CI:0.851~0.935),对中重度感染性休克具有较高的诊断价值。结论血清PAD2表达水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,且对中重度感染性休克具有较好诊断价值。

APACHEII评分对老年糖尿病高渗患者预后的评价性：高血糖状态

目的研究急性生理与慢性健康状况评分II（APACHEII）对糖尿病高渗性高血糖状态患者病情评价和治疗预后的价值。方法52例糖尿病高渗性高血糖状态患者，男30例，女22例，平均年龄（76．5±4．6）岁，在急诊抢救室接受治疗。死亡12例，存活40例，病死率23．1％。入院当天和入院后第2天进行APACHEII评分。结果入院当天死亡组的APACHEII评分为（29．1±5．6）分，显著高于高于存活组[（23±2．8），P〈0．01]；入院后第2天死亡组的的APACHEII评分为（25．7±6）分，亦显著高于存活组[（16．4＋23），19〈0．01]。治疗后第2天两组的APACHEII评分虽均明显降低，但是存活组降低的分值为（6．7±1-4）分，显著高于死亡组[（3．4±3．4）分，19〈0．01]。2d的APACHEII评分的接收者特征（ROC）曲线下面积无统计学差异。入院当天区分死亡组和存活组的最佳APACHEII分值为26分，Youden指数为0．63；入院第2天区分死亡组和存活组的最佳APACHEII分值为22分，Youden指数为0．78。结论监测两次APACHEII评分能较好地评价糖尿病高渗性高血糖状态患者的病情和预后。

血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中sTREM-1水平、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分对重症肺炎患儿病情及预后评价

目的探讨血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液中可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(s TREM-1)水平及急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭估计评分(SOFA)在小儿重症肺炎病情严重程度及预后判断中的意义。方法选取2017年8月至2019年10月收治的76例重症肺炎患儿为重症肺炎组,根据疾病转归情况分为无效组(n=34)和有效组(n=42);同时期在本院儿内科病房收治的普通肺炎患儿94例为普通肺炎组;以及同期门诊体检健康儿童100例为健康对照组。检测所有入组儿童血浆s TREM-1水平、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分,并检测重症肺炎组患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)s TREM-1水平,分析上述指标与儿童重症肺炎病情严重程度及预后的相关性。结果重症肺炎组血浆s TREM-1水平、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分均明显高于普通肺炎组及健康对照组(P<0.05)。重症肺炎组患儿入院第7天时,无效组血浆s TREM-1、BALF s TREM-1水平及SOFA评分均上升,有效组上述各指标明显下降,且上述指标在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血浆s TREM-1、BALF s TREM-1、SOFA评分两两间均呈正相关(P<0.05),APACHEⅡ评分与血浆s TREM-1、BALF s TREM-1、SOFA评分均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论血浆、BALF s TREM-1水平及SOFA评分可作为评价儿童重症肺炎病情严重程度,提示病情预后的有效指标。

Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width for severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a common condition in the intensive care unit(ICU)and has a high mortality.Early evaluation of the severity and prognosis is very important for SAP therapy.Recently,red blood cell distribution(RDW)was associated with mortality of sepsis patients and could be used as a predictor of prognosis.Similarly,RDW may be associated with the prognosis of SAP patients and be used as a prognostic indicator for SAP patients.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.METHODS We retrospectively enrolled SAP patients admitted to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from June 2015 to June 2017.According to the prognosis at 90 d,SAP patients were divided into a survival group and a non-survival group.RDW was extracted from a routine blood test.Demographic parameters and RDW were recorded and compared between the two groups.The receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed and Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study,42 SAP patients were enrolled,of whom 22 survived(survival group)and 20 died(non-survival group).The baseline parameters were comparable between the two groups.The coefficient of variation of RDW(RDW-CV),standard deviation of RDW(RDW-SD),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group(P<0.05).The RDW-CV and RDW-SD were significantly correlated with the APACHE II score and SOFA score,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of RDW-CV and RDW-SD were all greater than those of the APACHE II score and SOFA score,among which,the AUC of RDW-SD was the greatest.The results demonstrated that RDW had better prognostic value for predicting the mortality of SAP patients.When the RDW-SD was greater than 45.5,the sensitivity for predicting prognosis was 77.8%and the specificity was 70.8%.Both RDW-CV and RDW-SD could be used as independent risk factors to predict the mortality of SAP patients in multivariate logistic regression analysis and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,similar to the APACHE II and SOFA scores.CONCLUSION The RDW is greater in the non-surviving SAP patients than in the surviving patients.RDW is significantly correlated with the APACHE II and SOFA scores.RDW has better prognostic value for SAP patients than the APACHE II and SOFA scores and could easily be used by clinicians for the treatment of SAP patients.

