Polyphenols and pectin enriched golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) alleviates high fructose-induced glucolipid disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats:in association with improvement of fatty acids metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of fleshes from two Actinidia chinensis(ACF), pericarps from two A. chinensis(ACP), and fleshes with pericarps from two A. chinensis(ACFP)on high fructose(HF)-instigated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and fatty acid metabolism disorders in rats. In general, the above abnormalities were improved after 10 weeks intervention of ACF, ACP, and ACFP. Especially, ACFP considerably ameliorated HF-induced abnormal changes in body weight gain, serum TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels, as well as serum and hepatic SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs contents. ACFP also alleviated HF-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, stabilized HF-caused increase in hepatic MDA and serum ALT, AST levels, and restored HF-declined hepatic T-SOD and GSH-Px activities. Besides, histopathology of the liver further endorsed the protective effects of ACFP on hepatocellular injury. Moreover, ACFP increased HF-dropped acetic, propionic and butyric acid levels. Overall, ACFP employs more efficacious protective effects against HF-induced metabolic disorders and liver damage than ACF and ACP. This study delivers a scientific foundation for developing kiwifruit(counting peel)-based dietary supplements for those with glucolipid-metabolic disorders and liver damage.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.root extract downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat gastric cancer:a mechanism study based on network pharmacology

Background:Actinidia chinensis Planch.roots(AcRoots)have been applied as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug in the treatment of gastric cancer(GC).However,their mechanisms against GC cells remain unclear.To investigate the anticancer effect of AcRoots in GC and the possible underlying mechanism by using network pharmacology.Methods:Differentially expressed genes between gastric precancerous lesions and cancer were analyzed in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets,and these genes were overlapped with potential targets of AcRoots.Potential targets and pathways for AcRoots treatment of GC predicted by network pharmacology.Furthermore,we used the GC cell line HGC27 to explore the molecular mechanisms in the context of hub genes in apoptosis,invasion,metastasis,and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-promoting factors.Molecular docking between hub targets and active drug components was also performed.Results:Network pharmacological analysis suggested that the potential mechanism was related to the Wnt pathway and predicted nine hub genes.In in vitro studies,AcRoots significantly decreased HGC27 cell viability and promoted apoptosis by upregulating caspase3 and downregulating Bcl2.Moreover,it suppressed invasion and metastasis as well as the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related factors.In addition,AcRoots affected the phosphorylation level of GSK3β(Ser9)in the Wnt pathway to promote the degradation ofβ-catenin,resulting in the downregulation of the downstream target genes c-myc,cyclin D1 and snail.All the experimental results were consistent with the network pharmacology results.Conclusion:This study combined network pharmacology with in vitro experiments to provide valid evidence for the clinical promotion of AcRoots.

Effects of mechanical vibration on root development of Actinidia chinensis plantlet

The root development of Actinidia chinensis planUets was studied in exposure to environmental stress of mechanical vibration at respectively 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz, 4 Hz and 5 Hz. The plantlets exposed to vibration stimuli at all those frequencies have a larger total number and a larger total length of roots and a smaller permeability of root plasma-membrane, compared with those cultivated in an environment without vibration stress. Vibration at respectively 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz and 4 Hz enhances root activity and the 3 Hz vibration is the most favorable. There is an obvious negative correlation between root activity and permeability of root plasma-membrane. The effects may be explained by the likelihood that mechanical Vibration at an appropriate frequency facilitates roots＇ absorbing water and minerals which are indispensable to inducing and synthesizing in roots some active substances favorable to growth. Nevertheless, overstress damages the integrity of root plasm-membrane, increases the permeability, and results in the disability of protecting root cells.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS POLYSACCHARIDE ON MURINE TUMOR

A new polysaccharide compound (ACPS-R) has recently been isolated from the root of Actinidia Chinensis Planch. When given inttaperitoneally to the transplantable tumor bearing mice at dose of 75-125 mg/kg, the tumor inhibition rate was more than 88.8% in Ehrilich ascitic cancer (EAC) or ascitic from of hepatoma (HepA) and more than 49.6% in solid hepatoma (HepS). The treatment effect of ACPS-R on EAC at dose of 80-100 mg kg and 125 mg/kg were comparable to that of cyclophosphamide at dose of 15 mg/kg and 22.5 mg/kg, respectively. ACPS-R could also prolong the life of EAC- or P388-bearing mice, and increase the percentage of EAC-free mice. In addition, when ACPS-R was used in combination with 5-Fu, the antitumor effect was enhanced as compared with 5-Fu alone. A marked increase in cAMP levels end cAMP cGMP ratio of spleen of EAC-bearing mice were observed after treatment of ACPS-R. The increase of both para meters nearly reached the normal levels of healthy mice. The increases of cAMP, cAMP cGMP and tumor remission had statistical significance. It showed an intermediate inhibitory effect of ACPS-R on DNA synthesis by incorporating 3H-TdR into EAC cells.The results indicated that ACPS-R acts as a new antitumor polysaccharide, and the treatment effect of Actinidia root in folk medicine is probably related to ACPS-R.

Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide interferes with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer by regulating the nuclear transcription factor-κB pathway to inhibit invasion and metastasis

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanisms of the effect of Actinidia chinensis polysaccharide(ACPS)on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells.METHODS:BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer cells stably transfected with a luciferase gene were used to establish an insitutransplanted tumor mouse model.A live mouse imaging system was used to observe tumor growth,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to analyze tissue histopathology.Transwell and scratch wound assays were performed to examine the invasive and migratory ability of BGC-823 cells.Immunofluorescence,confocal microscopy,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot assays were used to analyze the expressions of the nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-related proteins.RESULTS:ACPS significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted BGC-823-Luc gastric cancer tumors in nude mice and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited Epidermal Growth Factor-induced invasion,migration,and morphological changes in the cytoskeleton of BGC-823cells.ACPS inhibited gastric cancer EMT and decreased the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9,N-cadherin and p-NF-κB p65 in transplanted tumor tissues.ACPS inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and vascular adhesion factors in BGC-823 cells,promoted p65-NF-κB nuclear translocation,and regulated proteins associated with the NF-κB p65 pathway.CONCLUSIONS:ACPS inhibited gastric cancer invasion and metastasis both in vivo and in vitro,which evidenced the inhibition of gastric cancer EMT via regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.

Effects of Ethephon and Abscisic Acid Application on Ripening-Related Genes in ‘Kohi' Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) on the Vine

The effects of ethephon and abscisic acid(ABA) application on ripening-related genes of pre-harvest ‘Kohi' kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis) were studied to clarify the possibility of the fruit ripening on the vine. The fruits were treated on the vine at mature stage with 250 μL·L^(-1)ethephon or 100 μmol·L^(-1)ABA, and the expression levels of chlorophyll synthase(Ac CLS), chlorophyllase1(Ac CLH1), polygalacturonase(Ac PG), expansin(Ac EXP),β-amylase(Acβ-AM), sucrose synthase(Ac SUSY), MADS-box SEPALLATA4/RIPENING INHIBITOR-like(Ac SEP4/RIN) and FRUITFUL-like(Ac TDR4/FUL) genes were analyzed. The expression levels of Ac PG, Ac EXP, Acβ-AM, and Ac SUSY increased in the ethephon-treated fruit, but those of Ac CLH1 at 6and 9 days after treatment and Ac CLS decreased. Moreover, the expression levels of Ac SEP4/RIN and Ac TDR4/FUL, the latter of which is associated with ethylene biosynthesis, were higher in the ethephon-treated fruit. The expression level of each gene in ABA-treated fruit was not significantly different from that of the untreated control. The results suggest that ethephon application increases the expression levels of Ac PG,Ac EXP, Acβ-AM, Ac SUSY, Ac SEP4/RIN, and Ac TDR4/FUL in ‘Kohi' kiwifruit on the vine.

Screening of active fractions from Radix of Actinidiae chinensis in vitro

Objective Radix of Actinidiae chinensis,a medicinal plant used in China,is the dry root of Actini-diaceae plant and has been extensively employed to treat cancers of various organs,including the lung,liver and digestive system.However,up to now,its active antitumor and antiviral fractions remain unclear.The main purpose of this study is to identify the antitumor and antiviral sites of Radix of Actinidiae chinensis,which provides evidences for its further development.Methods Radix of Actinidiae chinensis was extracted by the refluxing sequentially with acetidin,ethanol and water,followed by the column chromatography and thin layer chromatography.The antitumor effects on Bel-7402,SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cells were investigated to screen the active antitumor sites by cell inhibition,the growth curve and the apoptosis staining.Meanwhile,to screen the active anti-hepatovirus fractions,the cell growth and the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells were evaluated by the MTT test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively.Results The acetidin fraction Y(Y1+Y2),the ethanol fraction A(A1+A3+A4) and B(A1+A4+A6),and the fraction compound C(A1+A4+Y1) have strong inhibitive effects on Bel-7402,SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell lines.Moreover,the tumor cell apoptosis could be induced by the ethanol fraction B and the fraction compound C.In HepG2.2.15 cells,the treatment indexes of the acetidin fraction Y,the ethanol fraction A and the fraction compound C all exceeded 2 on the secretion of HBsAg,indicating the suppre-ssive effects of them on hepatitis B virus.The fraction yields of A,B and C exceeded 50%(60.28%,54.35% and 62.64% respectively),while that of Y did not(17.7%).Conclusion The ethanol fraction B and the fraction compound C are the antitumor sites of Actinidiae chinensis Radix,while the ethanol fraction A and the fraction compound C are its antiviral sites.

