Determination of Benzoylaconitine Compounds in the Decoctions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Heishun Pieces),Trichosanthis Fructus and Their Combination

[Objectives]This study was conducted to determine the contents of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the decoctions of Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination.[Methods]Heishun pieces,Trichosanthis Fructus and their combination were extracted for different time periods,and then grouped.HPLC was performed using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C 18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)and acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a column temperature of 30℃,and the sample volume was 20μL.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.[Results]The total amounts of benzoylmesaconine,benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine in the single decoction group of Heishun pieces were all significantly different from those in the combined decoction group at corresponding time.[Conclusions]The total content of the benzoylaconitine type increased significantly after the combined decoction of Heishun pieces and Fructus Trichosanthis,which proves the scientificity of"eighteen incompatible medicaments,19 counteraction"in traditional Chinese medicine to some extent.

Research progress on synergetic effects of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)and Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim)

The compatibility of Chinese herbs is the focus and the difficulty in traditional Chinese medicine research,and it has an important guiding role for clinical medicine.Some scholars believe that the Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,FZ)compatibility with Tubeimu(Rhizoma Bolbostemmatis,TBM)/Gualou(Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim,GL)does not meet the Chinese medicine theory of“eighteen incompatibilities”.However,this combination has been used many times in many clinical medications.This study reviewed the research progress of pharmacological effects of FZ,and FZ compatibility with TBM/GL,in order to correctly understand and apply the“eighteen incompatibilities”drugs,and provide a reference for further exploration of the combined application in clinical treatment.

Research Progress in Toxicity and Toxicity-reducing and Efficacy-enhancing Compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata

Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata contains alkaloids,flavonoids,polysaccharides,organic acids and organic alkalis,among which diester alkaloids are important effective ingredients,which can be used for treating heart failure,rheumatic heart disease,coronary heart disease,hypotension,shock and other diseases.However,it also contains the main ingredients that produce toxic effects and are highly toxic to the cardiovascular system,nervous system,digestive system,reproductive system,embryos,and livers and kidneys.In this study,we analyzed the toxicity-reducing and efficacy-enhancing effects of the compatibility of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata with with single herbs Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer,Zingiber ojjicinale Rosc.and Rheum palmatum L.,aiming to provide references for further exploring the appropriate compatibility conditions of traditional Chinese medicine in the future and improving the safety of the clinical application of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata.

陕产附子炮制前后急性毒性及强心作用研究

目的:考察陕产附子炮制前后的急性毒性和强心作用。方法:通过对生附子LD_(50)的测定和自制黑顺片最大耐受量实验比较生附子和自制黑顺片的急性毒性;通过复制慢性心衰大鼠模型,检测大鼠体质量、心脏指数、血流动力学指标,检测血清BNP及cTnI含量以及组织病理学检查比较其强心作用。结果:生附子的半数致死量(LD_(50))为9.45 g/kg,黑顺片的最大耐受量为27.39 g/kg,经炮制后毒性降低。与模型组相比,自制黑顺片组大鼠症状及体征均有改善,能够降低心脏指数、左心室指数降低和左心室舒张压(LVEDP),升高左心室收缩压(LVSP)、收缩期左心室内压上升最大变化速率(+dp/dt_(max))和舒张期左心室内压下降最大变化速率(-dp/dt_(max))(P<0.05,P<0.01);降低血清中脑钠肽(BNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量(P<0.05);心肌纤维排列相对紧密,胞核清晰可见,但有一定断裂,其中有少量空泡存在,未发现炎性细胞浸润,各指标有明显差异。生附子组各指标有一定程度的改善,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:生附子经炮制后,毒性降低,起到减毒的作用;自制黑顺片较生附子强心作用有显著增强。

扶阳学派运用附子之经验

基于“阳主阴从”观,扶阳学派集百年之经验,将大剂量附子灵活应用于各类急危重症和疑难杂症,取得了显著的临床疗效。文章通过阐述四川江油道地药材附子的辨证运用要点、配伍方法、剂量把握等方面的内容,并结合临床医案,对扶阳学派运用附子的用药经验进行了回顾性总结,旨在为其临床推广和应用提供可借鉴的依据。

Inhibitory effect of Sumu(Lignum Sappan) plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) on a lung carcinoma model

