Polyphenols and pectin enriched golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) alleviates high fructose-induced glucolipid disorders and hepatic oxidative damage in rats:in association with improvement of fatty acids metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of fleshes from two Actinidia chinensis(ACF), pericarps from two A. chinensis(ACP), and fleshes with pericarps from two A. chinensis(ACFP)on high fructose(HF)-instigated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and fatty acid metabolism disorders in rats. In general, the above abnormalities were improved after 10 weeks intervention of ACF, ACP, and ACFP. Especially, ACFP considerably ameliorated HF-induced abnormal changes in body weight gain, serum TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels, as well as serum and hepatic SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs contents. ACFP also alleviated HF-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, stabilized HF-caused increase in hepatic MDA and serum ALT, AST levels, and restored HF-declined hepatic T-SOD and GSH-Px activities. Besides, histopathology of the liver further endorsed the protective effects of ACFP on hepatocellular injury. Moreover, ACFP increased HF-dropped acetic, propionic and butyric acid levels. Overall, ACFP employs more efficacious protective effects against HF-induced metabolic disorders and liver damage than ACF and ACP. This study delivers a scientific foundation for developing kiwifruit(counting peel)-based dietary supplements for those with glucolipid-metabolic disorders and liver damage.

Actinidia chinensis Planch.root extract downregulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to treat gastric cancer:a mechanism study based on network pharmacology

Background:Actinidia chinensis Planch.roots(AcRoots)have been applied as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor drug in the treatment of gastric cancer(GC).However,their mechanisms against GC cells remain unclear.To investigate the anticancer effect of AcRoots in GC and the possible underlying mechanism by using network pharmacology.Methods:Differentially expressed genes between gastric precancerous lesions and cancer were analyzed in Gene Expression Omnibus datasets,and these genes were overlapped with potential targets of AcRoots.Potential targets and pathways for AcRoots treatment of GC predicted by network pharmacology.Furthermore,we used the GC cell line HGC27 to explore the molecular mechanisms in the context of hub genes in apoptosis,invasion,metastasis,and epithelial to mesenchymal transition-promoting factors.Molecular docking between hub targets and active drug components was also performed.Results:Network pharmacological analysis suggested that the potential mechanism was related to the Wnt pathway and predicted nine hub genes.In in vitro studies,AcRoots significantly decreased HGC27 cell viability and promoted apoptosis by upregulating caspase3 and downregulating Bcl2.Moreover,it suppressed invasion and metastasis as well as the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related factors.In addition,AcRoots affected the phosphorylation level of GSK3β(Ser9)in the Wnt pathway to promote the degradation ofβ-catenin,resulting in the downregulation of the downstream target genes c-myc,cyclin D1 and snail.All the experimental results were consistent with the network pharmacology results.Conclusion:This study combined network pharmacology with in vitro experiments to provide valid evidence for the clinical promotion of AcRoots.

中华猕猴桃(Actinidiachinensis)在中国的适生性及其潜在地理分布模拟预测

利用181个地理分布调查数据,基于Arc GIS对中华猕猴桃的目前分布进行空间重建,利用Max Ent生态位模型对中华猕猴桃在中国的适生性及其未来气候变化下潜在可扩散地理范围进行了模拟与预测,分析中华猕猴桃在中国的适生性和扩散潜力及其空间格局,在未来气候变化背景下,预测中华猕猴桃当代及未来至2050年适生区分布格局变化。结果表明:中华猕猴桃当前的潜在适生区主要分布在23°―35°N之间和102°E以东的中亚热带山地丘陵区,如秦岭―大巴山、云贵高原、罗霄山脉―南岭和武夷山脉等地区。中华猕猴桃在当前气候条件下适生区总面积为2 382 381 km2,占中国版图的25.19%,在中等温室气体排放(RCP4.5)情景下预测至2050年,适生区总面积相对当前气候情景略有减少,但空间分布格局变化强烈。预测结果表明:在未来气候变暖影响下,中华猕猴桃潜在适生区具有向北或高纬度地区迁移的趋势。