Fruit development rule of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’

The fruit development rules of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars were studied in this paper. ‘Fengyue’has the same fruit development cycle as‘Cuiyu’. According to soluble solids content, there are four stages during fruit development phase named comparatively stable period, slow increase period, rapid increase period and stagnating increase period. Fruit firmness change exhibits two periods, i.e. slowly declining period and rapidly declining period. There is an obvious corresponding relation between the changes of fruit firmness and the soluble solids content, i.e. the rapidly declining time of fruit firmness corresponds with the rapidly increasing time of soluble solids content. According to the experiment, the best picking periods of ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’are mid September to mid October and early October to early November, respectively.

INTERSPECIFIC SOMATIC HYBRIDS IN ACTINIDIA

Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.

不同浓度镉污染土壤对猕猴桃的影响

利用盆栽模拟试验,设置3种浓度镉(Cd)污染土壤处理和空白对照,探究不同浓度Cd污染土壤对猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)生长的影响以及Cd在猕猴桃中的富集和转移规律。结果表明,在低浓度Cd污染土壤中,猕猴桃的鲜重、根茎部直径、根长、叶面积均无显著影响,在中高浓度Cd污染土壤中,猕猴桃的生长发育被抑制,鲜重、根茎部直径、根长、叶面积均下降,且浓度越高生长受到的抑制越严重;随着土壤Cd浓度的增加,猕猴桃叶的吸收能力增加而富集能力不变、猕猴桃茎吸收能力增加而富集能力先减小后增加、猕猴桃根吸收能力增强而富集能力先下降后趋于稳定;随着土壤Cd浓度的增加,猕猴桃的转移系数先下降后趋于稳定,转移系数均小于1,重金属Cd主要富集在猕猴桃根部;在不同浓度Cd污染条件下,猕猴桃根、茎、叶的富集系数均表现为根>茎>叶。

基于改进后局部搜索算法的猕猴桃预估产量在种植区域的分配性能

为进一步提高猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)预估产量在种植区域的分配性能,通过麻雀搜索算法、可变螺旋因子来改进局部搜索算法,并利用逐维透镜学习策略加快改进后局部搜索算法的收敛速度。结果表明,当猕猴桃预估产量不变时,随着可变螺旋因子数值增加,分配时间逐渐降低;当可变螺旋因子数值不变时,猕猴桃预估产量增加,分配时间也增加。猕猴桃预估产量分别为10、20、30、40、50、60 t,4个种植区域面积分别为500、650、700、850 m^(2)。建议当猕猴桃预估产量为10~60 t时,可变螺旋因子数值设定为4;当预估产量为10~40 t时,种植区域3可以满足最佳种植间隔,当预估产量为50~60 t时,种植区域4可以满足最佳种植间隔,根据不同预估产量及种植区域面积合理进行猕猴桃种植间隔分配,保证猕猴桃获得充足的养分。改进后局部搜索算法的收敛速度较快,在迭代500次时,算法已趋于收敛,深度学习、粒子群算法及灰狼算法的收敛速度均小于改进后局部搜索算法。

青钱柳叶提取物耦合茉莉酸甲酯对猕猴桃涂膜的保鲜效果

为研究能有效延长猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch)保质期的方法,选取壳聚糖为基质,添加一定浓度的茉莉酸甲酯和青钱柳(Cyclocarya paliurus(Batal.)Iljinsk)叶提取物对猕猴桃进行涂膜处理,分别采用单因素试验和正交试验,分析贮藏期间猕猴桃品质的变化规律,筛选和优化猕猴桃复合涂膜保鲜液的最佳配比组合。结果显示,壳聚糖0.8g/100mL、青钱柳叶提取物1.5g/100mL和茉莉酸甲酯0.12mmol/L的复合保鲜液对猕猴桃涂膜保鲜效果最佳;贮藏保鲜第16天时,最佳复合涂膜处理组的腐烂指数是对照组的1/4,固酸比始终低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明该复合涂膜保鲜液可供猕猴桃常温环境贮藏保鲜应用参考。

