Polymyxin B Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Stress Fiber Formation and Cellular Hypertrophy

Polymyxin B is widely used antibiotic in the clinic for resistant Gram-negative infections. In addition, polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion cartridge has been used for endotoxin removal therapy in patients with septic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic and anti-cellular hypertrophic effects of polymyxin B, and further to explore its possible mechanism. Polymyxin B (3, 10 μM) significantly inhibited stress fiber formation induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in rat heart-derived H9c2 cells. Furthermore, polymyxin B (1 - 10 μM) showed a potent inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Under the mechanism study, the inhibitory activities of polymyxin B against kinases involved in cellular hypertrophy such as AKT1, CAMK, GRK5, GSK3β, MLCK, PKC, PKD2, AMPK, ROCK2, p70S6K, SGK1were evaluated. Polymyxin B possesses a potent G protein related kinase 5 (GKR5) inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 1.1 μM, and has an ATP non-competitive inhibitory mode. Taken together, these results indicate that polymyxin B alleviates Ang II-induced stress fiber formation and cellular hypertrophy, and propose that one mechanism underlying these effects involves inhibition of the GRK5 pathway.

成肌纤维细胞分化过程中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的形成及其作用

成肌纤维细胞是活化的成纤维细胞,在组织的损伤修复以及许多纤维化疾病过程中都具有重要的作用。其特征性改变是表达α平滑肌肌动蛋白,形成肌动蛋白细胞骨架,并且分泌大量的细胞外基质成分。肌动蛋白细胞骨架参与细胞的收缩、黏着斑的形成、细胞外基质的重构以及相关基因转录与翻译的调控,促进成肌纤维细胞的分化及组织的纤维化过程。研究肌动蛋白细胞骨架在成肌纤维细胞中的形成及其功能有助于更好地了解成肌纤维细胞的活化机制及其在相关疾病发生、发展过程中的作用。

Altered cytoskeletal structures in transformed cells exhibiting obviously metastatic capabilities

Cytoskeletal changes in transformed cells (LM-51) eshibiting obviously metastatic capabilities were investigated by utilization of double-fluorescent labelling through combinations of:(1) tubulin indirect immunofluorescence plus Rhodamine-phalloidin staining of F-actins;(2) indirect immunofluorescent staining with α-actinin polyclonal-and vinculin monoclonal antibodies.The LM-51 cells which showed metastatic index of >50% were derived from lung metastasis in nude mice after subcutaneous inoculation of human highly metastatic tumor DNA transfected NIH3T3 cell transformants.The parent NIH3T3 cells exhibited well-organized microtubules,prominent stress fibers and adhesion plaques while their transformants showed remarkable cytoskeletal alterations:(1)reduced microtubules but increased MTOC fluorescence;(2)disrupted stress fibers and fewer adhesion plaques with their protein components redistributed in the cytoplasm;(3)Factin-and α-actinin/vinculin aggregates appeared in the cytoplasm.These aggregates were dot-like,varied in size(0.1-0.4μm) and number,located near the ventral surface of the cells.TPA-induced actin/vinculin bodies were studied too.Indications that actin and α-actinin/vinculin redistribution might be important alterations involved in the expression of metastatic capabilities of LM-51 transformed cells were discussed.

CX3CL1介导人脐静脉内皮细胞骨架改变的功能研究

该研究探讨了趋化因子CX3CL1对人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)骨架的影响及其作用机制。CX3CL1刺激HUVECs后,采用免疫荧光染色技术检测细胞骨架蛋白纤维状肌动蛋白(F-actin)的分布和形态改变,采用Western blot技术检测胞质内F-actin和磷酸化促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinases,MAPKs)的三种亚型[p38、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)]的表达水平。结果显示,10 nmol/L CX3CL1刺激HUVECs 30 min后,细胞的致密外周带逐渐被破坏,胞质内有应力纤维形成;120 min后,外周带消失,胞质内有大量的致密应力纤维形成;180 min后,胞质内应力纤维减少,少数细胞可见致密外周带。10 nmol/L CX3CL1刺激HUVECs30 min后,F-actin的表达水平逐渐升高,并于120 min后达峰值;10 nmol/L CX3CL1刺激HUVECs 1 min后,磷酸化p38、ERK1/2和JNK表达水平升高,5 min后三者的表达水平达峰值;5μg/m L抗CX3CR1抗体抑制10 nmol/L CX3CL1刺激HUVECs后,磷酸化p38、ERK1/2和JNK的表达水平降低;30μmol/L p38的特异性抑制剂SB203580和ERK1/2的特异性抑制剂PD98059抑制10 nmol/L CX3CL1刺激HUVECs后,胞质内应力纤维减少,应力纤维变短,F-actin的表达水平降低。以上研究结果表明,CX3CL1能通过p38和ERK1/2信号通路以时间依赖方式介导HUVECs细胞骨架的重构。