中华猕猴桃（Actinidia Chinensis）雌雄异株性状变异的研究

通过２ａ调查，发现了介于中华猕猴桃雌株与雄株之间的中间类型，但该类型数量稀少，在野生群体中只占０．５％左右。雌雄异株性状的变异可以从雌株、雄株以及中间类型的花器发育水平上体现。雌花的雌蕊可育，但花粉没有生活力；雄花雌蕊败育，但花粉正常；而中间类型花朵的雌蕊部分发育，而且花粉也有生活力。仅在雌株与中间类型上可以见到明显的“柱头一花柱”结构，但二者在柱头表面乳突的密度与发育水平上显著不同。中间类型花朵的柱头上乳突稀少，而且部分萎陷；花粉粒能在其柱头上发芽，但大多数花粉管不能伸入柱头组织。中间类型的发现不仅对研究雌雄异株性状的演化有一定意义，而且也为培育中华猕猴桃雌雄同株新品种奠定了基础。

赣中、北地区中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)病害调查与鉴定

经初步调查鉴定我省赣中、北地区中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)的病害有13种。其中真菌性病害11种,线虫病害、生理性病害各1种.

Screening of active fractions from Radix of Actinidiae chinensis in vitro

Objective Radix of Actinidiae chinensis,a medicinal plant used in China,is the dry root of Actini-diaceae plant and has been extensively employed to treat cancers of various organs,including the lung,liver and digestive system.However,up to now,its active antitumor and antiviral fractions remain unclear.The main purpose of this study is to identify the antitumor and antiviral sites of Radix of Actinidiae chinensis,which provides evidences for its further development.Methods Radix of Actinidiae chinensis was extracted by the refluxing sequentially with acetidin,ethanol and water,followed by the column chromatography and thin layer chromatography.The antitumor effects on Bel-7402,SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cells were investigated to screen the active antitumor sites by cell inhibition,the growth curve and the apoptosis staining.Meanwhile,to screen the active anti-hepatovirus fractions,the cell growth and the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG2.2.15 cells were evaluated by the MTT test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively.Results The acetidin fraction Y(Y1+Y2),the ethanol fraction A(A1+A3+A4) and B(A1+A4+A6),and the fraction compound C(A1+A4+Y1) have strong inhibitive effects on Bel-7402,SW-620 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell lines.Moreover,the tumor cell apoptosis could be induced by the ethanol fraction B and the fraction compound C.In HepG2.2.15 cells,the treatment indexes of the acetidin fraction Y,the ethanol fraction A and the fraction compound C all exceeded 2 on the secretion of HBsAg,indicating the suppre-ssive effects of them on hepatitis B virus.The fraction yields of A,B and C exceeded 50%(60.28%,54.35% and 62.64% respectively),while that of Y did not(17.7%).Conclusion The ethanol fraction B and the fraction compound C are the antitumor sites of Actinidiae chinensis Radix,while the ethanol fraction A and the fraction compound C are its antiviral sites.

Effects of mechanical vibration on root development of Actinidia chinensis plantlet

The root development of Actinidia chinensis planUets was studied in exposure to environmental stress of mechanical vibration at respectively 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz, 4 Hz and 5 Hz. The plantlets exposed to vibration stimuli at all those frequencies have a larger total number and a larger total length of roots and a smaller permeability of root plasma-membrane, compared with those cultivated in an environment without vibration stress. Vibration at respectively 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz and 4 Hz enhances root activity and the 3 Hz vibration is the most favorable. There is an obvious negative correlation between root activity and permeability of root plasma-membrane. The effects may be explained by the likelihood that mechanical Vibration at an appropriate frequency facilitates roots＇ absorbing water and minerals which are indispensable to inducing and synthesizing in roots some active substances favorable to growth. Nevertheless, overstress damages the integrity of root plasm-membrane, increases the permeability, and results in the disability of protecting root cells.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS POLYSACCHARIDE ON MURINE TUMOR