Clinical significance of melatonin concentrations in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To assess the value of plasma melatonin in pre-dicting acute pancreatitis when combined with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) scoring systems. METHODS: APACHEⅡ and BISAP scores were calculated for 55 patients with acute physiology (AP) in the first 24 h of admission to the hospital. Additionally, morning (6:00 AM) serum melatonin concentrations were measured on the first day after admission. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for acute pancreatitis in China, 42 patients suffered mild AP (MAP). The other 13 patients developed severe AP (SAP). A total of 45 healthy volunteers were used in this study as controls. The ability of melatonin and the APACHEⅡ and BISAP scoring systems to predict SAP was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal melatonin cutoff concentration for SAP patients, based on the ROC curve, was used to classify the patients into either a high concen-tration group (34 cases) or a low concentration group (21 cases). Differences in the incidence of high scores, according to the APACHEⅡ and BISAP scoring sys- tems, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The MAP patients had increased melatonin levels compared to the SAP (38.34 ng/L vs 26.77 ng/L) (P = 0.021) and control patients (38.34 ng/L vs 30.73 ng/L) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference inmelatoninconcentrations between the SAP group and the control group. The accuracy of determining SAP based on the melatonin level, the APACHEⅡ score and the BISAP score was 0.758, 0.872, and 0.906, respectively, according to the ROC curve. A melatonin concentration ≤ 28.74 ng/L was associated with an increased risk of developing SAP. The incidence of high scores (≥ 3) using the BISAP system was significantly higher in patients with low melatonin concentration (≤ 28.74 ng/L) compared to patients with high melatonin concentration (> 28.74 ng/L) (42.9% vs 14.7%, P = 0.02). The incidence of high APACHEⅡ scores (≥ 10) between the two groups was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The melatonin concentration is closely related to the severity of AP and the BISAP score. Therefore, we can evaluate the severity of disease by measuring the levels of serum melatonin.

Predictors of irreversible intestinal resection in patients with acute mesenteric venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs and the mechanism is still unclear.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of and to identify predictive factors for irreversible intestinal ischemia requiring surgical resection in AMVT patients treated by TT.METHODS The records of consecutive patients with AMVT treated by TT from January 2010 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared patients who required resection of irreversible intestinal ischemia to patients who did not require.RESULTS Among 58 patients,prompt TT was carried out 28.5 h after admission.A total of 42(72.4%)patients underwent arteriovenous combined thrombolysis,and 16(27.6%)underwent arterial thrombolysis alone.The overall 30-d mortality rate was 8.6%.Irreversible intestinal ischemia was indicated in 32(55.2%)patients,who had a higher 30-d mortality and a longer in-hospital stay than patients without resection.The significant independent predictors of irreversible intestinal ischemia were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score(odds ratio=2.368,95% confidence interval:1.047-5.357,P=0.038)and leukocytosis(odds ratio=2.058,95% confidence interval:1.085-3.903,P=0.027).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve,the cutoff values of the APACHE II score and leukocytosis for predicting the onset of irreversible intestinal ischemia were calculated to be 8.5 and 12×10^9/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Prompt TT could achieve a favorable outcome in AMVT patients.High APACHE II score and leukocytosis can significantly predict the occurrence of irreversible intestinal ischemia.Therefore,close monitoring of these factors may help with the early identification of patients with irreversible intestinal ischemia,in whom ultimately surgical resection is required,before the initiation of TT.

Prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis on admission by urinary trypsinogen activation peptide: A meta-analysis

AIM: To undertake a meta-analysis on the value of urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (uTAP) in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis on admission. METHODS: Major databases including Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched to identify all relevant studies from January 1990 to January 2013. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95%CI were calculated for each study and were compared to other systems/biomarkers if mentioned within the same study. Summary receiver-operating curves were conducted and the area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated. RESULTS: In total, six studies of uTAP with a cut-off value of 35 nmol/L were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of uTAP for predicting severity of acute pancreatitis, at time of admission, was 71% and 75%, respectively (AUC = 0.83, DOR = 8.67, 95%CI: 3.70-20.33). When uTAP was compared with plasma C-reactive protein, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR were 0.64 vs 0.67, 0.77 vs 0.75, 0.82 vs 0.79 and 6.27 vs 6.32, respectively. Similarly, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR of uTAPvs Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ within the first 48 h of admission were found to be 0.64 vs 0.69, 0.77 vs 0.61, 0.82 vs 0.73 and 6.27vs 4.61, respectively. CONCLUSION: uTAP has the potential to act as a stratification marker on admission for differentiating disease severity of acute pancreatitis.

Association between acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between peptic ulcer disease(PUD) and acute pancreatitis.METHODS:A cohort of 78 patients with acute pancreatitis were included in this study.The presence of PUD and the Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) status were assessed by an endoscopic method.The severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed using Ranson's score,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) □ score,computed tomography severity indexand the clinical data during hospitalization,all of which were compared between the patients with and without PUD.The risk factors for PUD were also evaluated.RESULTS:Among 78 patients,41 patients(52.6%) with acute pancreatitis suffered from PUD,but only 13(31.7%) patients with PUD were infected by H.pylori.On univariate analysis,male gender,an etiology of alcohol-induced pancreatitis,a history of smoking or alcohol consumption,elevated triglyceride and C-reactive protein levels,and high APACHE □ score were signif icantly associated with PUD.However,on multivariate logistic regressionanalysis,the APACHE □ score(odds ratio:7.69;95% conf idence interval:1.78-33.33;P < 0.01) was found to be the only independent risk factor for PUD.CONCLUSION:Patients with acute pancreatitis are liable to suffer from PUD.PUD is associated with severeacute pancreatitis according to the APACHE □ score,and treatment for PUD should be considered for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin among Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Patients

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality risk. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and the prognosis of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods: Forty two VAP patients, 20 non VAP-ICU (on mechanical ventilation) admitted patients and 20 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference (p value 0.001) between VAP patients on one side and non VAP-ICU patients and healthy control subjects on the other side regarding the mean values of PCT. Also, the mean values of PCT were statistically significantly higher (p 0.001) among died VAP group than the survivor VAP group. There was a statistically positive correlation (p = 0.449), CRIP (R = 0.403) and SOFA (R = 0.437)) and initial PCT serum levels. Conclusions: This study found that the increased PCT serum level is an important diagnostic tool for VAP and the PCT serum levels can predict the outcome of VAP patients. We recommend other larger studies to augment our findings.

