灵芝孢子粉多糖对APAP肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的:探讨灵芝孢子粉多糖(Ganoderma lucidum spore polysaccharide,GLSP)在对乙酰氨基酚(Aceta-minophen,APAP)肝损伤中的保护作用。方法:将50只小鼠随机分为五组,分别为空白组、模型组、阳性药物组、GLSP低剂量组和GLSP高剂量组,每组10只,各组按相应剂量连续14 d预给药后,使用APAP造模、取材,测定肝脏指数、血清指标(谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,ALT))及肝组织匀浆指标(谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-xl)。结果:与空白组相比,模型组中ALT、AST、MDA及促凋亡基因Caspase-3、Bax均极显著升高(P<0.01),SOD、GSH含量极显著降低(P<0.01),HE染色结果显示APAP处理的小鼠肝脏出现典型的小叶中心性坏死;多糖剂量组与模型组相比ALT、AST极显著降低(P<0.01),多糖低剂量组SOD、GSH显著升高(P<0.05),MDA显著降低(P<0.05),在多糖高剂量组中,SOD、GSH极显著升高(P<0.01),MDA极显著降低(P<0.01),多糖组促凋亡基因Caspase-3、Bax极显著降低(P<0.01),且肝组织病理学观察中可见肝组织坏死面积减小。结论:灵芝孢子粉多糖对APAP肝损伤能够起到预保护作用,其作用机制可能与提高肝脏的抗氧化能力和抑制凋亡的发生有关。

Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, Wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. We would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

Protective effects of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

AIM:To examine the effects of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone(BP-1),a benzophenone derivative used as an ultraviolet light absorbent,on acetaminophen(APAP)induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6J mice.METHODS:Mice were administered orally with BP-1 at doses of 200,400 and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively every morning for 4 d before a hepatotoxic dose of APAP(350 mg/kg body weight) was given subcutaneously.Twenty four hours after APAP intoxication,the serum enzyme including serum alaine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were measured and liver histopathologic changes were examined.RESULTS:BP-1 administration dramatically reduced serum ALT,AST and LDH levels.Liver histopathological examination showed that BP-1 administration antagonized APAP-induced liver pathological damage in a dose-dependent manner.Further tests showed that APAP-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation was reduced significantly by BP-1 pretreatment,and glutathione depletion was ameliorated obviously.CONCLUSION:BP-1 can effectively protect C57BL/6J mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity,and reduction of oxidative stress might be part of the protection mechanism.

Protective effects of 5-methoxypsoralen against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice

