Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon （NAFSAC） was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke （FPC） and used as a support material for the synthesis ofa NiMo catalyst （2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo）. The ...Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon （NAFSAC） was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke （FPC） and used as a support material for the synthesis ofa NiMo catalyst （2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo）. The catalyst was then used for the hydrotreatment of light gas oil. The support and catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction, H2-temperature programmed reduction, NH3-temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle like structure after functionalization with HNO3. The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HNO3 functionalized material had moderate acidity, surface functional groups, and mesoporosity respectively. The produced NAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which make it a suitable support material for the preparation of a NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrotreating activity studies of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory trickle bed reactor using coker light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study was performed on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/7-A1203 as a reference catalyst. The hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogena- tion activities of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were 62% and 30%, respectively.展开更多
Preparation and process optimization of porous carbons using different carbon sources and activating agents are frequently and commonly reported in open literature. However, only scanty references are made on utilizat...Preparation and process optimization of porous carbons using different carbon sources and activating agents are frequently and commonly reported in open literature. However, only scanty references are made on utilization of petroleum coke for conversion to high surface area porous carbon using KOH as the activating agent. Hence, the present work attempts a process optimization exercise to prepare high surface area porous carbon from Petroleum coke using chemical activation (KOH) utilizing design of experiments. The effect of activation temperature, petroleum coke to KOH ratio (KPR) and activation duration were assessed on the surface area and yield of the porous carbon. The process optimization was performed covering experimental parameters in the range of 500?C - 800?C, 2 - 5 and 30 - 120 min. The optimal process conditions for maximizing the yield and BET surface area was identified to be an activation temperature of 639?C, KPR of 4.5 and activation duration of 43 min, having BET surface area 1765 m2/g and yield of 89.8%. However, an attempt to maximize only the BET surface area, ignoring yield has resulted with a porous carbon with maximum surface area of 2061 m2/g, with the optimal process conditions being an activation temperature of 688?C, KPR of 3.8 and activation duration of 74 min, with the corresponding yield of only 77%. The characterization of porous carbon was performed using nitrogen adsorption isotherm, FT-IR and SEM analysis.展开更多
KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭通常需要消耗大量KOH。为提高KOH利用效率,开发了一种基于K插层-脱插循环(以下简称“K循环”)的KOH活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭并联产H_(2)的方法:在升温活化过程,KOH与碳质原料反应转化为单质K、K_(...KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭通常需要消耗大量KOH。为提高KOH利用效率,开发了一种基于K插层-脱插循环(以下简称“K循环”)的KOH活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭并联产H_(2)的方法:在升温活化过程,KOH与碳质原料反应转化为单质K、K_(2)O和K_(2)CO_(3)并析出H_(2),而K_(2)CO_(3)可继续反应生成单质K和K_(2)O;在降温脱插过程,脱插试剂水蒸气与插层K、游离单质K和K2O反应生成KOH和H_(2);生成的KOH在二次升温活化时再次与碳质原料反应,如此构成K循环。在水平舟式反应器中考察了碳质原料种类(石油焦和石墨)、活化剂KOH和其活化中间产物K_(2)CO_(3)对活化过程气体产物析出规律和产品活性炭孔隙结构性质的影响,并在此基础上分析了K循环机理。结果表明,K循环效率和H_(2)产量因所用碳质原料与活化剂不同而不同:石油焦的反应活性远高于石墨,KOH活化性能优于K_(2)CO_(3)。在KOH活化石油焦的K循环过程中,KOH转化率达80%,而K_(2)CO_(3)转化率为18.5%,经由K_(2)CO_(3)的转化环节决定了K循环效率。以石油焦为碳质原料、KOH为活化剂,在活化温度为800℃及脱插温度为250℃的条件下,4.5 g干燥后的石油焦与13.5 g KOH经二次活化-脱插,所得活性炭比表面积达2808 m^(2)/g,并联产1403 mL/g H_(2)(1 g石油焦产生1403 mL H_(2))。展开更多
文摘Nitric acid functionalized steam activated carbon （NAFSAC） was prepared from waste fluid petroleum coke （FPC） and used as a support material for the synthesis ofa NiMo catalyst （2.5 wt-% Ni and 13 wt-% Mo）. The catalyst was then used for the hydrotreatment of light gas oil. The support and catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） gas adsorption method, X-ray diffraction, H2-temperature programmed reduction, NH3-temperature programmed desorption, CO-chemisorption, mass spetrography, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Boehm titration, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. The SEM results showed that the carbon material retained a needle like structure after functionalization with HNO3. The Boehm titration, FTIR, and BET results confirmed that the HNO3 functionalized material had moderate acidity, surface functional groups, and mesoporosity respectively. The produced NAFSAC had an inert nature, exhibited the sink effect and few metal support interactions, and contained functional groups. All of which make it a suitable support material for the preparation of a NiMo hydrotreating catalyst. Hydrotreating activity studies of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were carried out under industrial operating conditions in a laboratory trickle bed reactor using coker light gas oil as the feedstock. A parallel study was performed on the hydrotreating activity of NiMo/7-A1203 as a reference catalyst. The hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogena- tion activities of the NiMo/NAFSAC catalyst were 62% and 30%, respectively.