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of Sumu(Lignum Sappan) plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata)(SF) on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma.METHODS: A lung carcinoma model was established by subcutaneously inoculating Lewis lung carcinoma cells into C57 BL/6 mice. The mice were randomly divided into four groups of 13 mice(control, low-dose, moderate-dose, and high-dose), and gavaged once-daily for 21 consecutive days. The rates of tumor inhibition, metastasis, and metastasis inhibition were observed. The differential expressions of s P-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGFC) were compared between the treatment groups and the control group.RESULTS: The tumor weights differed significantly between the treatment groups and the control group(P < 0.05). Administration of SF in the moderate-dosage and low-dose groups significantly inhibited the expression of s P-selectin and VEGFC(both P < 0.05), suggesting anti-tumor activity.CONCLUSION: SF can inhibit the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma.

王世强运用小青龙汤加附子或石膏经验介绍

介绍王世强教授化裁运用小青龙汤加附子或石膏的临床经验。王世强教授认为小青龙汤证之根结在于“水气”,即水液代谢失常。治疗小青龙汤证,就是“治水”,即“青龙治水”,让“水气”从体内排出。方法无外乎使寒化之水气温热蒸腾,因汗而出,即小青龙汤加附子;热化之水气遇寒,凝结成有形之水从小便排出,即小青龙汤加石膏;三焦阳气不足,气化无力,体内水气又出现热化之象,需在用附子温肾阳助小青龙汤温通三焦之时,再使热化之水气遇寒凝结成有形之水从小便而出,即小青龙汤加附子、石膏。

附子水提物及附子多糖通过抑制TGF-β1/Smads信号通路发挥抗肾脏纤维化作用机制研究

目的:基于TGF-β1/Smads通路探讨附子水提物及附子多糖对肾脏纤维化的影响及可能作用机制。方法:体外培养肾小球内皮细胞(HRGECs),采用TGF-β1刺激诱导HRGECs纤维化样模型。造模成功后将细胞分为正常组、TGF-β1模型组(30 ng/mL)、附子水提物组(10 mg/mL)、附子多糖组(5 mg/mL)。光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察细胞形态的变化;细胞划痕实验、Transwell实验观察细胞迁移和侵袭能力;RT-qPCR法检测α-SMA、FSP-1、ZO-1、CD31 mRNA表达水平;Western-blot法检测α-SMA、FSP-1、ZO-1、CD31、p-Smad3、Smad7蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,TGF-β1刺激72 h后HRGECs形态出现纤维化样变,迁移和侵袭能力增强(P<0.01),α-SMA、FSP-1蛋白及mRNA表达升高,ZO-1、CD31蛋白及mRNA表达下调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与TGF-β1模型组比较,附子水提物组、附子多糖组细胞形态改善,迁移和侵袭能力降低(P<0.01),α-SMA、FSP-1、p-Smad3蛋白及mRNA表达下降;ZO-1、CD31、Smad7蛋白及mRNA表达升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:TGF-β1可明显诱导肾小球内皮细胞发生纤维化改变。附子水提物及附子多糖对TGF-β1诱导的HRGECs纤维化改变有明显的改善作用,其机制可能与调节TGF-β1/Smads信号通路有关。

液相色谱-质谱技术结合网络药理学研究附子-葶苈子药对的抗心力衰竭作用机制

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q TOF MS^(E))技术,结合UNIFI软件对附子-葶苈子药对水煎液中的化学成分进行分析鉴定。首先,在UPLC-Q TOF MS^(E)正、负离子模式下采集质谱数据,使用UNIFI软件对化合物精确相对分子质量和串联质谱数据进行辅助解析,结合对照品的质谱信息及相关参考文献,从附子-葶苈子共煎液中共鉴定出142个化合物。以这些成分为候选化合物,采用网络药理学方法,构建了“药物-成分-靶点”关键网络,筛选出附子-葶苈子药对治疗心力衰竭的10个关键靶点,分别为BCL2、IL6、STAT3、CASP3、PPARG、ESR1、EGFR、AKT1、MMP9、PTGS2,它们主要参与调控糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路、表皮生长因子受体信号通路以及缺氧诱导因子信号通路等;活性成分包括水黄皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素等黄酮类和惰碱、德尔妥因等生物碱类以及穿心莲内酯类化合物。该研究揭示了附子-葶苈子配伍抗心力衰竭的潜在作用机制,为该药对的临床应用提供了科学依据。