AIM:To investigate the hepatic protective effects of 5-methoxypsoralen(5-MOP) and to learn if 5-MOP causes hepatotoxicity at protective doses.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were administrated orally with 5-MOP at doses of 12.5,25 and 50 mg/kg body weight respectively every morning for 4 d before given acetaminophen(APAP) subcutaneously at a dose of 500 mg/kg.The 5-MOP alone group was treated with 5-MOP orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for 4 d without APAP.Twenty-four hours after APAP administration,blood samples of mice were analyzed for serum enzyme alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels,and malondialdehyde(MDA),reduced glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG) of liver tissues were measured and histopathologic changes of the liver were observed.RESULTS:Compared with the vehicle control group,the serum levels(IU/L) of ALT,AST and LDH were all increased significantly in APAP group(8355 ± 3940 vs 30 ± 21,P < 0.05;6482 ± 4018 vs 146 ± 58,P <0.05;24627 ± 10975 vs 1504 ± 410,P < 0.05).Compared with APAP group,the serum ALT levels(IU/L)(1674 ± 1810 vs 8355 ± 3940,P < 0.05;54 ± 39 vs 8355 ± 3940,P < 0.05;19 ± 9 vs 8355 ± 3940,P < 0.05),AST levels(IU/L)(729 ± 685 vs 6482 ± 4108,P < 0.05;187 ± 149 vs 6482 ± 4108,P < 0.05;141 ± 12 vs 6482 ± 4108,P < 0.05) and LDH levels(IU/L)(7220 ± 6317 vs 24 627 ± 10 975,P < 0.05;1618 ± 719 vs 24 627 ± 10 975,P < 0.05;1394 ± 469 vs 24 627 ± 10 975,P < 0.05) were all decreased drastically in the three-dosage 5-MOP pretreatment groups.Pretreatment of 5-MOP could attenuate histopathologic changes induced by APAP,including hepatocellular necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells,and the effect was dose-dependent.MDA levels(nmol/mg) were decreased by 5-MOP in a dose-dependent manner(0.98 ± 0.45 vs 2.15 ± 1.07,P > 0.05;0.59 ± 0.07 vs 2.15 ± 1.07,P < 0.05;0.47 ± 0.06 vs 2.15 ± 1.07,P < 0.05).The pretreatment of 5-MOP could also increase the GSH/GSSG ratio(3.834 ± 0.340 vs 3.306 ± 0.282,P > 0.05;5.330 ± 0.421 vs 3.306 ± 0.282,P < 0.05;6.180 ± 0.212 vs 3.306 ± 0.282,P < 0.05).In the group treated with 5-MOP but without APAP,the serum enzyme levels,the liver histopathologic manifestation,and the values of MDA and GSH/GSSG ratio were all normal.CONCLUSION:5-MOP can effectively protect C57BL/6J mice from APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and possesses an antioxidative activity,and does not cause liver injury at the protective doses.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dynamics of hepatic non-parenchymal cells in autoprotection against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity

Gaining a better understanding of autoprotection against drug-induced liver injury(DILI)may provide new strategies for its prevention and therapy.However,little is known about the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon.We used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the dynamics and functions of hepatic non-parenchymal cells(NPCs)in autoprotection against DILI,using acetaminophen(APAP)as a model drug.Autoprotection was modeled through pretreatment with a mildly hepatotoxic dose of APAP in mice,followed by a higher dose in a secondary challenge.NPC subsets and dynamic changes were identified in the APAP(hepatotoxicity-sensitive)and APAP-resistant(hepatotoxicity-resistant)groups.A chemokine(C-C motif)ligand 2^(+)endothelial cell subset almost disappeared in the APAP-resistant group,and an R-spondin 3^(+)endothelial cell subset promoted hepatocyte proliferation and played an important role in APAP autoprotection.Moreover,the dendritic cell subset DC-3 may protect the liver from APAP hepatotoxicity by inducing low reactivity and suppressing the autoimmune response and occurrence of inflammation.DC-3 cells also promoted angiogenesis through crosstalk with endothelial cells via vascular endothelial growth factor-associated ligand-receptor pairs and facilitated liver tissue repair in the APAP-resistant group.In addition,the natural killer cell subsets NK-3 and NK-4 and the Sca-1^(-)CD62L^(+)natural killer T cell subset may promote autoprotection through interferon-γ-dependent pathways.Furthermore,macrophage and neutrophil subpopulations with anti-inflammatory phenotypes promoted tolerance to APAP hepatotoxicity.Overall,this study reveals the dynamics of NPCs in the resistance to APAP hepatotoxicity and provides novel insights into the mechanism of autoprotection against DILI at a high resolution.

Liuweiwuling tablets protect against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: What is the protective mechanism?

Study of the effects of natural products, including traditional Chinese Medicines, on acetaminophen hepatotoxicity has gained considerable popularity in recent years, and some of them showed positive results and even promising therapeutic potentials. A recent report suggested that Liuweiwuling tablets protect against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity and promote liver regeneration in a rodent model through alleviating the inflammatory response. However, several concerns exist regarding the limitations of the experimental design and interpretation of the data presented in this manuscript.