A new polysaccharide compound (ACPS-R) has recently been isolated from the root of Actinidia Chinensis Planch. When given inttaperitoneally to the transplantable tumor bearing mice at dose of 75-125 mg/kg, the tumor inhibition rate was more than 88.8% in Ehrilich ascitic cancer (EAC) or ascitic from of hepatoma (HepA) and more than 49.6% in solid hepatoma (HepS). The treatment effect of ACPS-R on EAC at dose of 80-100 mg kg and 125 mg/kg were comparable to that of cyclophosphamide at dose of 15 mg/kg and 22.5 mg/kg, respectively. ACPS-R could also prolong the life of EAC- or P388-bearing mice, and increase the percentage of EAC-free mice. In addition, when ACPS-R was used in combination with 5-Fu, the antitumor effect was enhanced as compared with 5-Fu alone. A marked increase in cAMP levels end cAMP cGMP ratio of spleen of EAC-bearing mice were observed after treatment of ACPS-R. The increase of both para meters nearly reached the normal levels of healthy mice. The increases of cAMP, cAMP cGMP and tumor remission had statistical significance. It showed an intermediate inhibitory effect of ACPS-R on DNA synthesis by incorporating 3H-TdR into EAC cells.The results indicated that ACPS-R acts as a new antitumor polysaccharide, and the treatment effect of Actinidia root in folk medicine is probably related to ACPS-R.

Fruit development rule of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’

The fruit development rules of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars were studied in this paper. ‘Fengyue’has the same fruit development cycle as‘Cuiyu’. According to soluble solids content, there are four stages during fruit development phase named comparatively stable period, slow increase period, rapid increase period and stagnating increase period. Fruit firmness change exhibits two periods, i.e. slowly declining period and rapidly declining period. There is an obvious corresponding relation between the changes of fruit firmness and the soluble solids content, i.e. the rapidly declining time of fruit firmness corresponds with the rapidly increasing time of soluble solids content. According to the experiment, the best picking periods of ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’are mid September to mid October and early October to early November, respectively.

藤梨根多糖对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探究藤梨根(Actinidia chinensis root)多糖提取物对慢性酒精性肝损伤(Alcoholic liver injury,ALI)模型小鼠的保护作用研究。方法:采用超声法提取藤梨根多糖,随机将60只雄性健康昆明小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、藤梨根多糖低、中、高剂量组,除空白组外,其余各组小鼠连续灌胃56°红星二锅头酒15天,复制急性酒精性肝损伤模型后处死,检测各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量及肝组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平,以及血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量,计算小鼠肝脏指数,并对肝组织进行病理切片观察。结果:实验结果表明,与模型组相比,藤梨根多糖各浓度组血清AST、ALT、TG、TC水平显著降低(P<0.05);肝脏SOD和GSH水平上升显著(P<0.05);IL-6、TNF-α和MDA含量下降,有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏病理学改变明显改善。结论:藤梨根多糖能缓解快速大量饮酒引起的肝损伤,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用相关。

湖北秭归野生猕猴桃资源及其倍性分析

为探究湖北省秭归县境内野生猕猴桃的种类与分布情况,对秭归县区12个乡镇的野生猕猴桃属植物进行调查,依据形态学进行分类研究,并通过流式细胞仪测定不同种类猕猴桃的染色体倍性。结果表明,秭归县境内12个乡镇均分布有猕猴桃,共发现8个猕猴桃物种(含变种),海拔分布范围为600~2000 m,有3种类型在全县均有分布,屈原镇分布类型达6种,是野生猕猴桃资源分布最丰富的区域。流式细胞术(FCM)在8个种类的167份种质中检测到4个倍性水平,分别为二倍体、四倍体、六倍体和八倍体,其中,滑叶猕猴桃染色体倍性为首次报道。

猕猴桃AcSWEET基因家族的鉴定与表达分析

SWEET(Sugars will eventually be exported transporters)是近年来在植物中发现的一组糖转运蛋白,在植物生长、发育和非生物及生物胁迫响应等多种生理过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究利用生物信息学方法对猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)AcSWEET基因家族进行了鉴定,共获得29个AcSWEET基因,并对其氨基酸数量、相对分子量、等电点、不稳定系数、亚细胞定位、亲水指数进行了分析。结果显示:29个基因编码的氨基酸数目为680~906个;分子量范围为7.531~101.266 kDa,等电点在6.95~9.90,多数蛋白为定位于细胞膜的疏水性蛋白,具有1~2个MtN3结构域或PQ-loop结构域。此外,AcSWEET基因的外显子数量在4~6个,系统进化分析结果表明猕猴桃AcSWEET基因家族被分为4个亚族,同一亚族基因具有相似的内含子、外显子以及保守基序。表达模式分析结果表明,这些基因在果实不同发育时期具有表达特异性。推测AcSWEET26、AcSWEET7、AcSWEET15和AcSWEET13可能参与猕猴桃的蔗糖转运和积累。

INTERSPECIFIC SOMATIC HYBRIDS IN ACTINIDIA

Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.