基于“有故无殒”理论的健康与慢性心力衰竭状态下附子对小鼠心脏不同作用的实验研究

目的基于中医经典“有故无殒”理论,探讨附子水煎液对健康小鼠及慢性心力衰竭小鼠心脏的不同作用。方法将SPF级别8周龄C57BL/6J品系雄性小鼠随机分为对照组(Ctrl)、附子组(FZH)、多柔比星组(Dox)、多柔比星加附子组(Dox+FZH)。分别给予Dox小鼠和Dox+FZH小鼠每3天腹腔注射5 mg/kg多柔比星,Ctrl与FZH给予等体积氯化钠溶液(9 g/L)腹腔注射,实验开始第1天给予Dox、Dox+FZH小鼠5 mg/kg多柔比星腹腔注射后,分别给FZH与Dox+FZH小鼠每日2 g/kg附子灌胃,Ctrl与Dox小鼠分别使用等体积氯化钠溶液(9 g/L)灌胃,造模周期共4周。观察小鼠的一般情况,对小鼠生存率、心质量、体质量、心质量比、心胫比及心超指标等进行统计,分析小鼠心脏组织及血清中脑利尿钠肽(BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)的含量,并检测心脏组织中凋亡相关蛋白的表达情况,观察小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积大小,评估附子对健康和慢性心力衰竭状态下小鼠心肌损伤的影响。结果(1)健康状态下,Ctrl和FZH小鼠被毛毛色光亮,形体匀称,四肢活动正常且Ctrl和FZH小鼠均未见死亡;与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠的心质量、心质量比、心胫比、左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率、心率、收缩期左室后壁厚度均降低(P<0.05),左室舒张末期内径升高(P<0.05);与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠活化后的半胱氨酸蛋白3(Cleaved-Caspase3)表达升高(P<0.05),B-细胞淋巴瘤因子2蛋白/Bcl2关联X蛋白(Bcl2/Bax)比值降低(P<0.05);血清中BNP和cTnⅠ的含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积相应缩小(P<0.05)。与Ctrl比较,FZH小鼠心房利尿钠肽(ANP)基因表达升高(P<0.05)。(2)慢性心力衰竭状态下,Dox小鼠毛色晦暗,形体消瘦,活动迟缓,进食量减少,而Dox+FZH小鼠活动能力和进食情况均较Dox有所改善;Dox共计死亡6只,Dox+FZH小鼠死亡3只,附子可以改善病理状态小鼠生存率但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠心率降低(P<0.05),左室射血分数轻度上升但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠Bcl2/Bax比值明显升高(P<0.05),Cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达降低但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清中BNP和cTnⅠ的含量减少(P<0.05);小鼠心脏组织切片单个心肌细胞横截面积增大(P<0.05)。与Dox比较,Dox+FZH小鼠ANP基因表达变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论附子对健康状态下的小鼠心脏产生毒性作用,对慢性心力衰竭状态下的小鼠具有一定治疗作用。

张锡纯附子用药解析

张锡纯是清末民初的代表性医家,研究其使用附子的习惯与规律对于指导临证有现实意义。在张锡纯著作《医学衷中参西录》中,含附子方剂共计30首,其中29首为复方汤剂,21首方剂指明使用经过炮制的附子(原文称“乌附子”),无使用生附子的实际案例,均未对煎煮法作特殊要求,其用量为0.6~24 g,总体使用剂量较小。人参、甘草、干姜、山药、白术是常与附子配伍的药味,旨在发挥益火扶阳(温里寒)、温阳通痹、回阳固脱、引火归元等功效。张锡纯使用附子的用法较为谨慎保守,其用药经验可以为现代中医临床提供思路与启示。