Selenium Nanoparticles Ameliorative Effect on Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Male Mice

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been widely used as anti-inflammatory and anti-toxic agent. The present study used Bacillus tequilensis for biosynthesizing SeNPs from sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and investigated its ameliorative effects on acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity in male mice. The results indicated that Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly elevated in mice treated with APAP, while other liver markers (total proteins and albumin) did not change. SeNPs either alone or in combination with APAP showed ameliorative effects on liver enzymes to some extents where their activities decreased to be insignificant with those of normal group. A slight variation was shown in total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Histopathologically, the hepatocytes of the mice treated with APAP showed cloudy swelling and vacuolar degeneration, while those treated with SeNPs or both SeNPs and APAP appeared more or less histologically normal. In conclusion, SeNPs can be used to improve or replace today’s therapies of APAP hepatotoxicity.

垂盆草总黄酮对APAP诱导小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究垂盆草总黄酮对对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen,APAP)所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法将48只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为6组(n=8),正常对照组,模型组,阳性药物组(联苯双酯,300 mg/kg),垂盆草总黄酮低(150 mg/kg)、中(300 mg/kg)、高剂量组(600 mg/kg)。各组小鼠均灌胃相应药物或生理盐水,连续灌胃7 d,于第7天灌胃后1 h,除正常组外(腹腔注射生理盐水),其余各组均腹腔注射APAP 300 mg/kg进行肝损伤造模。APAP造模24 h后,采用相应的试剂盒测定肝组织和血清的生化指标,HE染色观察小鼠肝脏损伤情况,实时荧光定量PCR法检测Nrf2、HO⁃1 mRNA变化;Western blot法检测小鼠肝脏Nrf2、HO⁃1蛋白表达。结果垂盆草总黄酮降低了APAP诱导的ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、LDH水平,降低肝脏指数和MDA水平,增加肝组织CAT、GSH水平以及SOD、GSH⁃PX活性;降低TNF⁃α、IL⁃1β、IL⁃6水平;明显改善肝脏组织病变;增加Nrf2、HO⁃1 mRNA和蛋白表达。结论垂盆草总黄酮对APAP诱导的肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其可能的作用机制是减少氧化应激和炎症反应。

余甘子对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)诱发的肝损伤的保护机制研究

采用体外细胞实验和体内动物实验研究余甘子提取物(PLE)对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)诱发的的肝损伤的保护效果和相关作用机制。检测了小鼠血清中的谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平、肝匀浆谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平、肝组织病理检测;Westem blot检测核转录因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)的表达;PCR检测m Nqo1、mG6pdx、mSOD2的表达。肝细胞HepG2实验表明,PLE组与APAP组相比,经过PLE处理的肝细胞可以保持较高的细胞活力及GSH含量,PLE处理组GSH的含量也显著提高至16.91±4.34和25.19±1.33μmol/mg。动物实验表明PLE含量越高可以将ALT、AST水平降低越明显,PLE处理组血清ALT和AST分别为263.7±87.1IU/L,188.4±45.9 IU/L和640.9±224.6 IU/L,155.9±50.6 IU/L,不仅可以降低肝细胞MDA表达并且可以提高GHS含量,并使Nrf2转位入核,下游相关基因mNqo1、mG6pdx、mSOD2的表达也明显上升。总之高浓度的PLE可以针对APAP引起的肝损伤对肝组织进行保护,该保护作用可能与激活抗氧化应激Nrf2/ARE信号通路有关。