猕猴桃AcMYB88的鉴定及功能研究

【目的】MYB转录因子在猕猴桃花青苷积累中发挥着重要作用,挖掘调控花青苷生物合成的MYB家族转录因子并验证其功能,可进一步明晰花青苷积累的分子机制。【方法】AcMYB110是猕猴桃花青苷生物合成的关键转录因子,通过系统发育树分析猕猴桃中97个MYB家族转录因子,筛选出与AcMYB110高度同源的12个MYB转录因子,采用生物信息学方法分析它们的理化性质、亲疏水性、蛋白磷酸化位点、蛋白质二级结构及其与其他物种的系统进化关系。【结果】12个MYB转录因子编码的氨基酸数目为200-423个;分子量范围为22.3-45.5 kD,均为定位于细胞核的亲水性蛋白。12个候选MYB蛋白的潜在磷酸化位点大多位于丝氨酸残基处;其二级结构以无规则卷曲为主,α-螺旋为辅。在12个候选MYB转录因子中筛选得到1个花青素积累相关的转录因子AcMYB88,在猕猴桃果实发育过程中AcMYB88基因与AcMYB110基因表达模式非常相似。【结论】烟草瞬时过表达研究表明,AcMYB88为花青苷积累的正向调控因子,且能与AcMYB110和AcbHLH42协同作用从而促进花青苷的积累。该研究为猕猴桃花青素生物合成以及育种研究等方面提供理论基础。

基于网络药理学探讨藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学的研究方法探讨中药藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的作用机制。方法通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)以及中医药整合药理学研究平台(TCMIP)获取藤梨根的主要活性成分和药物作用靶点,通过GeneCards数据库和OMIM数据库获取结直肠癌的疾病靶点,再通过R语言及VennDiagram作图数据包映射筛选得出药物与疾病的交集靶点,即为藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的潜在治疗靶点。利用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件、String数据库分别构建藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的潜在治疗靶点的“药物-成分-疾病-靶点”网络图和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络图。最后通过David数据库对潜在治疗靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,并将富集结果可视化。结果筛选到藤梨根药物主要活性成分6个,药物作用靶点154个,结直肠癌相关疾病靶点10622个,两者取交集得到藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的潜在治疗靶点145个;藤梨根的6种活性成分芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin)、ent-表儿茶素(ent-Epicatechin)、(+)-儿茶素[(+)-catechin]、槲皮素(quercetin)、谷甾醇(sitosterol)及β-谷甾醇(beta-sitosterol)均为治疗结直肠癌的关键核心成分,关键靶点有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、JUN、胱天蛋白酶3(CASP3)、IL-1β、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、ESR1等;GO功能富集分析结果共得到生物过程(BP)条目141个,主要涉及DNA结合转录因子活性、转录因子活性、细胞因子活性、血红素结合抗氧化活性等生物过程,KEGG通路富集分析结果显示主要涉及晚期糖基化终末产物-晚期糖基化终末产物受体(AGE-RAGE)信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、IL-17信号通路、缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)信号通路等。结论基于网络药理学的角度初步探讨并验证了藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的多成分、多靶点、多通路的整体调节作用特点,预测了藤梨根治疗结直肠癌的潜在作用机制,为其活性成分研究与实验研究提供科学依据。

