Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,s...Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.展开更多
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions generated at coal burning power plants and from transport are a leading cause of acid deposition and chemical smog in many parts of the world. Sulfur dioxide e...Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions generated at coal burning power plants and from transport are a leading cause of acid deposition and chemical smog in many parts of the world. Sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants and from transport in Kosovo is transported via prevailing winds to other locations. Through its journey, this SO2 gas undergoes a series of chemical reactions that ultimately transform it into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which is deposited as acid rain. As a consequence of NO2 emissions from electricity production and transport in Kosovo the ozone (O3) is formed as photochemical smog due to sunlight, which triggers the breakdown of NO2. We modeled the impact of SO2 and NO2 emissions from energy system and transport in Kosovo on acid deposition and chemical smog locally. In model we consider the role of SO2 and NO2 pollution control technologies on mitigating these impacts.展开更多
A total of 142 acid rain samples collected between 2006 and 2008 by Weather Bureau of Binzhou City were preliminarily analyzed to obtain acid rain profile and spatio-temporal distribution of pollutants in urban distri...A total of 142 acid rain samples collected between 2006 and 2008 by Weather Bureau of Binzhou City were preliminarily analyzed to obtain acid rain profile and spatio-temporal distribution of pollutants in urban districts and suburbs of Binzhou City.The results showed that Binzhou City basically belonged to non-acid rain region with annual acid rain frequency of 4%-6%;pH value was greatly affected by acid pollutant concentration,wind velocity and dominant wind direction;conductivity correlated with impurity content in atmospheric precipitation.展开更多
Air pollution is one of the serious problems facing the world. This is mainly due to production and consumption of fossil fuels. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions could affect human health a...Air pollution is one of the serious problems facing the world. This is mainly due to production and consumption of fossil fuels. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions could affect human health and destroy vegetation through acid deposition and cause transboundary air pollution. Currently, there are no regional ambient SO2 and NOx regulations and control measures of many developing countries including GCC countries. This paper reviewed the experiences of the past acid rain pollution problems in United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and China. In addition, the plausible control measures through application of air pollution abatement technologies, market based regulations were discussed. The study recommended that suitable and locally based measures could be adopted by GCC states to prevent future occurrence of acid rain within the region and beyond.展开更多
Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states) has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Regarding the San...Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states) has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Regarding the Santa Catarina coalfields, about 60% - 65% of the ROM coal is discharged at dump deposits as waste. These wastes can lead to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), a source of ground and surface water pollution. One of the technologies used for preventing AMD consists of the alkaline additive method. Thus, the aim of this work was to study, at laboratory scale, the DAM control by blending coal waste with a metallurgical slag. A coal-tailing sample was collected from a coal mine, and the slag was obtained from a semi-integrated steel plant. Static tests were carried out by the acid-base account method to determine the balance between the acid-producing and acid-consuming (neutralizing) mineral components of the samples. Kinetic tests were conducted in humidity cells, following the ASTM D 5744-96 method, for a period of 80 weeks. The results showed that the coal tailing generates AMD. However, environmental problems can be minimized by mixing the coal waste with the metallurgical slag in 1:1 or 1:1.5 proportions. The kinetic experiments proved that, in this condition, the lixiviation presents a higher pH and a lower concentration of acidity, metals, and sulfate. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the blending slag in coal tailing deposits can be a viable alternative for DAM control in coal mining.展开更多
The vertical distributions of the wind field and temperature field of the boundary layer were very peculiar in Qingdao area, China. Under the height of 1500m, the wind field appeared as one pike two valley type: th...The vertical distributions of the wind field and temperature field of the boundary layer were very peculiar in Qingdao area, China. Under the height of 1500m, the wind field appeared as one pike two valley type: the wind speed was relatively low near surface, got bigger between 300m to 400m, decreased over 500m, and increased again gradually over 1000m. The temperature stratification was stable in the morning and evening, and it became unstable below 200m after noon. As far as mixed layer was concerned, it was not very high, generally about 400m, sometimes it reached 700m high. Multiple layer inversion often appeared in low altitude. Northern wind was prevailing in winter, so southern in summer. The wind field was often influenced by Jianghuai cyclone and Huanghuai cyclone. Convergence air current between lower level and higher level emerged when the cyclones passed Qingdao area. Introducing straight and shear air current, pollutants emitted from point sources were modeled by advection diffusion equation. The result indicated that pollutants were transported far away under one straight air current. In rainy days, pollutants were accumulated in local area and the concentrations were high. When wind direction appeared shear between higher level and lower level,the transportation of pollutants was more limited. In rain days,acid rain was form by chemical process at a near distance.展开更多
Compared the total agricultural production (TAP) of the 5 counties in Huizhou City with that of the corresponding 5 counties in Zhaoqing City during the period from 1980 to 1996, it can be seen that the TAP growth rat...Compared the total agricultural production (TAP) of the 5 counties in Huizhou City with that of the corresponding 5 counties in Zhaoqing City during the period from 1980 to 1996, it can be seen that the TAP growth rate of the 5 counties in Huizhou City had been a little higher than that of the 5 corresponding counties in Zhaoqing City before 1983, but has been becoming lower than the latter since 1984, and the agricultural production in Huizhou City has been gradually becoming lag behind that in Zhaoqing City since then. The TAP loss in Huizhou City kept above 3×10 8 yuan every year since 1986. Detailed investigation shows that the acid rain caused by the atmospheric pollution may be the main cause for the lower productivity of the land in Huizhou City. The atmospheric pollution arisen from rapid and extensive development of the economy in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region has already greatly reduced the load capacity of the natural resources in Huizhou City and severely affected the sustainable development of the region.展开更多
文摘Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.