在APAP、TAA诱导的肝细胞药物性损伤中C/EBPβ对FXR的调控机制

目的:通过生物信息学分析寻找对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)诱导药物性肝损伤(DILI)过程中的关键基因,并研究在APAP、硫代乙酰胺(TAA)介导的小鼠肝细胞药物性损伤中,CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白β(C/EBPβ)对法尼醇X受体(FXR)的调控机制。方法:采用生信分析筛选APAP诱导的DILI模型中的关键基因;通过RT-qPCR、Western blot法检测不同浓度的TAA(0、13、33 mmol/L)、APAP(0、2、5μmol/L)对小鼠肝细胞AML12中C/EBPβ及FXR的mRNA及蛋白水平表达的影响。针对C/EBPβ基因设计两条不同的shRNA,并分别克隆至pLKO载体,用于构建C/EBPβ稳定敲低的AML12细胞系;通过流式细胞术分析TAA、APAP对AML12细胞凋亡的影响。结果:(1)FXR是APAP所致DILI模型中的关键性基因;(2)TAA和APAP导致AML12小鼠肝细胞损伤中FXR的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著降低;(3)TAA和APAP导致AML12小鼠肝细胞损伤中C/EBPβ蛋白表达水平显著降低;(4)C/EBPβ稳定敲低的AML12细胞系中FXR的mRNA水平显著下调。(5)奥贝胆酸(OCA)可以抑制凋亡基因聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(PARP)的表达。结论:在TAA及APAP诱导的肝细胞损伤中,C/EBPβ可能是调控FXR的关键基因。

毛果芸香碱减轻对乙酰氨基酚所致肝损伤的作用及机制研究

目的 研究毛果芸香碱减轻对乙酰氨基酚(Acetaminophen, APAP)所致肝损伤的作用及机制。方法 采用小鼠腹腔注射APAP建立急性肝损伤模型,将18只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白对照组、APAP模型组、毛果芸香碱组,每组6只。毛果芸香碱组小鼠腹腔给药毛果芸香碱(2.5 mg/kg体重)7 d,末次给药1 h后,APAP模型组和毛果芸香碱组腹腔注射APAP(400 mg/kg体重),空白对照组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,APAP注射后12 h处死所有小鼠,采集血液和肝脏等组织样本。血清生化检测仪检测血清肝功指标天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase, ALT),采用HE染色方法检测肝脏病理评估毛果芸香碱对APAP诱导肝损伤的药效作用;Western blot方法检测肝脏增殖细胞核抗原(Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)及细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2, ERK1/2)蛋白表达,探索肝细胞增殖作用及其可能的机制。结果 与空白对照组比较,APAP模型组小鼠的ALT和AST含量均显著升高(P<0.001),表明APAP模型建立成功;与APAP模型组比较,毛果芸香碱组小鼠血清AST含量显著降低(P<0.01),ALT含量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。HE染色病理学结果显示,与空白对照组比较,APAP模型组小鼠肝脏出现肝小叶中心坏死、肝内出血和细胞核消失或固缩;与APAP模型组比较,毛果芸香碱组小鼠改善了肝小叶中心坏死、肝内出血和细胞核固缩。Western blot结果显示,与空白对照组和APAP模型组比较,毛果芸香碱组小鼠肝脏PCNA蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与空白对照组和APAP模型组比较,毛果芸香碱组小鼠p-ERK/ERK蛋白表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 毛果芸香碱能减轻APAP所致肝损伤,其分子机制可能是毛果芸香碱通过激活肝细胞中m3AchR-ERK1/2信号通路进而促进肝细胞增殖来发挥作用。

扑热息痛肝损伤机制研究进展

扑热息痛(AAP)肝损伤是药物性肝损伤的常见原因之一。但迄今为止,其肝损伤机制仍不完全清楚。最新研究进展指出活性代谢产物的形成、谷胱甘肽的耗竭、线粒体蛋白的烷化和过氧化亚硝酸盐的形成是主要原因。本文主要描述了AAP过量所致的线粒体功能异常的研究进展,另外也综述了氧化应激和炎症介质在扑热息痛肝损伤机制中的作用。

对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性评价分析

对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)是乙酰苯胺类药物,为非那西丁代谢产物,因其常用剂量安全有效,是临床上常用的解热镇痛药。近期,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)对于APAP肝毒性的警示再次引起了公众对APAP安全性的严重关注。APAP过量使用或与酒精同时服用而引起药物性肝损害时见报道,含有APAP成分的抗感冒药物超量服用或联合使用尤其应避免。该文就APAP肝毒性发生机制、使用剂量、肝毒性的预防和救治进行综述,以促进和规范APAP的安全合理使用。