‘东红’猕猴桃引种试验

浙江省泰顺县、江山市、上虞区引进‘东红’猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis‘Donghong’接穗,其中泰顺县将其高接至8年生‘布鲁诺’猕猴桃Actinidia deliciosa‘Bruno’,江山、上虞则以1年生中华猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis实生苗为砧木进行嫁接,并在3个县(市、区)对‘东红’猕猴桃物候期、生长结果习性、果实品质、抗性及配套栽培技术研究开展了相关区域试验。结果表明,‘东红’猕猴桃树势强,成枝率达90%以上;嫁接后第二年即可实现10500 kg·hm^(-2)(大树改接)和5250 kg·hm^(-2)(砧木幼苗定植后嫁接)的产量,并分别在第五、第六年达到丰产,产量达30000 kg·hm^(-2)以上;果实品质优良,平均可溶性固形物含量15.6%~16.9%,干物质含量17.8%~18.6%;果实抗软腐病,耐贮性好;在1.5℃±0.5℃条件下,硬度由采后11 kg·cm^(-2)左右至2 kg·cm^(-2)可以存放12周,从2 kg·cm^(-2)到1 kg·cm^(-2)可以存放8周以上。

不同浓度镉污染土壤对猕猴桃的影响

利用盆栽模拟试验,设置3种浓度镉(Cd)污染土壤处理和空白对照,探究不同浓度Cd污染土壤对猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)生长的影响以及Cd在猕猴桃中的富集和转移规律。结果表明,在低浓度Cd污染土壤中,猕猴桃的鲜重、根茎部直径、根长、叶面积均无显著影响,在中高浓度Cd污染土壤中,猕猴桃的生长发育被抑制,鲜重、根茎部直径、根长、叶面积均下降,且浓度越高生长受到的抑制越严重;随着土壤Cd浓度的增加,猕猴桃叶的吸收能力增加而富集能力不变、猕猴桃茎吸收能力增加而富集能力先减小后增加、猕猴桃根吸收能力增强而富集能力先下降后趋于稳定;随着土壤Cd浓度的增加,猕猴桃的转移系数先下降后趋于稳定,转移系数均小于1,重金属Cd主要富集在猕猴桃根部;在不同浓度Cd污染条件下,猕猴桃根、茎、叶的富集系数均表现为根>茎>叶。

猕猴桃细菌溃疡病(Actinidia bacterial canker)病原细菌鉴定

对四川省苍溪县猕猴桃的细菌病害进行系统鉴定表明,该病属细菌溃疡病,其病原细菌为 Pseudomonas syringae Pv.actinidea。病原细菌的鉴定属国内首次报导.

两种秦岭野生猕猴桃果实性状比较

【目的】对两种野生猕猴桃的果实大小与种子数量等相关性状进行研究,进一步阐明猕猴果实大小与种子数量及含糖量的关系,为猕猴桃生产和品种选育提供参考与借鉴。【方法】采集两种秦岭野生猕猴桃——中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃的果实,并对这两种猕猴桃按照果实大小分类,比较大小果实的单果重、横纵径、果实糖度、种子数等相关性状。【结果】猕猴桃果实大果与小果的单果质量、纵径之间差异显著;大果和小果的果实糖度与大小无明显差异;果实大小和种子数呈正相关。【结论】猕猴桃果实种子数量越多,果实就越大,因此,充分授粉提高结籽率能显著增加猕猴桃果实的单果质量及其产量。

基于改进后局部搜索算法的猕猴桃预估产量在种植区域的分配性能

为进一步提高猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)预估产量在种植区域的分配性能,通过麻雀搜索算法、可变螺旋因子来改进局部搜索算法,并利用逐维透镜学习策略加快改进后局部搜索算法的收敛速度。结果表明,当猕猴桃预估产量不变时,随着可变螺旋因子数值增加,分配时间逐渐降低;当可变螺旋因子数值不变时,猕猴桃预估产量增加,分配时间也增加。猕猴桃预估产量分别为10、20、30、40、50、60 t,4个种植区域面积分别为500、650、700、850 m^(2)。建议当猕猴桃预估产量为10~60 t时,可变螺旋因子数值设定为4;当预估产量为10~40 t时,种植区域3可以满足最佳种植间隔,当预估产量为50~60 t时,种植区域4可以满足最佳种植间隔,根据不同预估产量及种植区域面积合理进行猕猴桃种植间隔分配,保证猕猴桃获得充足的养分。改进后局部搜索算法的收敛速度较快,在迭代500次时,算法已趋于收敛,深度学习、粒子群算法及灰狼算法的收敛速度均小于改进后局部搜索算法。