In the late 19th century,it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia.Soon after,the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-l...In the late 19th century,it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia.Soon after,the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-leguminous crops.In the past century,an ever-increasing amount of knowledge provided unique insights into the cellular,molecular,and genetic processes controlling this endosymbiosis.In addition,recent phylogenomic studies uncovered several genes that evolved to function specifically to control nodule formation and bacterial infection.However,despite this massive body of knowledge,the long-standing objective to engineer the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait on nonleguminous crop plants has not been achieved yet.In this review,the unsolved questions and engineering strategies toward nitrogen-fixing nodulation in non-legume plants are discussed and highlighted.展开更多
Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agri...Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production.The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change.Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems.Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casuarinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress,and/or infertile to hostile soils.Central Anatolia,Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation.Therefore,species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia.Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature,eight species were identified as being of high(A.verticillata and C.pauper)to moderate(A.acutivalvis,A.decaisneana,A.dielsiana,A.huegeliana,C.cristata and C.obesa)priority for assessment,with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the ENSA project funded by the Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation to the University of Cambridge to R.G.No conflict of interest declared.
文摘In the late 19th century,it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia.Soon after,the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-leguminous crops.In the past century,an ever-increasing amount of knowledge provided unique insights into the cellular,molecular,and genetic processes controlling this endosymbiosis.In addition,recent phylogenomic studies uncovered several genes that evolved to function specifically to control nodule formation and bacterial infection.However,despite this massive body of knowledge,the long-standing objective to engineer the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait on nonleguminous crop plants has not been achieved yet.In this review,the unsolved questions and engineering strategies toward nitrogen-fixing nodulation in non-legume plants are discussed and highlighted.
文摘Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production.The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change.Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems.Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casuarinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress,and/or infertile to hostile soils.Central Anatolia,Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation.Therefore,species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia.Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature,eight species were identified as being of high(A.verticillata and C.pauper)to moderate(A.acutivalvis,A.decaisneana,A.dielsiana,A.huegeliana,C.cristata and C.obesa)priority for assessment,with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.