文摘Preparation and process optimization of porous carbons using different carbon sources and activating agents are frequently and commonly reported in open literature. However, only scanty references are made on utilization of petroleum coke for conversion to high surface area porous carbon using KOH as the activating agent. Hence, the present work attempts a process optimization exercise to prepare high surface area porous carbon from Petroleum coke using chemical activation (KOH) utilizing design of experiments. The effect of activation temperature, petroleum coke to KOH ratio (KPR) and activation duration were assessed on the surface area and yield of the porous carbon. The process optimization was performed covering experimental parameters in the range of 500?C - 800?C, 2 - 5 and 30 - 120 min. The optimal process conditions for maximizing the yield and BET surface area was identified to be an activation temperature of 639?C, KPR of 4.5 and activation duration of 43 min, having BET surface area 1765 m2/g and yield of 89.8%. However, an attempt to maximize only the BET surface area, ignoring yield has resulted with a porous carbon with maximum surface area of 2061 m2/g, with the optimal process conditions being an activation temperature of 688?C, KPR of 3.8 and activation duration of 74 min, with the corresponding yield of only 77%. The characterization of porous carbon was performed using nitrogen adsorption isotherm, FT-IR and SEM analysis.
文摘KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭通常需要消耗大量KOH。为提高KOH利用效率,开发了一种基于K插层-脱插循环(以下简称“K循环”)的KOH活化石油焦制备高比表面积活性炭并联产H_(2)的方法:在升温活化过程,KOH与碳质原料反应转化为单质K、K_(2)O和K_(2)CO_(3)并析出H_(2),而K_(2)CO_(3)可继续反应生成单质K和K_(2)O;在降温脱插过程,脱插试剂水蒸气与插层K、游离单质K和K2O反应生成KOH和H_(2);生成的KOH在二次升温活化时再次与碳质原料反应,如此构成K循环。在水平舟式反应器中考察了碳质原料种类(石油焦和石墨)、活化剂KOH和其活化中间产物K_(2)CO_(3)对活化过程气体产物析出规律和产品活性炭孔隙结构性质的影响,并在此基础上分析了K循环机理。结果表明,K循环效率和H_(2)产量因所用碳质原料与活化剂不同而不同:石油焦的反应活性远高于石墨,KOH活化性能优于K_(2)CO_(3)。在KOH活化石油焦的K循环过程中,KOH转化率达80%,而K_(2)CO_(3)转化率为18.5%,经由K_(2)CO_(3)的转化环节决定了K循环效率。以石油焦为碳质原料、KOH为活化剂,在活化温度为800℃及脱插温度为250℃的条件下,4.5 g干燥后的石油焦与13.5 g KOH经二次活化-脱插,所得活性炭比表面积达2808 m^(2)/g,并联产1403 mL/g H_(2)(1 g石油焦产生1403 mL H_(2))。