Different phenotypes of monocytes in patients with newonset mild acute pancreatitis

AIM To evaluate the numbers of different subsets of monocytes and their associations with the values of clinical measures in mild acute pancreatitis(MAP) patients.METHODS The study included one group of 13 healthy controls and another group of 24 patients with new-onset MAP. The numbers of different subsets of monocytes were examined in these two groups of subjects by flow cytometry. The concentrations of plasma interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12 were determined by cytometric bead array. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE) II scores of individual patients were evaluated, and the levels of plasma C-reactive protein(CRP) as well as the activities of amylase and lipase were measured. RESULTS In comparison with that in the controls, significantly increased numbers of CD14+CD163-, CD14+CD163-MAC387+ M1 monocytes, but significantly reduced numbers of CD14+CD163+IL-10+ M2 monocytes were detected in the MAP patients(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly higher levels of plasma IL-10 and IL-12 were observed in the MAP patients(P < 0.01 for all). More importantly, the levels of plasma CRP were positively correlated with the numbers of CD14+CD163-(R = 0.5009, P = 0.0127) and CD14+CD163-MAC387+(R = 0.5079, P = 0.0113) M1 monocytes and CD14+CD163+CD115+ M2 monocytes(R = 0.4565, P = 0.0249) in the patients. The APACHE II scores correlated with the numbers of CD14+CD163+CD115+(R = 0.4581, P = 0.0244) monocytes and the levels of plasma IL-10(R = 0.4178, P = 0.0422) in the MAP patients. However, there was no significant association among other measures tested in this population. CONCLUSION Increased numbers of CD14+CD163- and CD14+ CD163-MAC387+ monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of MAP, and increased numbers of CD14+CD163+CD115+ monocytes may be a biomarker for evaluating the severity of MAP.

早期运动干预对ICU患者谵妄的预防及APACHEⅡ的影响

目的探讨重症医学科(ICU)患者早期运动对预防谵妄及急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)影响。方法选择2020年1月—2021年12月本院240例入住ICU患者为研究对象,按照有无实施早期被动运动分为观察组和对照组两组,每组各120例。对照组患者施行常规床边运动,观察组患者进行标准化早期运动。比较两组患者谵妄发生率、初次出现谵妄时间、谵妄持续时间、干预前后APACHEⅡ评分、ICU住院天数和家属满意度。结果观察组患者谵妄发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者出现谵妄时间明显晚于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者谵妄持续时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前,两组患者的APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后第5 d,观察组患者的APACHEⅡ评分较干预前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组患者的APACHEⅡ评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后第10 d,两组患者的APACHEⅡ评分均较干预前明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组患者的APACHEⅡ评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者ICU住院天数低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者家属满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期床上运动可以降低ICU患者谵妄发病率及APACHEⅡ评分,值得临床推广应用。

APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原对肺部感染预后的预测作用

目的探讨APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原对重症监护室肺部感染患者预后的预测价值。方法收集2012年3月到2013年5月本院重症监护室肺部感染患者的临床资料，包括年龄、性别、APACHEⅡ评分、动脉血气、血沉、C-反应蛋白、乳酸、降钙素原、28d结局、ARDS发生情况等，绘制受试者工作特征曲线，比较APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原对肺部感染患者28d结局及并发ARDS的预测价值。结果纳入患者78例，其中28d内死亡19例，1周内发展为ARDS33例。死亡组APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原显著高于存活组，分别为[（23．3±7．5）椰（15．5±6．2），P〈0．001]和[18．6（1．5—25．0）ng/mLvs1．0（0．3—25．0）ng/mL，P=0．044]，氧合指数低于存活组，为[（189．7±89．4）YS（238．0±91．7），P=0．048]。ARDS组APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原显著高于非ARDS组，分别为[（19．9±8．3）VS（15．6±6．0），P=0．013]和[8．3（1．2—25．0）ng／mLvs0．7（0．2—21．8）ng／mL，P=0．016]，氧合指数低于非ARDS组，为[（190．9±82．6）vs（252．1±92．4），P=0．003]。APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原对28d结局有一定预测作用，APACHEⅡ评分的预测作用大于降钙素原（AUROC：0．797vs0．652，P=0．057）。APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原对并发ARDS也有一定预测作用，两者预测作用相当（AUROC：O．651vs0．657，P=0．929）。APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原联合后对28d结局及并发ARDS的预测作用较两者单独的预测作用无显著提高。结论APACHEⅡ评分和降钙素原可以作为肺部感染预后的预测指标，有助于临床早期甄别预后差及具有ARDS高危倾向的患者。

