Heme is an important cofactor and a regulatory molecule involved in various physiological processes in virtually all living cellular organisms,and it can also serve as the primary iron source for many bacteria,particu...Heme is an important cofactor and a regulatory molecule involved in various physiological processes in virtually all living cellular organisms,and it can also serve as the primary iron source for many bacteria,particularly pathogens.However,excess heme is cytotoxic to cells.In order to meet physiological needs while preventing deleterious effects,bacteria have evolved sophisti-cated cellular mechanisms to maintain heme homeostasis.Recent advances in technologies have shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the biological processes crucial to heme homeostasis,including synthesis,acquisition,utilization,degradation,trafficking,and efflux,as well as their regulation.Central to these mechanisms is the regulation of the heme,by the heme,and for the heme.In this review,we present state-of-the-art findings covering the biochemical,physio-logical,and structural characterization of important,newly identified hemoproteins/systems involved in heme homeostasis.展开更多
The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.Nitrogen(N)is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants,and its availability is a major determina...The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.Nitrogen(N)is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants,and its availability is a major determinant for crop production.Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling.Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation,N uptake and translocation,ammonium toxicity,anthocyanin accumulation,and premature senescence,thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status.Here,we review the ethylenemediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses.We specifically discuss the N-ethylene relations in rice,an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(Nos.31930003 and 41976087)。
文摘Heme is an important cofactor and a regulatory molecule involved in various physiological processes in virtually all living cellular organisms,and it can also serve as the primary iron source for many bacteria,particularly pathogens.However,excess heme is cytotoxic to cells.In order to meet physiological needs while preventing deleterious effects,bacteria have evolved sophisti-cated cellular mechanisms to maintain heme homeostasis.Recent advances in technologies have shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern the biological processes crucial to heme homeostasis,including synthesis,acquisition,utilization,degradation,trafficking,and efflux,as well as their regulation.Central to these mechanisms is the regulation of the heme,by the heme,and for the heme.In this review,we present state-of-the-art findings covering the biochemical,physio-logical,and structural characterization of important,newly identified hemoproteins/systems involved in heme homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1000400)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(NG2021001)。
文摘The stress hormone ethylene plays a key role in plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.Nitrogen(N)is the most quantitatively required mineral nutrient for plants,and its availability is a major determinant for crop production.Changes in N availability or N forms can alter ethylene biosynthesis and/or signaling.Ethylene serves as an important cellular signal to mediate root system architecture adaptation,N uptake and translocation,ammonium toxicity,anthocyanin accumulation,and premature senescence,thereby adapting plant growth and development to external N status.Here,we review the ethylenemediated morphological and physiological responses and highlight how ethylene transduces the N signals to the adaptive responses.We specifically discuss the N-ethylene relations in rice,an important cereal crop in which ethylene is essential for its hypoxia survival.