对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性机理及药物干预靶点

由于对乙酰氨基酚用药普遍性和广泛性,其肝毒性问题日益引起人们的关注。本文介绍对乙酰氨基酚肝脏代谢、转运以及与Keap1-Nrf2通路有关的生理性调控机制,阐述对乙酰氨基酚的肝毒性机理,包括代谢损伤和氧化应激损伤两大理论。并以此为基础从吸收、代谢、转运等方面对其治疗靶点及干预药物加以综述。其中,Keap1-Nrf2抗氧化解毒通路和转运蛋白环节与对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性关系的研究在近几年逐渐增多,有望发现新的治疗靶点和对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性的有效治疗药物。

田基黄注射液对小鼠醋氨酚肝脏毒性的保护作用

醋氨酚中毒小鼠肝内 GSH 含量减少,微粒体 GST 活性降低,MDA、SGPT 和 SGST显著增加。小鼠 ip 田基黄8,15g/kg×10d,qd 后,使醋氨酚中毒小鼠 SGPT 和 SGST 活性恢复正常,肝内 GSH 含量明显升高,且呈剂量依赖性。上述剂量的田基黄对肝微粒体 GST 活性也具有保护作用。田基黄 15g/kg 可抑制醋氨酚中毒小鼠肝 MDA 的生成和 LTG 的形成。

凝胶包埋大鼠肝细胞用于醋氨酚肝毒性研究

以传统的多孔板贴壁培养为比较对象,采用醋氨酚为肝毒性药物模型,评价胶原凝胶包埋培养大鼠肝细胞用于药物肝毒性研究的可行性.结果发现,虽然多孔板培养和凝胶包埋培养肝细胞均表现出对醋氨酚肝毒性的浓度依赖性,但前者对毒性的敏感程度比后者小得多.在同样低浓度(2.5 mmol/L)的醋氨酚作用24 h后,胶原凝胶包埋的细胞活率下降到了对照组的35%,单层贴壁培养细胞的活率仅下降到了对照组的88%;以尿素和白蛋白合成能力表征的肝功能也出现同样趋势.此外,N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)与甘草酸(GA)与醋氨酚一起加到培养基中能显著抑制醋氨酚导致的肝毒性,进一步说明凝胶包埋培养肝细胞可以反映保肝药物的临床作用.

对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性生物标志物的研究进展

对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)是目前临床应用最广泛的OTC类解热镇痛药,肝毒性是其主要不良反应之一。近年来对APAP肝毒性生物标志物的研究成为了热点,使用miRNA芯片、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等技术发现的新型生物标志物如循环miRNA和血清酶等,在临床和动物研究中都得到了广泛的关注,与经典生物标志物谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶联合评价有利于提高预测和诊断药物性肝损伤的敏感性和特异性。本文结合APAP肝毒性机制的研究,对近年来发现的APAP肝毒性的生物标志物进行了分类描述,为临床应用APAP时出现肝毒性的早发现早治疗提供依据;同时供其他具有潜在肝毒性类药物的研究提供借鉴。

对乙酰氨基酚通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α信号通路影响HepaRG细胞线粒体新生

目的探讨对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)对HepaRG细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(PGC-1α)信号通路介导的线粒体新生的影响。方法接种HepaRG细胞并给予生长培养基,待细胞长满后,替换为分化培养基进行诱导分化,每天观察细胞形态并拍照。APAP(0.125,0.25,0.5,1,2,4,8和12 mmol·L^(-1))处理诱导分化后的HepaRG细胞24和48 h,MTT法测定细胞存活率。Western蛋白印迹法检测细胞线粒体新生相关蛋白PGC-1α、核呼吸因子2(NRF-2)和线粒体转录因子A(TFAM),以及线粒体构成蛋白NADH脱氢酶亚基1(ND-1)的表达。结果诱导分化后显微镜下可见肝细胞样和胆管细胞样2种形态的细胞。与正常对照组相比,APAP作用24和48 h后,随APAP浓度的增加,细胞存活率不断降低,其IC_(50)分别5.64和2.65 mmol·L^(-1)。与正常对照组相比,APAP作用24 h,0.5,1,2和4 mmol·L^(-1)组PGC-1α表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),8 mmol·L^(-1)组显著降低(P<0.01);0.5 mmol·L^(-1)组NRF-2表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),2,4和8 mmol·L^(-1)组显著降低(P<0.01);1 mmol·L^(-1)组TFAM表达水平显著增加(P<0.05),4和8 mmol·L^(-1)组显著降低(P<0.01);0.5,1,2和4 mmol·L^(-1)组ND-1表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),8 mmol·L^(-1)组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 APAP可诱导或抑制HepaRG细胞的线粒体新生,其机制可能与PGC-1α通路蛋白表达有关。