基于网络药理学与分子对接技术探讨附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠作用机制

目的运用网络药理学和分子对接技术研究附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药配伍治疗失眠的作用机制。方法收集附子、龙骨、牡蛎活性成分并预测其作用靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM、TTD、DisGeNET数据库筛选失眠靶点,取药物与疾病的交集靶点;采用STRING数据库获得蛋白互作关系,并通过Cytoscape3.9.1进行可视化分析,预测附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠的关键靶点;采用Metascape数据库进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,获得潜在作用通路;采用AutoDock Vina1.1.2软件对核心靶点与主要活性成分进行分子对接。结果获得附子、龙骨、牡蛎43个活性成分,涉及失眠作用靶点34个,其中主要活性成分为磷酸钙、benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、蛋氨酸、新芥酸B等,核心靶点为ALB、GSK3B、TGFB1、ESR1、PPARG、SERPINE1、FGFR1等。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠主要涉及癌症通路、5-羟色胺能突触通路、MAPK信号通路、多巴胺能突触通路等。分子对接验证显示,benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、新芥酸B等主要活性成分与ALB、GSK3B、TGFB1等核心靶点有较强的结合活性。结论附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药配伍使用可能通过磷酸钙、蛋氨酸、Benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、新芥酸B等成分,通过作用于ALB、ESR1、PPARG、GSK3B、TGFB1等核心靶点,作用于神经递质调节、炎症因子等信号通路,发挥调节抑郁情绪、改善失眠的作用。

淡附片标准汤剂质量标准研究

目的制备淡附片标准汤剂,进行含量测定及指纹图谱分析。方法制备15批淡附片标准汤剂,通过检测单酯型生物碱的含量计算其转移率;采用HPLC建立淡附片标准汤剂指纹图谱,计算指纹图谱相似度。结果15批淡附片标准汤剂的单酯型生物碱转移率为56.93%~94.06%,平均转移率为78.03%。经HPLC指纹图谱分析,发现共有峰9个,确认其中3个;15批淡附片标准汤剂的指纹图谱与对照指纹图谱相似度均大于0.95。结论本研究建立了淡附片标准汤剂HPLC含量测定和指纹图谱分析方法,可为淡附片中药配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考。

人参再造丸中6种乌头类生物碱的含量测定方法研究

建立人参再造丸(浓缩丸)中6种乌头类生物碱含量的检测方法。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS)对人参再造丸(浓缩丸)中双酯型生物和单酯型生物碱的含量进行测定,梯度洗脱模式下,以0.1%甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相,电喷雾离子源(正离子模式),监测模式为多反应监测。结果表明,6种生物碱均有良好的线性关系,精密度试验、稳定性试验、重复性试验中RSD均低于5%,平均回收率和RSD分别为97.27%~108.29%和1.99%~4.01%。所建立的方法能同时准确、快速地测定人参再造丸(浓缩丸)中6种乌头类生物碱成分的含量,专属性强、灵敏度高、重复性好,能为全面有效管控人参再造丸(浓缩丸)质量提供参考。

A feasible,economical,and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from different manufacturing sources and processing ways

Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for its potency in restoring yang and rescuing from collapse. Aconiti alkaloids, mainly including monoester-diterpenoidaconitines(MDAs) and diester-diterpenoidaconitines(DDAs), are considered to act as both bioactive and toxic constituents. In the present study, a feasible, economical, and accurate HPLC method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers using the Single Standard for Determination of Multi-Components(SSDMC) method was developed and fully validated. Benzoylmesaconine was used as the unique reference standard. This method was proven as accurate(recovery varying between 97.5%-101.8%, RSD < 3%), precise(RSD 0.63%-2.05%), and linear(R > 0.999 9) over the concentration ranges, and subsequently applied to quantitative evaluation of 62 batches of samples, among which 45 batches were from good manufacturing practice(GMP) facilities and 17 batches from the drug market. The contents were then analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA) and homogeneity test. The present study provided valuable information for improving the quality standard of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. The developed method also has the potential in analysis of other Aconitum species, such as Aconitum carmichaelii(prepared parent root) and Aconitum kusnezoffii(prepared root).

Efficacy of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) on myocardial infarction by enhancing autophagy in rats

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)on myocardial infarction(MI)through regulating myocardial autophagy.METHODS:Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(n=6 or 7 for each).After treatment for 3 weeks,electrocardiogram(ECG)and cardiac function were recorded.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to detect pathological changes in the heart.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin T(c Tn T),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and serum inflammatory cytokines.Metabolomic analysis was used to identify differential biomarkers of MI in rats.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect BNP,cTnT,TNF-α,LC3B,Beclin-1,p62,and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)expression in cardiac tissue.RESULTS:Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)markedly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECGs,demonstrated by decreases in the heart weight/body weight ratio,BNP,and c Tn T.Pro-inflammation cytokine interleukin(IL)-1αsignificantly decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly increased in Renshen(Radix Ginseng)single or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)groups compared with the control group.HE results suggested that co-treatment produced a greater reduction in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area than Renshen(Radix Ginseng)or Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone.Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)reversed these changes to different degrees in MI rats.Furthermore,Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)down-regulated LC3 B,Beclin-1,and AMPK expression in cardiac tissue and upregulated p62 expression.CONCLUSIONS:Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)may have a greater effect on heart injury induced by MI in rats than Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)treatment alone,and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of myocardial autophagy and anti-inflammation effects.These results provide fresh insight into the mechanism of co-treatment with Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)for MI.