APACHEⅡ评分对心脏大血管外科术后患者病情与预后的评估

目的：探讨急性生理改变及慢性健康评估综合评分系统II（APACHEII）在心脏大血管外科术后患者病情及预后评估中的应用价值。方法：对234例心脏大血管手术患者在人心脏外科重症监护室后的24h内用APACHEII评估其危重程度及预后，并进行统计学相关分析。结果：234例心脏直视术后患者APACHEII得分为（12．88±3．97）分；不同转归分组的APACHEII评分之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；不同术前心功能分组的APACHEII评分之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；APACHEII评分与住院时间呈正相关；APACHEII评分系统的ROC曲线下面积为0．991±0．006；以死亡概率〉30％作为预测标准，APACHEII评分系统对死亡危险度预测的灵敏度是80．00％，特异性是99．12％；将APACHEII得分按〈10分、10～20分、〉20分进行分组，仅〉20分组预测病死率在实际病死率95％可信区间内。结论：APACHEII评分系统是评估心脏大血管外科术后患者病情危重程度及预后的良好指标，可以为临床实施分级监测提供依据与参考。

重症患者血清皮质醇浓度与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性

目的研究重症患者皮质醇浓度与病情转归和APACHEⅡ评分的关系。方法113例重症患者根据血清皮质醇浓度分为皮质醇正常组和皮质醇增高组，分析两组患者死亡率，同时对各组皮质醇浓度和APACHEⅡ评分的相关性进行分析。结果皮质醇正常组和皮质醇增高组死亡率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=105．21，P〈0．01）；皮质醇正常组APACHEⅡ评分为（20±7）分，皮质醇增高组为（30±6）分，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。皮质醇正常组皮质醇浓度与APACHEⅡ评分无明显相关（r=-0．234，P=0．095），皮质醇增高组皮质醇浓度与APACHEⅡ评分呈弱正相关（r=0．301，P=0．018）。结论皮质醇高浓度的重症患者有较高的死亡风险和较高的APACHEⅡ评分。

APACHEⅡ评分、动脉血乳酸、氧合指数、CRP、D-二聚体等指标对重症肺炎预后的价值

目的探讨急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、动脉血乳酸(Lac)、氧合指数、C反应蛋白(CRP)以及D-二聚体预测对重症肺炎患者预后的价值。方法选择2012年1月至2014年12月入住岳池县人民医院ICU病房的106例重症肺炎患者,根据患者预后情况分为存活组(51例)和死亡组(55例),测定两组患者入住ICU后APACHEⅡ、Lac、氧和指数、CRP以及D-二聚体等指标水平,分析上述指标与患者预后的关系。结果入ICU时,死亡组患者的年龄高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);存活组患者与死亡组患者重症社区获得性肺炎(SCAP)和重症医院获得性肺炎(SCAP)比例、机械通气比例以及合并基础疾病种类比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的APACHEⅡ、氧和指数、Lac、CRP以及D-二聚体比较差异均有统计学意义[(20.3±4.2)比(27.5±5.1);(278.1±25.3)比(257.4±29.0);(3.3±1.1)mmol/L比(4.3±1.3)mmol/L;(72.0±28.9)mg/L比(105.5±32.7)mg/L;(3.5±1.2)mg/L比(5.2±2.1)mg/L](P<0.01);死亡组中APACHEⅡ>30分(69.2%)、氧合指数<250(68.4%)、Lac>4 mmol/L(69.1%)、CRP≥100mg/L(74.4%)以及D-二聚体≥5.0 mg/L(73.2%)的患者所占的比例均高于存活组[分别为(30.8%、31.6%、30.9%、25.6%以及26.8%)],比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论APACHEⅡ、氧和指数、Lac、C反应蛋白及D-二聚体与重症肺炎患者的预后密切相关,超越临界值患者的死亡风险较高,临床在诊疗时应密切注意。