基于物联网的猕猴桃质量安全控制系统的设计与实现

将物联网、大数据等信息技术应用于猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)生产是产业发展的必然趋势,智慧生产模式与传统方式相比,具有节本、增效、精准、环保等优势。针对猕猴桃智慧生产模式设计了基于物联网的猕猴桃质量安全控制系统,对系统功能进行了详细分析,为实现猕猴桃智慧生产模式提供了新思路。

红肉猕猴桃‘东红’平均单果质量与果实品质相关性研究

以四川省蒲江县31家果园‘东红’猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis var.chinensis)为研究对象,采用大样本随机采样策略采集1.5 t商品果实,系统调查采收时平均果重,软熟时果实的色彩角、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、总酸含量、糖酸比、软熟率和腐烂率等指标,开展果重与其他果实性状统计分析。结果表明,31个果园采收时果实的平均果重,软熟时果实的色彩角、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、总酸含量、糖酸比,软熟率、腐烂率平均值分别为102.56 g、98.270H、0.55 Kg·F、17.97%、11.91 g/100 g、0.85 g/100 g、16.03%、5.56%和2.61%,均达到了商品果的要求。果品质量和品质相关性分析表明,平均果重和软熟期的可溶性固形物和总糖具有正相关性、与色彩角具有负相关性,平均果重较大的‘东红’猕猴桃果实具有更好的可溶性固形物和总糖含量,且果肉颜色更黄,整体商品性更为突出。最后,基于主成分分析发现‘东红’猕猴桃中载荷值较大的品质指标是色彩角、糖酸比、硬度和可溶性固形物。

猕猴桃采后贮藏保鲜的影响因素和主要技术研究进展

阐述了采前和采后影响猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)贮藏保鲜的主要因素,对猕猴桃贮藏保鲜的化学技术、生物技术和复合保鲜技术进行了归纳总结,最后从促进猕猴桃产业健康发展的角度对贮藏保鲜的前景进行了展望,旨在为延长猕猴桃贮藏保鲜期提供参考。

猕猴桃‘脐红’与‘徐香’越冬期转录组的比较分析

以不同抗寒能力的中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)‘脐红’和美味猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)‘徐香’为材料,在越冬期取样并分析生理指标,发现‘脐红’低温耐受性高于‘徐香’。对2个品种的转录组进行分析,GO聚类中细胞成分组织或生物生成、细胞器部分等差异较大;KEGG聚类中膜运输、翻译、转录、复制和修复等差异较大。对2个品种进行富集分析,淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物激素信号转导、苯丙类化合物的生物合成和黄酮类化合物的生物合成通路存在差异表达,解析了2个品种在越冬期转录水平的变化。

矿质元素对猕猴桃养分效应的研究进展

综述了矿质元素对猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch)土壤养分、树体营养、果实产量、品质和抗性的调控作用,矿质元素主要包括大量元素(氮、磷、钾)、中量元素(钙、镁、硫)、微量元素(氯、硼、锌、铁),介绍了养分之间的互作效应,以及适宜猕猴桃生长的土壤和叶片养分的含量范围,提出猕猴桃的养分研究应着重解决不同品种对土壤养分的需求规律以及树体养分的累积规律、养分高效利用机理、元素互作增效及平衡施肥等问题。

咸宁市猕猴桃产业发展现状及对策

通过深入调查咸宁市猕猴桃产业发展现状,分析其存在问题,从区划产业布局、开发野生资源、成立产业联盟、明确发展目标、加大扶持力度5个方面提出了推进咸宁市猕猴桃产业高质量发展的对策建议。

猕猴桃花粉活力测定方法研究

以中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)为样本,比较了制粉方法对花粉活力的影响,采用TTC法、I2-IK法和离体萌发法测定花粉活力,并用“3414”试验设计对蔗糖、硼酸、氯化钙浓度进行筛选,建立测定猕猴桃花粉活性的合适方法。结果表明,将花粉与花粉壳混合后更有利于花粉管的萌发;氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)和碘-碘化钾(I2-IK)不适用于猕猴桃花粉活力的测定,离体萌发法能有效地反映花粉的真实活力;离体萌发法的最佳配比为10%蔗糖+0.1 mg/mL硼酸+0.1 mg/mL氯化钙,萌发率可达77.9%。

学习先进经验,全面提升湖北省猕猴桃生产水平

通过参加全国猕猴桃标准化生产技术培训班,学习全国猕猴桃前沿生产技术,并观摩考察了陕西省周至县猕猴桃标准化生产模式、贮运加工生产线,结合湖北省省情和武汉市市情,提出了加快主推品种主推技术培育、加快生产规范化标准化建设、加快开展采后处理加工研发、加快推动区域公共品牌构建和加快探索都市猕猴桃发展模式的建议,以期为湖北省内猕猴桃产业的健康发展提供参考。