文摘Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions generated at coal burning power plants and from transport are a leading cause of acid deposition and chemical smog in many parts of the world. Sulfur dioxide emitted by thermal power plants and from transport in Kosovo is transported via prevailing winds to other locations. Through its journey, this SO2 gas undergoes a series of chemical reactions that ultimately transform it into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which is deposited as acid rain. As a consequence of NO2 emissions from electricity production and transport in Kosovo the ozone (O3) is formed as photochemical smog due to sunlight, which triggers the breakdown of NO2. We modeled the impact of SO2 and NO2 emissions from energy system and transport in Kosovo on acid deposition and chemical smog locally. In model we consider the role of SO2 and NO2 pollution control technologies on mitigating these impacts.
文摘A total of 142 acid rain samples collected between 2006 and 2008 by Weather Bureau of Binzhou City were preliminarily analyzed to obtain acid rain profile and spatio-temporal distribution of pollutants in urban districts and suburbs of Binzhou City.The results showed that Binzhou City basically belonged to non-acid rain region with annual acid rain frequency of 4%-6%;pH value was greatly affected by acid pollutant concentration,wind velocity and dominant wind direction;conductivity correlated with impurity content in atmospheric precipitation.
文摘Air pollution is one of the serious problems facing the world. This is mainly due to production and consumption of fossil fuels. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions could affect human health and destroy vegetation through acid deposition and cause transboundary air pollution. Currently, there are no regional ambient SO2 and NOx regulations and control measures of many developing countries including GCC countries. This paper reviewed the experiences of the past acid rain pollution problems in United States, Canada, Europe, Japan and China. In addition, the plausible control measures through application of air pollution abatement technologies, market based regulations were discussed. The study recommended that suitable and locally based measures could be adopted by GCC states to prevent future occurrence of acid rain within the region and beyond.
文摘Commercial coal production in the southern region of Brazil (comprising the Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul states) has been occurring since the beginning of the twentieth century. Regarding the Santa Catarina coalfields, about 60% - 65% of the ROM coal is discharged at dump deposits as waste. These wastes can lead to the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), a source of ground and surface water pollution. One of the technologies used for preventing AMD consists of the alkaline additive method. Thus, the aim of this work was to study, at laboratory scale, the DAM control by blending coal waste with a metallurgical slag. A coal-tailing sample was collected from a coal mine, and the slag was obtained from a semi-integrated steel plant. Static tests were carried out by the acid-base account method to determine the balance between the acid-producing and acid-consuming (neutralizing) mineral components of the samples. Kinetic tests were conducted in humidity cells, following the ASTM D 5744-96 method, for a period of 80 weeks. The results showed that the coal tailing generates AMD. However, environmental problems can be minimized by mixing the coal waste with the metallurgical slag in 1:1 or 1:1.5 proportions. The kinetic experiments proved that, in this condition, the lixiviation presents a higher pH and a lower concentration of acidity, metals, and sulfate. Finally, it is possible to conclude that the blending slag in coal tailing deposits can be a viable alternative for DAM control in coal mining.
文摘The vertical distributions of the wind field and temperature field of the boundary layer were very peculiar in Qingdao area, China. Under the height of 1500m, the wind field appeared as one pike two valley type: the wind speed was relatively low near surface, got bigger between 300m to 400m, decreased over 500m, and increased again gradually over 1000m. The temperature stratification was stable in the morning and evening, and it became unstable below 200m after noon. As far as mixed layer was concerned, it was not very high, generally about 400m, sometimes it reached 700m high. Multiple layer inversion often appeared in low altitude. Northern wind was prevailing in winter, so southern in summer. The wind field was often influenced by Jianghuai cyclone and Huanghuai cyclone. Convergence air current between lower level and higher level emerged when the cyclones passed Qingdao area. Introducing straight and shear air current, pollutants emitted from point sources were modeled by advection diffusion equation. The result indicated that pollutants were transported far away under one straight air current. In rainy days, pollutants were accumulated in local area and the concentrations were high. When wind direction appeared shear between higher level and lower level,the transportation of pollutants was more limited. In rain days,acid rain was form by chemical process at a near distance.
文摘Compared the total agricultural production (TAP) of the 5 counties in Huizhou City with that of the corresponding 5 counties in Zhaoqing City during the period from 1980 to 1996, it can be seen that the TAP growth rate of the 5 counties in Huizhou City had been a little higher than that of the 5 corresponding counties in Zhaoqing City before 1983, but has been becoming lower than the latter since 1984, and the agricultural production in Huizhou City has been gradually becoming lag behind that in Zhaoqing City since then. The TAP loss in Huizhou City kept above 3×10 8 yuan every year since 1986. Detailed investigation shows that the acid rain caused by the atmospheric pollution may be the main cause for the lower productivity of the land in Huizhou City. The atmospheric pollution arisen from rapid and extensive development of the economy in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region has already greatly reduced the load capacity of the natural resources in Huizhou City and severely affected the sustainable development of the region.
