A person-centered approach to achievement goal orientations in competitive tennis players: Associations with motivation and mental toughness

Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.

Extraversion, emotional instability, and self-reported exercise: The mediating effects of approach-avoidance achievement goals

Background： Understanding leisure time physical inactivity is a priority in study sought to address this priority by examining whether the extraversion mediated through Elliot＇s （1999） 2 x 2 achievement goals. Westernized nations where participation rates are low. The present and emotional instability to leisure time exercise relationships were Methods： Participants were 116 female and 97 male volunteers from a Southwestern community （mean age = 37.21 years, range 24-69） who completed measures of extraversion, emotional instability, approach-avoidance achievement goals, and 7-day recall of leisure-time exercise. Multiple mediation models （Preacher and Hayes, 2008） were run to specifically examine our hypotheses. Results： The mastery-approach goal mediated the relationship from extraversion to overall exercise and strenuous intensity exercise. Results indicated emotional instability had direct effects on overall and strenuous leisure time exercise while also having significant （p 〈 0.05） indirect mediation paths through the performance-approach and avoidance goals. The extraversion and emotional instability models accounted from 15.89% to 29.82% of variance in the various self-reported exercise measures. Conclusion： The results suggest the promotion of leisure-time exercise would be improved in the studied personalities by manipulation of achievement goals. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Research and Practice on the Multi-dimensional Course Goal Achievement Evaluation of Software Engineering

According to the standards of engineering education accreditation,the achievement paths and evaluation criteria of course goals are presented,aimed at the objectives of software engineering courses and the characteristics of hybrid teaching in Kunming University of Science and Technology.Then a multi-dimensional evaluation system for course goal achievement of software engineering is proposed.The practice’s results show that the multi-dimensional course goal achievement evaluation is helpful to the continuous improvement of course teaching,which can effectively support the evaluation of graduation outcomes.

Achievements and Goals of China's Satellite Oceanic Remote Sensing

This paper is divided into three parts.In the first part,it describes the major objects of o-cean monitoring and investigation by means of satellite remote sensing technology,including the observation of dynamic phenomena of ocean,ocean color and sea surface temperature as well as mapping of coastal zone and islands.In the second part,some research results of oceanic environment which were obtained in the past decade in China are presented.In the third part,some fundamental technologies are described,to which we should pay attention in order to make great contribution to marine environment by using satellite remote sensing technology in the coming few years in China.

Goals Set for Initial Stage of the KIP Achieved

In a bid to establish a strong scientific and technological (S&T) innovation base in China, the State S&T leading group, the top government organ for S&T issues, gave the go-ahead, on June 6,1998, for the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to introduce a pilot project for the national knowledge innovation program (KIP). The objective of the pilot project is to re-structure the Academy into three major bases:

On appropriately assessing students＇ learning outcomes

Some students make negative comments on their learning outcomes after two years＇ college English learning. The article is to investigate factors influencing students＇ evaluation of their learning, including students＇ self-efficacy, learning strategies and different categories of achievement goals.

Attainment of multifactorial treatment targets among the elderly in a lipid clinic

Objective To examine target attainment of lipid-lowering, antihypenensive and antidiabetic treatment in the elderly in a specialist set- ting of a University Hospital in Greece. Methods This was a retrospective study including consecutive subjects 〉 65 years old （n = 465） with a follow-up 〉 3 years. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, blood pressure （BP） and glycated hemoglobin （HbAlc） goal achievement were recorded according to European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society （ESC/EAS）, European Society of Hypertension （ESH）/ESC and European Association for the Study of Diabetes （EASD） guidelines. Results The LDL-C targets were attained by 27~,4, 48% and 62% of very high, high and moderate risk patients, respectively. Those receiving statin ＋ ezetimibe achieved higher rates of LDL-C goal achievement compared with those receiving statin monotherapy （48% vs. 33%, P 〈 0.05）. Of the diabetic sub- jects, 71% had BP 〈 140/85 mmHg, while 78% of those without diabetes had BP 〈 140/90 mmHg. A higher proportion of the non-diabetic individuals （86%） had BP 〈 150/90 mmHg. Also, a higher proportion of those with diabetes had HbAlc 〈 8% rather than 〈 7% （88% and 47%, respectively）. Of note, almost one out of three non-diabetic individuals and one out of ten diabetic individuals had achieved all three treatment targets. Conclusions Even in a specialist setting of a University Hospital, a high proportion of the elderly remain at suboptimal LDL-C, BP and HbAlc levels. The use of drug combinations could improve multifactorial treatment target attainment, while less strict tar- gets could be more easily achieved in this population.