Study on Hot Property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Its Compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Based on Animal Temperature Tropism

Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma(ZR) on animal temperature tropism.Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR.Meanwhile,the activities of adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase),total anti-oxidant capability(T-AOC),and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) were measured.Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group,the compatibility between ALRP and ZR(AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism.Meanwhile,the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity,and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly(P < 0.05),suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism.The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice.In addition,it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP.Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property,but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property.This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way.The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.

Hot Property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and its Compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma Based on Animal Temperature Tropism

Abstract: Objective To establish an objective method for evaluating the intrinsic characteristics between hot and cold properties of herbal drugs and to study the hot property of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and its compatibility with Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) on animal temperature tropism. Methods The equipment with cold/hot pads was used to investigate the variety of temperature tropism among mice treated by ALRP and its compatibility with ZR. Meanwhile, the activities of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), total anti-oxidant capability (T-AOC), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were measured. Results Compared with the homologous ALRP group, the compatibility between ALRP and ZR (AZ) had a stronger action against the decreasing of remaining rate on hot pad (P 【 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of cold tropism. Meanwhile, the internal indexes of Na+-K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity, and oxygen consuming volume increased significantly (P 【 0.05), suggesting an enhancement of energy metabolism. The changes of T-AOC and T-SOD activity suggested that AZ reinforced the anti-oxidative capability of mice. In addition, it could be inferred from cluster analysis that the activity of AZ was concretely stronger than that of homologous ALRP. Conclusion ALRP and ZR are both herbs with hot property, but AZ has an enhanced trend of hot property. This external behavior of cold tropism and the internal activity of energy metabolism and anti-oxidant might reflect the internal hot property in an intuitive and objective way. The changes of ATPase activity of liver tissue might be the mechanism of drug action.

响应面法优化活性炭对附子多糖的脱色工艺及抗氧化性研究

采用响应面分析法优化活性炭对附子多糖的脱色工艺,并测定了脱色后的附子多糖的抗氧化性。根据前期的单因素实验结果,以活性炭的用量、脱色的温度和脱色的时间为自变量,脱色率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合实验并结合响应面分析法,优化附子多糖的脱色工艺,并通过测定DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除率,来评价脱色后的附子多糖的抗氧化性。结果表明,附子多糖的最佳脱色工艺条件为:活性炭用量为1.4%(m/m),脱色温度60℃,脱色时间52min,在此条件下,附子多糖的平均脱色率为84.99%,与预测值(85.22%)接近;附子多糖的质量浓度为0.018~0.090 mg·mL^(-1)时,对DPPH·和·OH的清除率,最大分别为85.54%和72.64%。

唐宋时期运用附子治疗肢体痹的文献研究

目的通过对唐宋时期记载治疗肢体痹方剂中附子的应用研究,梳理附子使用剂量、炮制及配伍方法,以期指导现代临床应用。方法整理唐宋医籍中治疗肢体痹方剂,筛选其中含附子的方剂,经古今剂量换算等,分析附子的使用范围、剂量、炮制及配伍情况。结果唐宋时期肢体痹方中,附子应用范围广,不仅用于寒邪所致之痹,通过药物配伍,也运用到热痹的治疗中;痛痹、行痹、着痹三痹之中,以痛痹使用附子为多。唐宋时期肢体痹治疗方药中,汤、丸、散剂的附子常用剂量相仿,以汤剂剂量跨度最甚,最大使用量为160g。宋代煮散剂中附子的每服剂量远远低于唐代剂量。肢体痹方中附子无特殊煎煮法;附子-防风是常见的减毒配伍药对。结论疼痛是应用附子治痹之契机,根据是否兼热酌情佐以清热;中小剂量、常规煎煮或许更能发挥附子抗炎镇痛之效,且无中毒之虞;防风与附子相配治痹,既能增效又可减毒。唐宋时期附子治痹经验对当今风湿病中医临床有重要参考价值。