硝酸甘油减轻对乙酰氨基酚肝毒性的作用与机制

目的:研究硝酸甘油(GTN)对对乙酰氨基酚(AP)肝毒性的影响与机制.方法:小鼠ipGTN0.1～1.6mg/kg,15min后ipAP300mg/kg,6h后测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST);GTN(1.6mg/kg)预处理小鼠,测定AP半数致死量(LD50);荧光法测定肝蛋白S-亚硝基化水平;分光光度法测定肝谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性;S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽(GSNO)处理GDH纯酶,Saville-Griess法测定其S-亚硝基化水平,并观察对N-乙酰-p-苯醌亚胺(NAPQI)灭活GDH效应的影响.结果:GTN降低AP导致的ALT,AST升高,使AP对小鼠LD50由321mg/kg上升至762mg/kg;GTN引起肝蛋白S-亚硝基化水平升高,使AP对肝GDH的抑制作用完全消失;GSNO诱发GDH纯酶发生S-亚硝基化,且不影响酶活性,但修饰后的GDH不被NAPQI灭活.结论:GTN可减轻AP肝毒性,其机制与诱发肝蛋白巯基S-亚硝基化,减少NAPQI与蛋白(如GDH)巯基的共价结合有关.

大鼠原代培养肝细胞作为早期肝毒性筛选模型的研究

目的研究大鼠原代培养肝细胞作为早期肝毒性的筛选模型的生物学特征。方法采用二步灌流法分离提取大鼠肝细胞进行培养;采用荧光倒置显微镜观察原代培养肝细胞的生长情况;采用MTT法绘制肝细胞生长曲线;采用全自动生化分析仪检测细胞上清液的ALT、AST、ALP、CK、LDH、TP、ALB、GGT值;采用爬片技术进行HE检查;采用Elisa法检测细胞上清液中细胞色素P450（CYP450）的总量,并采用肝细胞毒性药物对乙酰氨基酚对肝细胞作为早期肝毒性筛选模型进行验证。结果肝细胞培养4 h后开始贴壁,24 h后绝大多数肝细胞贴壁,体积明显增大;48 h后肝细胞贴壁牢固,维持至第8日,细胞开始逐渐脱落。肝细胞的对数生长期为第2至第3日,ALT、AST、LDH、CK在提取4 h后增高,第1日大幅降低后趋于平稳至第7日。TP、ALB、GGT、ALP提取4 h降低,后趋于平稳至第7日,肝细胞CYP450第1日至第5日分泌呈上升趋势,第6~7日,轻微下降。HE结果显示提取的肝细胞与肝组织的HE涂片基本一致。对乙酰氨基酚对肝细胞的生长具有抑制作用,IC50为20.5 mmol·L-1,能使肝细胞肿胀,细胞核萎缩,使肝细胞分泌ALT、ALP、LDH增多,对肝细胞分泌CYP450的功能具有抑制作用。结论系统全面的阐述肝细胞的生物学特征及在早期毒性评价中的应用,肝细胞作为肝早期毒性筛选模型敏感的评价指标,对于原代培养肝细胞用于药物的早期毒性筛选研究起到了一个示范作用。